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Perspectives in Nutrition

by: Wardlaw, Gordon M.

Perspectives in Nutrition

by: Wardlaw, Gordon M.

ISBN 13:
9780070920781
ISBN 10:
0070920788
Edition: 4th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/01/1998
Publisher: BROWN WM C CO PUBLISHERS
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Summary

Perspectives in Nutrition, Seventh Edition, is an introductory nutrition text appropriate for the majors and mixed-majors nutrition courses. This student-focused text presents the major concepts in nutrition including the body's use of food nutrients and diet planning throughout the life cycle. The text places special emphasis on the application of nutrition principles in everyday life by exploring the health consequences of nutrition practices.

Preface to the Instructor

Preface to the Students

PART ONE Nutrition Basics

(74)

What Nourishes You?

(32)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

(1)

Nutrition and Your Health

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

(1)

Classes and Sources of Nutrients

(4)

Nutrients Composition of Diets and the Human Body

(1)

Energy Sources and Uses

(2)

States of Nutritional Health

(1)

How Could Your Nutritional State Be Measured?

(2)

Health Objectives for the United States for the Year 2000

(1)

The American Diet

(1)

Nutrition Focus A Fountain of Youth?

(1)

What Influences Our Food Choices?

(3)

Expert Opinion How to Find Reliable Nutrition Information

(3)

Susan Calvert Finn

Improving Our Diets

(2)

Summary

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

References

(1)

Take Action Examine the Factors That Affect Your Eating Habits

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Genetics and Nutrition

(5)

The Basics of a Healthy Diet

(42)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

(1)

A Food Philosophy That Works

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

(2)

The Food Guide Pyramid---A Menu-Planning Tool

(5)

Dietary Guidelines---Another Tool for Menu Planning

(4)

Defining Nutrient Needs

(4)

Daily Values: The Standards Used for Food Labeling

(4)

Expert Opinion Using Food Labels to Plan Healthy Diets, Constance

(3)

J. Geiger

Nutrient Density Can Help Guide Food Choice

(1)

Nutrition Focus Health Claims on Foods---What Is Currently Allowed and What Isn't

(2)

The Exchange System: A Final Menu-Planning Tool

(3)

Epilogue

(1)

Summary

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

References

(1)

Take Action Does Your Diet Meet Nutrient Needs and Food Guide Pyramid Recommendations?

(2)

Nutrition Perspective Determining Nutrient Needs by Scientific Research

(7)

PART TWO The Energy-Yielding Nutrients

(148)

Carbohydrates

(38)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

(1)

Structures and Functions of Simple Carbohydrates

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

(3)

Functions of Glucose and Other Sugars in the Body

(2)

Regulation of Blood Glucose

(2)

Nutrition Focus Lactose Intolerance

(1)

Structures and Functions of the More Complex Carbohydrates

(1)

Expert Opinion The Benefits of a High-Carbohydrate Diet

(8)

William E. Connor

Recommended Carbohydrate Intakes

(6)

Carbohydrate Content of Foods

100

(1)

Food Sweeteners

101

(4)

Summary

105

(1)

Study Questions

106

(1)

References

106

(1)

Take Action How Does Your Diet Rate for Carbohydrate and Dietary Fiber?

107

(1)

Nutrition Perspective When Blood Glucose Regulation Fails

108

(5)

Lipids

113

(44)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

114

(1)

Lipids: Common Properties and Main Types

114

(1)

Fatty Acids: The Simplest Form of Lipids

114

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

115

(5)

Triglycerides

120

(3)

Phospholipids

123

(1)

Sterols

124

(2)

Carrying Fats in the Bloodstream

126

(3)

Exploring Another Dimension of Fat---Properties in Food

129

(1)

Expert Opinion Women and Heart Disease

130

(5)

Robert D. Langer

Recommendations for Fat Intake

135

(2)

Fats in Foods

137

(2)

Nutrition Focus Fat Replacement Strategies

139

(4)

Summary

143

(1)

Study Questions

144

(1)

References

144

(1)

Take Action What Is Your Fat and Cholesterol Intake?

145

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Heart Disease

146

(11)

Proteins

157

(32)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

158

(1)

Proteins---Vital to Life

158

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

159

(1)

Amino Acids

159

(6)

Proteins---Amino Acids Joined Together

165

(1)

Functions of Proteins

166

(4)

The Recommended Dietary Allowance for Protein

170

(1)

Nutrition Focus Evaluation of Protein Quality

171

(2)

Does Eating a Mainly High-Protein Diet Harm You?

173

(1)

Protein in Foods

174

(2)

Expert Opinion A Close Look at Soybeans

176

(2)

Mark Messina

Protein-Energy Malnutrition

178

(3)

Summary

181

(1)

Study Questions

182

(1)

References

183

(1)

Take Action Are You Eating Enough Protein?

184

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Vegetarianism

185

(4)

Digestion and Absorption

189

(34)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

190

(1)

The Physiology of Digestion

190

(1)

The Flow of Digestion

190

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

191

(3)

Hormones---A Key to Orchestrating Digestion

194

(3)

Enzymes in Digestion

197

(2)

Digestion---Nutrient by Nutrient

199

(1)

Nutrition Focus Body Systems Used in Digestion and Absorption

200

(5)

Digestion---A Recap

205

(1)

The Physiology of Absorption

206

(1)

Expert Opinion Gastroquackery

206

(4)

Stephen Barrett

Absorption---Nutrient by Nutrient

210

(3)

Absorption Is Completed in the Large Intestine

213

(2)

Summary

215

(1)

Study Questions

216

(1)

References

216

(1)

Take Action Are You Taking Care of Your Digestive Tract?

217

(1)

Nutrition Perspective When the Digestive Processes Go Awry

218

(5)

PART THREE Energy Production and Energy Balance

223

(150)

Metabolism

223

(36)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

224

(1)

Metabolism

224

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

225

(1)

The Cell---Primary Site for Metabolism

225

(5)

Nutrition Focus Oxidation-Reduction Reactions---Key Processes in Metabolism

230

(1)

Carbohydrate Metabolism Begins with Glycolysis

231

(2)

The Citric Acid Cycle Completes Glucose Catabolism

233

(1)

The Electron Transport Chain Is the Primary Site for ATP Synthesis

234

(2)

Glycogen Metabolism

236

(1)

Lipolysis: Fat Breakdown

236

(2)

Lipogenesis: Building Fatty Acids

238

(1)

Protein Metabolism

239

(1)

Gluconeogenesis: Producing New Glucose Molecules from Amino Acids and Other Compounds

239

(2)

Alcohol Metabolism

241

(2)

What Happens Where---A Review

243

(1)

Regulating Metabolism

243

(1)

Expert Opinion Sensible, Safe, and Beneficial Alcohol Drinking

244

(3)

Arthur L. Klatsky

Epilogue

247

(2)

Summary

249

(1)

Study Questions

250

(1)

References

250

(1)

Take Action Put Your Knowledge of Metabolism into Practice

251

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Alcohol---Metabolic, Nutritional, and Social Implications

252

(7)

Energy Balance and Weight Control

259

(52)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

260

(1)

Energy Balance

260

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

261

(5)

Determining Energy Use by the Body

266

(2)

Why Am I Hungry?

268

(1)

Nutrition Focus Calculating Energy Use

269

(4)

Estimating a Healthy Weight

273

(3)

Energy Imbalance

276

(5)

Why some People Are Obese---Nature Versus Nurture

281

(2)

Treatment of Obesity

283

(2)

Nutrition Focus Do You Have a Set Point for Body Weight?

285

(4)

Controlling Energy Intake---The First Key to Weight Loss

289

(2)

Regular Physical Activity---A Second Key to Weight Loss and Later Weight Maintenance

291

(1)

Behavior Modification---What Makes Us Tick?

292

(2)

Expert Opinion Breaking Behavior Chains

294

(4)

James Ferguson

Professional Help for Weight Loss

298

(1)

Pharmacotherapy for Weight Loss

299

(1)

Treating Severe Obesity

300

(1)

Treating Underweight

301

(1)

Summary

302

(1)

Study Questions

303

(1)

References

303

(1)

Take Action A Close Look at Your Weight Status

304

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Fad Diets---Why All the Commotion?

305

(6)

Nutrition for Fitness

311

(34)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

312

(1)

The Close Relationship Between Nutrition and Fitness

312

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

313

(1)

Expert Opinion What Can a Physically Active Lifestyle Promise?

314

(2)

J. Mark Davis

Energy Sources for Muscle Use

316

(6)

Adaptation of Muscles and Body Physiology to Exercise

322

(1)

Power Food: Dietary Advice for Athletes

322

(1)

Nutrition Focus Designing a Fitness Program

323

(14)

Summary

337

(1)

Study Questions

337

(1)

References

338

(1)

Take Action Are You Measuring Up to the Numbers?

338

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Ergogenic Aids: Substitutes That Can Enhance Athletic Performance

339

(6)

David Lamb

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

345

(28)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

346

(1)

From Ordered to Disordered Eating Habits

346

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

347

(1)

Overview of Two Common Eating Disorders

347

(2)

Nutrition Focus Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Study

349

(7)

Bulimia Nervosa

356

(3)

Nutrition Focus Thoughts of a Bulimic Woman

359

(1)

Expert Opinion Eating Disorders

360

(2)

Laura Hill

Other Disordered Eating Patterns

362

(1)

Female Athlete Triad

362

(1)

Binge-Eating Disorder

363

(2)

Baryophobia

365

(1)

Preventing Eating Disorders

366

(1)

Summary

367

(1)

Study Questions

368

(1)

References

368

(1)

Take Action Assessing Your Risk of Developing an Eating Disorder

369

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Eating Disorders: A Sociological Perspective

370

(3)

PART FOUR The Vitamins and Minerals

373

(168)

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

373

(40)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

374

(1)

Vitamins: Vital Dietary Components

374

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

375

(2)

Vitamin A

377

(3)

Nutrition Focus Preserving Vitamins in Foods

380

(8)

Vitamin D

388

(6)

Vitamin E

394

(4)

Expert Opinion Sorting Out the Use of Vitamin E Supplements by Otherwise Healthy People

398

(3)

Vitamin K

401

(4)

Summary

405

(1)

Study Questions

406

(1)

References

406

(1)

Take Action Measuring Your Vitamin Intake Against the RDAs

407

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Vitamin Supplements: Who Needs Them?

408

(5)

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

413

(50)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

414

(1)

Water-Soluble Vitamins: General Properties

414

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

415

(2)

Thiamin

417

(4)

Riboflavin

421

(1)

Niacin

422

(3)

Pantothenic Acid

425

(1)

Biotin

426

(1)

Vitamin B-6

427

(4)

Folate

431

(5)

Vitamin B-12

436

(5)

Vitamin C

441

(3)

Expert Opinion Vitamin C: How Much Do We Need?

444

(3)

Mark Levine

Vitamin-Like Compounds

447

(4)

Nutrition Focus Bogus Vitamins

451

(1)

Summary

451

(1)

Study Questions

452

(1)

References

453

(1)

Take Action Spotting Fraudulent Claims

454

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Nutrition and Cancer

455

(8)

Water and the Major Minerals

463

(40)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

464

(1)

Water

464

(1)

Water in the Body---Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid

464

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

465

(2)

Functions of Water

467

(2)

How Much Water Do We Need?

469

(3)

Minerals

472

(1)

Mineral Bioavailability

473

(1)

Mineral Toxicities

474

(1)

Sodium

475

(4)

Nutrition Focus Minerals and Hypertension

479

(3)

Potassium

482

(1)

Chloride

483

(1)

Calcium

484

(2)

Expert Opinion Calcium: An Underconsumed Essential Nutrient

486

(5)

Gregory D. Miller

Phosphorus

491

(1)

Magnesium

492

(1)

Sulfur

493

(2)

Summary

495

(1)

Study Questions

495

(1)

References

496

(1)

Take Action Working for Denser Bones

496

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Osteoporosis

497

(6)

The Trace Minerals

503

(38)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

504

(1)

Trace Minerals

504

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

505

(1)

Iron

506

(10)

Zinc

516

(4)

Nutrition Focus Hair Analysis: Experimental Method for Trace Mineral Assessment

520

(1)

Copper

520

(2)

Selenium

522

(2)

Iodide

524

(2)

Fluoride

526

(1)

Chromium

527

(1)

Manganese

528

(1)

Molybdenum

528

(1)

Trace Minerals of Questionable Status

529

(1)

Expert Opinion Chromium: Charlatans' Delight or Nutritionists' Concern?

530

(3)

F. H. Nielsen

Summary

533

(1)

Study Questions

534

(1)

References

535

(1)

Take Action How Does Your Trace Mineral Intake Measure Up?

536

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Nutrients and Immunity

537

(4)

PART FIVE Nutrition Applications in the Life Cycle

541

(114)

Pregnancy and Breast Feeding

541

(36)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

542

(1)

Pregnancy Should Be Planned

542

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

543

(1)

Prenatal Growth and Development

543

(3)

Defining a Successful Pregnancy

546

(2)

Meeting Increased Nutrient Needs to Support Pregnancy

548

(4)

A Food Plan for Pregnant Women

552

(2)

The Effect of Nutrition on the Success of Pregnancy

554

(1)

Effects of Nutritional and Other Factors on Pregnancy Outcome

555

(2)

Nutrition Focus Teenage Pregnancy

557

(3)

Physiological Changes Can Cause Discomfort in Pregnancy

560

(2)

Breastfeeding

562

(4)

A Food Plan for Women Who Breastfeed

566

(1)

Pros and Cons of Breastfeeding

566

(2)

Expert Opinion Human Milk: The Ecologically Sound Way to Feed an Infant

568

(3)

Linda J. Boyne

Summary

571

(1)

Study Questions

572

(1)

References

573

(1)

Take Action Targeting Nutrients Necessary for Pregnant Women

574

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

575

(2)

Nutrition from Infancy Through Adolescence

577

(40)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

578

(1)

Infant Growth and Physiological Development

578

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

579

(3)

Infant Nutritional Needs

582

(4)

Formula Feeding for Infants

586

(2)

Development of Feeding Skills in the Older Infant

588

(1)

Introducing Solid Foods

588

(5)

Nutrition Focus Dietary Guidelines for Infant Feeding

593

(1)

Health Problems Related to Infant Nutrition

594

(2)

Preschool Children

596

(4)

Expert Opinion Helping Children to Eat Well

600

(2)

Ellyn Satter

Nutritional Problems in Preschool Children

602

(2)

School-Age Children

604

(3)

The Teenage Years

607

(3)

Summary

610

(1)

Study Questions

611

(1)

References

611

(1)

Take Action Getting Young Bill to Eat

612

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Food Allergies and Intolerances

613

(4)

Nutrition During Adulthood

617

(38)

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

618

(1)

Adulthood

618

(1)

Key Chapter Concepts

619

(3)

A Focus on the Older Years

622

(2)

What Actually Is Aging?

624

(4)

The Effects of Aging on the Nutritional Health of Older People

628

(4)

Expert Opinion Why Should You Care?

632

(6)

Nancy S. Wellman

Meeting the Nutrient Needs of Older People

638

(1)

Nutrition Focus Alzheimer's Disease

639

(6)

Summary

645

(1)

Study Questions

646

(1)

References

646

(1)

Take Action Helping Older Adults Eat Better

647

(1)

Nutrition Perspective Ethnic Influences on the American Diet

648

(7)

PART SIX Putting Nutrition Knowledge into Practice

655

Food Safety

655

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

656

Setting the Stage

656

Key Chapter Concepts

657

Foodborne Illness

657

Food Preservation---Past, Present, and Future

661

Foodborne Illness: When Undesirable Microbes Alter Foods

661

General Rules for Preventing Foodborne Illness

661

A Closer Look at Microbes That Cause Foodborne Illness

665

Expert Opinion Surveillance of Emerging Foodborne Pathogens

668

Tammy L. Bannerman

Food Additives

675

Common Food Additives

677

Nutrition Focus Caffeine---Is There an Ax to Grind?

681

Substances That Occur Naturally in Foods and Can Cause Illness

683

Environmental Contaminants in Food

683

Summary

686

Study Questions

687

References

687

Take Action Can You Spot the Improper Food Safety Practices?

688

Nutritional Perspective Pesticides in Food

689

Undernutrition Throughout the World

693

Nutrition Awareness Inventory

694

World Hunger: A Continuing Plague

694

Key Chapter Concepts

695

General Effects of Semistarvation

699

Undernutrition in the United States

701

Expert Opinion The Human Side of Hunger and Poverty in America

706

Susan M. Krueger

Undernutrition in the Developing World: Underlying Causes

708

Nutrition Focus The Impact of AIDS Worldwide

714

Reducing Undernutrition in the Developing World

719

Summary

722

Study Questions

723

References

723

Take Action Fighting World Undernutrition on a Personal Level

724

Nutrition Perspective Biotechnology: An Answer to Food Shortages?

725

Appendixes

A Food Composition Table

A-1

B Chemistry: A Tool for Understanding Nutrition

A-73

C Dietary Advice for Canadians

A-89

D Exchange System Lists

A-97

E Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure Assessment

A-107

F Fatty Acids, Including Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Foods

A-117

G Determination of Frame Size

A-121

H Caffeine Content of Foods

A-123

I Prenatal Weight Gain Chart

A-127

J Sources of Nutrition Information

A-129

K English-Metric Conversions and Metric Units

A-135

Answers to Nutrition Awareness Inventories

NA-1

Answers to Critical Thinking Questions

CT-1

Glossary

G-1

Credits

C-1

Index

I-1

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Perspectives in Nutrition

Perspectives in Nutrition

9780070920781

0070920788

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Perspectives in Nutrition

Perspectives in Nutrition

9780070920781

0070920788

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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