In the eyes of numerous art historians, Frankfurt painter Philipp Uffenbach (1566–1636) was never able to break free from the influence of the great masters of his era. He is considered an epigone of Grünewald or an imitator of Dürer—devoid of genius—and worth mentioning only as a teacher of Adam Elsheimer. Presenting his surviving oeuvre in its entirety for the first time, this publication reassesses Uffenbach’s painting and sets the distorted picture right. By means of extensive and hitherto untapped sources, the author reconstructs the multifaceted biography of a German artist of the Early Modern Age, including his studies as a scientist and alchemist. This book fills a gap in art-historical research into the transitional period from the late Renaissance to the Baroque era. Furthermore, it is also a well-founded contribution to the art and social history of the city of Frankfurt am Main.