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The Pharmacy Technician Series Pharmacology

by: Johnston, Mike; NPTA

The Pharmacy Technician Series Pharmacology

by: Johnston, Mike; NPTA

ISBN 13:
9780131147645
ISBN 10:
0131147641
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 08/09/2005
Publisher: Prentice Hall

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Summary

Part of the Prentice Hall Pharmacy Technician Series, Pharmacology is a comprehensive resource exploring the science behind pharmacy.The book covers principles of pharmacology, terms, usage, dosage forms and an in-depth look at every major drug classification.Pharmacy Technician Students and Professionals.

Preface

xxi

About the Authors

xxiii

About NPTA

xxiv

Acknowledgments

xxv

Contributor

xxvi

Reviewers

xxvii

Introduction to Pharmacology

(6)

Introduction

(1)

Studying Pharmacology

(1)

Basic Terminology

(2)

Major Areas of Pharmacology

(1)

Summary

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

(1)

The Realm of Pharmacology

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Classification of Drugs

(4)

Drug Names

(1)

Routes of Administration

(6)

Oral Administration

(2)

Buccal and Sublingual Absorption

(1)

Topical Administration

(1)

Rectal and Vaginal Administration

(1)

Inhalation Administration

(1)

Nasogastral Administration

(1)

Parenteral Administration

(1)

Summary

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

(1)

The Body and Drugs

(16)

Introduction

(1)

Structure of the Human Body

(12)

Cardiovascular System

(3)

Respiratory System

(2)

Renal System

(1)

Gastrointestinal (GI) System

(2)

Endocrine System

(2)

Hematologic System

(2)

Summary

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

(2)

Pharmacodynamics

(11)

Introduction

(1)

Receptor Complex

(1)

Site of Action

(1)

Mechanism of Action

(1)

Receptor Site

(1)

Agonists and Antagonists

(1)

The Dose--Response Curve

(2)

Potency

(1)

ED50

(1)

The Time--Response Curve

(1)

Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms

(2)

Summary

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

(2)

Pharmacokinetics

(8)

Introduction

(1)

Plasma Concentration (Cp)

(1)

Drug Absorption

(1)

Drug Distribution

(1)

Membrane Transport Mechanisms

(2)

Passive Diffusion

(1)

Facilitated Diffusion

(1)

Active Transport

(1)

Pinocytosis

(1)

The Quality of Drugs---Solubility

(1)

Drugs and Their Ionization

(1)

Summary

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

(2)

Drug Distribution and Metabolism

(8)

Introduction

(1)

The Path

(1)

Plasma Binding Protein

(1)

What Do You Really Need to Know about Pharmacokinetics?

(1)

Equilibrium

(1)

Absorption

(1)

Salt Forms

(1)

Rate of Administration

(1)

Volume of Distribution

(1)

Important Note about ``Two Compartments''

(1)

Clearance

(1)

Half Life

(1)

Information Resources

(1)

Summary

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

(1)

Addiction

(10)

Introduction

(1)

The Disease

(1)

Characteristics

(1)

Causes

(1)

The Criteria for Addiction

(1)

The Roots of Drug Abuse

(1)

Alcohol

(3)

Alcohol, Other Drugs, and the Brain

(2)

Treatment for Alcoholism

(1)

Summary

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

(2)

Drug Dependency

(5)

Introduction

(1)

The Problem

(1)

Controlled Medications

(2)

Addiction Versus Dependence

(1)

Summary

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

(1)

The Skin

(15)

Introduction

(1)

Anatomy

(1)

Diseases and Conditions of the Skin

(4)

Drugs versus Cosmetics for the Skin

(1)

Pharmaceutical Treatment of Various Skin Diseases

(4)

No Pharmaceutical Treatment

(1)

Summary

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

(4)

Eyes and Ears

(29)

Introduction

(1)

Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye

(1)

How the Eye Works

(1)

Diseases of the Eyes

(1)

Infections of the Eye and the Pharmaceutical Treatment

(7)

Stye

(1)

Blepharitis

(1)

Conjunctivitis

(6)

Eye Disorders that Affect Vision

104

(9)

Glaucoma

104

(2)

Cataract

106

(1)

Vascular Retinopathies Retinopathy

106

(7)

Cycloplegic, Mydriatic Drugs, Lubricants

113

(1)

Basics of Using an Ophthalmic Product

113

(1)

How to Apply an Ophthalmic Ointment

114

(1)

How to Instill an Ophthalmic Solution

114

(1)

The Ear

115

(1)

Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear

115

(2)

Eustachian Tube

116

(1)

Cochlea

116

(1)

Vestibular Labyrinth

116

(1)

Complications of Earwax Buildup

117

(1)

Types of Hearing Loss

118

(1)

Conductive Hearing loss

118

(1)

Sensory Hearing Loss

118

(1)

Drug Induced

118

(1)

Neural Hearing Loss

118

(1)

Presbycusis

118

(1)

Otitis Media

119

(1)

Summary

120

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

121

(2)

The Gastrointestinal System

123

(35)

Introduction

123

(1)

Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System

124

(1)

Function of Digestion

125

(1)

The Digestive Process

125

(4)

The Mouth

125

(1)

The Stomach

126

(1)

The Small Intestine

127

(1)

The Large Intestine or Colon

128

(1)

Disorders of the Digestive System

129

(3)

GERD or Gastric Esophageal Reflux Disease

129

(1)

Nausea and/or Vomiting

130

(2)

Ulcers

132

(5)

NSAIDs

133

(2)

Causes and Treatments

135

(2)

Nutrition

137

(1)

Basic Nutrition

138

(9)

Macronutrients

138

(1)

Carbohydrates

138

(1)

Fats

139

(1)

Protein

140

(1)

Vitamins

141

(5)

Minerals

146

(1)

Water

147

(1)

Food Guide Pyramid

147

(1)

Food Allergies

147

(1)

Total Parenteral Nutrition

147

(8)

Indications

148

(2)

Two Types of TPN Lines

150

(2)

TPN Solutions for Special Disease State Dietary Needs

152

(1)

Compatibility

153

(1)

Stability

153

(2)

Summary

155

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

156

(2)

The Musculoskeletal System

158

(33)

Introduction

158

(1)

Anatomy of the Muscles

159

(1)

Muscle Action

159

(1)

The Bones

160

(1)

Long Bones

160

(1)

Bone Marrow

161

(2)

Anatomical Vocabulary

163

(1)

The Functions of Bones

163

(1)

Musculoskeletal Disorders

164

(4)

Osteomyelitis

165

(1)

Osteoporosis

166

(2)

Paget's Disease

168

(1)

Bursitis

168

(1)

Tendonitis

168

(1)

Myalgia

168

(1)

Bone Marrow Disorders

168

(1)

Anemia

168

(1)

Leukemia

168

(1)

Arthritis

168

(2)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

169

(1)

Osteoarthritis

169

(1)

Gout

169

(1)

Treatment of Arthritis

170

(1)

Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)

170

(1)

Gold (Ridaura®)

171

(1)

Penicillamine

171

(1)

Sulfasalazineis

171

(1)

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®)

171

(1)

Leflunomide (Arava®)

171

(1)

Second Line of Therapy

172

(1)

Inflammation

172

(1)

Treatment for Inflammatory Diseases

173

(3)

Salicylates

173

(1)

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

174

(1)

Cox-2 Inhibitors

174

(2)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

176

(2)

Adverse Actions

178

(1)

Treatment of Weak, Fragile, or Soft Bones

178

(6)

Bisphosphonates

180

(1)

Calcitonin

181

(1)

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

181

(1)

Nonpharmacologic Treatments of Osteoporosis

181

(3)

Treatment of Gout

184

(2)

Drugs of Choice

184

(1)

Preventative Treatment

184

(2)

Spastic Diseases

186

(1)

Multiple Sclerosis

186

(1)

Cerebral Palsy

186

(1)

Summary

187

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

188

(3)

The Respiratory System

191

(35)

Introduction

191

(1)

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

192

(1)

Function of the Respiratory System

192

(3)

A Difference between Air and Oxygen

194

(1)

Actual Respiration and the External Exchange

194

(1)

The Diaphragm

195

(1)

The Lung and the Conducting Airways

195

(1)

How We Breathe

195

(2)

Disease States of the Respiratory Tract

197

(1)

Cough and Colds

197

(10)

How a Cold Virus Becomes a Disease

198

(1)

Cough as a Symptom and a Complication of the Common Cold

198

(2)

Treating the Common Cold with Drugs

200

(1)

Antihistamines for the Common Cold

201

(2)

Decongestants

203

(2)

Cough Medications

205

(1)

Nondrug Treatment of the Common Cold

205

(2)

Asthma

207

(2)

Bronchoconstriction

208

(1)

Allergic Asthma

208

(1)

Treatment

208

(1)

Emphysema

209

(2)

Cystic Fibrosis

211

(1)

Treatment of APAP OD

212

(1)

Allergies

212

(3)

Antihistamines

212

(1)

Mast Cell Stabilizers Used to Prevent Allergies

213

(2)

Treatment of COPD

215

(6)

Bronchodilators

215

(1)

Xanthines

215

(1)

Anticholinergics

216

(1)

Anti-inflammatory Agents

216

(1)

Mast Cell Inhibitors

217

(2)

Anti-leukotriene Drugs

219

(2)

Summary

221

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

222

(4)

The Cardio, Circulatory, and Lymph Systems

226

(38)

Introduction

226

(1)

Anatomy of the Heart

227

(1)

The Function of the Heart

228

(4)

Pumping of Blood

228

(1)

Blood

229

(1)

Blood Flow

229

(3)

The Conduction System

232

(1)

Nerve Supply to the Heart

233

(1)

Diseases of the Heart

233

(4)

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

233

(1)

Complications of CHF---Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, and Arrhythmias

234

(1)

Types of Arrhythmias

234

(3)

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

237

(1)

Treatment for Diseases of the Heart

237

(7)

Cardiac Glycosides

238

(1)

Diuretics

238

(2)

Vasodilators

240

(1)

ACE Inhibitors

241

(2)

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

243

(1)

Hypertension

244

(1)

Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

245

(4)

Antiplatelet Agents

245

(1)

Anticoagulants

245

(3)

Tissue Plasminogen Activators

248

(1)

Stages of Clot Formation

249

(3)

Stage I

249

(1)

Stage II

249

(1)

Stage III

250

(1)

Stage IV

250

(1)

Antidotes for Overdose of Antiplatelets or Anticoagulants

250

(1)

New Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

251

(1)

Antihyperlipidemics or Hypolipidemics

251

(1)

Adrenocorticosteroids

252

(1)

Cholesterol

252

(3)

Triglycerides

253

(2)

Treatment of Arrhythmias

255

(1)

Class I Anti-arrhythmic Agents

256

(1)

Class II Anti-arrhythmic Agents

256

(1)

Class III Anti-arrhythmic Agents

256

(1)

Class IV Anti-arrhythmic Agents

256

(1)

The Lymphatic System

256

(3)

Structural Components

256

(3)

The Lymphatic Route

259

(1)

Diseases of the Spleen

260

(1)

Summary

261

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

262

(2)

The Immune System

264

(54)

Introduction

264

(1)

Anatomy and Physiology of the Immune System

265

(2)

The Body's Defense Mechanisms

265

(1)

Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms

265

(1)

Specific Defense Mechanisms

266

(1)

Lymphocytes

267

(3)

Specific Mechanism of Defense

270

(1)

Cell Structure and Function

271

(1)

Types of Infectious Organisms

271

(3)

Animal Microorganisms

271

(3)

HIV/AIDS

274

(1)

Progression of HIV to AIDS to Death in Five Stages

275

(1)

Retroviral Replication

275

(1)

The HIV Replication Process in 11 Stages

275

(1)

HIV/AIDS Drugs

276

(3)

Autoimmune Diseases

279

(4)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

279

(4)

Plant Microorganisms

283

(1)

Antifungals

284

(1)

Amebicides/Antiprotozoal

284

(3)

Prions

287

(1)

Gram Staining

287

(1)

Methods of Transmission

288

(1)

Anti-infectives

288

(1)

Resistance

288

(16)

Antibacterials

295

(3)

MOA of Cephalosporins

298

(6)

Antivirals

304

(1)

MOA of Antivirals

304

(1)

Vaccines

305

(1)

Various Infectious Disease States

306

(4)

Cancer

310

(5)

Drugs Used to Treat Cancer

311

(4)

Summary

315

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

316

(2)

The Renal System

318

(18)

Introduction

318

(1)

Anatomy and Physiology of the Renal System

319

(2)

The Bladder and Urine

321

(1)

Diseases of the Urinary System and Treatment

322

(7)

Urinary Incontinence

322

(1)

Urinary Retention

323

(1)

Urinary Tract Infections

324

(3)

Kidney Stones

327

(1)

Edema and Hypertension

328

(1)

Diabetes Mellitus and the Kidneys

328

(1)

Diuretics

329

(2)

Summary

331

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

332

(4)

The Endocrine System

336

(38)

Introduction

336

(1)

Anatomy of the Endocrine System

337

(1)

Glands, Organs, and Secretions

338

(2)

Hormones

340

(2)

The Glands

342

(5)

Hypothalamus

342

(1)

The Pituitary Gland

343

(1)

Thyroid and Parathyroid

343

(2)

Adrenal

345

(2)

Glucocorticoids

347

(1)

Administration of Glucocorticoids

347

(1)

Mineralcorticoids

348

(1)

The Gonads

349

(1)

Female Sex Hormones

349

(1)

Male Sex Hormones

350

(1)

Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Menopause

351

(3)

Contraindications

354

(1)

Testosterone Hormonal Replacement

354

(3)

Contraindications

355

(1)

Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids

356

(1)

Precautions

357

(1)

Glandular Disease States

357

(1)

Examples of Cancers that Benefit from Endocrine Therapy

357

(1)

Endocrine System Disorders and Pituitary Abnormalities

358

(1)

Pituitary Gigantism

358

(1)

Pituitary Dwarfism

358

(1)

Acromegaly

359

(1)

Diabetes

359

(5)

Insulin

361

(1)

Diabetes Insipidus

362

(2)

Abnormalities of the Adrenal Gland

364

(7)

Cushing's Syndrome

364

(1)

Addison's Disease

365

(1)

Cretenism

366

(1)

Myxedema (Secondary Hypothyroidism)

366

(1)

Grave's Disease

366

(1)

Erectile Dysfunction

367

(1)

Hypothalamus

368

(1)

Pituitary Gland

368

(3)

Summary

371

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

372

(2)

The Reproductive System

374

(21)

Introduction

374

(1)

The Female Reproductive System

375

(2)

Anatomy and Physiology

375

(2)

Contraceptives

377

(5)

Topical Contraceptives

380

(1)

Contraceptive Devices

380

(1)

Diaphragms and Cervical Caps

381

(1)

Intrauterine Devices

382

(1)

STDs---Sexually Transmitted Diseases

382

(1)

Treatment and Prevention of STDs

383

(1)

Mammary Glands and Childbirth

383

(1)

Lactation

384

(1)

Infertility

384

(2)

Disease State, Causes, Symptoms, Outcome if Left Untreated

384

(1)

Causes of Infertility in Women

385

(1)

Pharmaceutical Treatment of Infertility in Women

386

(1)

The Male Reproductive System

386

(5)

Anatomy

386

(1)

Diseases of the Male Reproductive Tract

387

(4)

Summary

391

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

392

(3)

The Nervous System

395

(70)

Introduction

395

(1)

Anatomy of the Nervous System

396

(1)

Functions of the Nervous System

396

(4)

The Neuron

399

(1)

Neurotransmission and Receptors

400

(1)

The Central Nervous System

401

(1)

The Brain

402

(2)

Cerebellum

402

(1)

Cerebrum

402

(2)

Reticular Formation

404

(1)

The Limbic System

404

(1)

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

404

(1)

Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System

405

(1)

Anxiety

405

(3)

Benzodiazepines

407

(1)

Mechanism of Action of Buspirone

408

(1)

Mood Disorders

408

(4)

Depression

408

(4)

Bipolar Disorder

412

(10)

Mechanism of Action of Lithium

420

(1)

Alcohol Withdrawal

420

(1)

Treatment

421

(1)

Smoking Withdrawal and Cessation

422

(1)

Antidepressants in Smoking Cessation

423

(1)

Anti-anxiety Agents in Smoking Cessation

423

(1)

Psychosis

423

(2)

Mechanism of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs

424

(1)

Conventional, Traditional, or Typical Antipsychotic Drugs

425

(1)

Insomnia

425

(6)

Prescription Hypnotics, Sedatives, and Barbiturate Medication

427

(1)

Mechanism of Action for the Non-Benzodiazepines

428

(3)

Stimulants

431

(1)

Adverse Actions of Stimulants

432

(1)

Contraindications: Drug--Condition Interactions of Stimulants

432

(1)

Withdrawal Treatment

432

(1)

ADD and ADHD

432

(2)

Stimulants Used in the Treatment of ADHD and ADD

432

(2)

Nonstimulants Used in the Treatment of ADHD and ADD

434

(1)

Adverse Reactions of Strattera® (atomoxetine)

434

(1)

Contraindications of Strattera® (atomoxetine)

434

(1)

Convulsions, Seizures, and Epilepsy

434

(3)

Different Types and Classifications of Seizures

435

(1)

Status Epilepticus

436

(1)

Treatment of Seizures and Convulsions

437

(1)

Parkinson's Disease

437

(5)

Nonpharmaceutical Treatments of Parkinson's Disease, or PD

439

(1)

Future Treatments

439

(1)

Pharmaceutical Treatments of PD

439

(3)

Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

442

(4)

Signs and Symptoms of Dementia

443

(1)

Treatment of Dementia

444

(2)

Migraine Headaches

446

(7)

Classic Migraine

447

(1)

Common Migraine

447

(1)

Pharmaceutical Treatment of Migraine Headache

448

(1)

Reye's Syndrome

448

(2)

Other drugs

450

(3)

Cancer Pain

453

(2)

Treatment of Cancer Pain

454

(1)

Nonpharmaceutical Pain Relief

455

(1)

Scheduled Narcotic Analgesics

455

(3)

The Peripheral Nervous System

458

(1)

Summary

459

(1)

Chapter Review Questions

460

(5)

Appendix A Terminology

465

(11)

Appendix B Answers

476

(9)

Index

485

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The Pharmacy Technician Series Pharmacology

The Pharmacy Technician Series Pharmacology

9780131147645

0131147641

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