John Hill received his Ph.D. from the University of Arkansas. As an organic chemist, he published more than 50 papers, most of which have an educational bent. In addition to Chemistry for Changing Times, he authored or coauthored several introductory-level chemistry textbooks, all of which have been published in multiple editions. He presented over 60 papers at national conferences, many relating to chemical education. He received several awards for outstanding teaching and was active in the American Chemical Society, both locally and nationally.

Terry McCreary received his Ph.D. in analytical chemistry from Virginia Tech. He has taught chemistry at Murray State University since 1988 and was presented with the Regents Excellence in Teaching Award in 2008. He is a member of the Kentucky Academy of Science and has served as technical editor for the Journal of Pyrotechnics. McCreary is author of several laboratory manuals for general chemistry and analytical chemistry, as well as General Chemistry with John Hill, Ralph Petrucci, and Scott Perry, and Experimental Composite Propellant, a fundamental monograph on the preparation and properties of solid rocket propellant. In his spare time, he designs, builds, and flies rockets with the Tripoli Rocketry Association of which he was elected president in 2010. He also enjoys gardening, machining, woodworking, and astronomy.

Marilyn D. Duerst majored in chemistry, math, and German at St. Olaf College, graduating in 1963 and earned a Master’s Degree from the University of California-Berkeley in 1966. For over five decades her talents in teaching have flourished in every venue imaginable, with students aged 4 to 84, but were focused on non-science majors, preservice and inservice teachers. She taught at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls from 1981 to 2015; in 2006 she was presented with the Outstanding Teaching Award. Now a Distinguished Lecturer in Chemistry, emerita, from UWRF, she is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society, an organization in which she has long been active both locally and nationally, particularly in outreach activities to the public. In 1999, she co-authored a book for children with John W. Hill entitled The Crimecracker Kids and the Bake-shop Break-in. Marilyn is a birder, rockhound and nature photographer, collects sand, minerals and elements, has traveled 4 continents, and studied a dozen languages.

Rill Ann Reuter earned her B.A. in Chemistry from Connecticut College and her M.S. in Biochemistry from Yale University. She worked in academic research laboratories at Yale University, Princeton University, and the University of Massachusetts Medical School for twelve years, with a primary emphasis on nucleic acid research. After moving to Minnesota in 1980, she taught at Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, the College of Saint Teresa, and Winona State University and did research on photosynthesis. She retired from Winona State in 2015 as Professor Emerita of Chemistry. Over the years she has taught large numbers of general chemistry, non-science, and pre-nursing students. She was active in local and regional science fairs for 35 years and is a member of the American Chemical Society. She has a keen interest in history, politics, and classical music.

1 Chemistry

1.1 Science and Technology: The Roots of Knowledge

1.2 Science: Reproducible, Testable, Tentative, Predictive, and Explanatory

1.3 Science and Technology: Risks and Benefit

1.4 Solving Society’s Problems: Scientific Research

1.5 Chemistry: A Study of Matter and Its Changes

1.6 Classification of Matter

1.7 The Measurement of Matter

1.8 Density

1.9 Energy: Heat and Temperature

1.10 Critical Thinking

2 Atoms

2.1 Atoms: Ideas from the Ancient Greeks

2.2 Scientific Laws: Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions

2.3 John Dalton and the Atomic Theory of Matter

2.4 The Mole and Molar Mass

2.5 Mendeleev and the Periodic Table

2.6 Atoms and Molecules: Real and Relevant

3 Atomic Structure

3.1 Electricity and the Atom

3.2 Serendipity in Science: X-Rays and Radioactivity

3.3 Three Types of Radioactivity

3.4 Rutherford’s Experiment: The Nuclear Model of the Atom

3.5 The Atomic Nucleus

3.6 Electron Arrangement: The Bohr Model (Orbits)

3.7 Electron Arrangement: The Quantum Model (Orbitals/Subshells)

3.8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table

4 Chemical Bonds

4.1 The Art of Deduction: Stable Electron Configurations

4.2 Lewis (Electron-Dot) Symbols

4.3 The Reaction of Sodium with Chlorine

4.4 Using Lewis Symbols for Ionic Compounds

4.5 Formulas and Names of Binary Ionic Compounds

4.6 Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs

4.7 Unequal Sharing: Polar Covalent Bonds

4.8 Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and Methane

4.9 Polyatomic Ions

4.10 Guidelines for Drawing Lewis Structures

4.11 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Theory

4.12 Shapes and Properties: Polar and Nonpolar Molecules

5 Chemical Accounting

5.1 Chemical Sentences: Equations

5.2 Volume Relationships in chemical Equations

5.3 Avogadro’s Number and the Names

5.4 Molar Mass: Mole-to-Mass and Mass-to-Mole Conversions

5.5 Solutions

6 Gases, Liquids, Solids…and Intermolecular Forces

6.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

6.2 Comparing Ionic and Molecular Substances

6.3 Forces between Molecules

6.4 Forces in Solutions

6.5 Gases: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory

6.6 The Simple Gas Laws

6.7 The Ideal Gas Law

7 Acids and Bases

7.1 Acids and Bases: Experimental Definitions

7.2 Acids, Bases, and Salts

7.3 Acidic and Basic Anhydrides

7.4 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases

7.5 Neutralization

7.6 The pH Scale

7.7 Buffers and Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

7.8 Acids and Bases in Industry and in Daily Life

8 Oxidation and Reduction

8.1 Oxidation and Reduction: Four Views

8.2 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

8.3 Electrochemistry: Cells and Batteries

8.4 Corrosion and Explosion

8.5 Oxygen: An Abundant and Essential Oxidizing Agent

8.6 Some Common Reducing Agents

8.7 Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things

9 Organic Chemistry

9.1 Organic Chemistry and Compounds

9.2 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

9.3 Aromatic Compounds: Benzene and Its Relatives

9.4 Halogenated Hydrocarbons: Many Uses, Some Hazards

9.5 Functional and Alkyl Groups

9.6 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thiols

9.7 Aldehydes and Ketones

9.8 Carboxylic Acids and Esters

9.9 Nitrogen-Containing Compounds: Amines and Amides

10 Polymers

10.1 Polymerization: Making Big Ones Out of Little Ones

10.2 Polyethylene: From the Battle of Britain to Bread Bags

10.3 Addition Polymerization: One + One + One + … Gives One!

10.4 Rubber and Other Elastomers

10.5 Condensation Polymers

10.6 Properties of Polymers

10.7 Plastics and the Environment

11 Nuclear Chemistry

11.1 Natural Radioactivity

11.2 Nuclear Equations

11.3 Half-Life and Radioisotopic Dating

11.4 Artificial Transmutation

11.5 Uses of Radioisotopes

11.6 Penetrating Power of Radiation

11.7 Energy from the Nucleus

11.8 Nuclear Bombs

11.9 Uses and Consequences of Nuclear Energy

12 Chemistry of Earth

12.1 Spaceship Earth: Structure and Composition

12.2 Silicates and the Shapes of Things

12.3 Carbonates: Caves, Chalk, and Limestone

12.4 Metals and Their Ores

12.5 Salts and “Table Salt”

12.6 Gemstones and Semi-Precious Stones

12.7 Earth’s Dwindling Resources

13 Air

13.1 Earth’s Atmosphere: Divisions and Composition

13.2 Chemistry of the Atmosphere

13.3 Pollution through the Ages

13.4 Automobile Emissions

13.5 Photochemical Smog: Making Haze While the Sun Shines

13.6 Acid Rain: Air Pollution  Water Pollution

13.7 The Inside Story: Indoor Air Pollution

13.8 Stratospheric Ozone: Earth’s Vital Shield

13.9 Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change

13.10 Who Pollutes? Who Pays?

14 Water

14.1 Water: Some Unique Properties

14.2 Water in Nature

14.3 Organic Contamination; Human and Animal Waste

14.4 The World’s Water Crisis

14.5 Tap Water and Government Standards for Drinking Water

14.6 Water Consumption: Who Uses It and How Much?

14.7 Making Water Fit to Drink

14.8 Wastewater Treatment

15 Energy

15.1 Our Sun, a Giant Nuclear Power Plant

15.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions

15.3 Reaction Rates

15.4 The Laws of Thermodynamics

15.5 Fuels and Energy: People, Horses, and Fossils

15.6 Coal: The Carbon Rock of Ages

15.7 Natural Gas and Petroleum

15.8 Convenient Energy

15.9 Nuclear Energy

15.10 Renewable Energy Sources

16 Biochemistry

16.1 Energy and the Living Cell

16.2 Carbohydrates: A Storehouse of Energy

16.3 Carbohydrates in the Diet

16.4 Fats and Other Lipids

16.5 Fats and Cholesterol

16.6 Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids

16.7 Structure and Function of Proteins

16.8 Protein in the Diet

16.9 Nucleic Acids: Parts, Structure, and Function

16.10 RNA: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code

16.11 The Human Genome

17 Nutrition, Fitness, and Health

17.1 Calories: Quality and Quantity

17.2 Minerals

17.3 Vitamins

17.4 Fiber, Electrolytes, and Water

17.5 Food Additives

17.6 Starvation and Malnutrition

17.7 Weight Loss, Diet, and Exercise

17.8 Fitness and Muscle

18 Drugs

18.1 Drugs from Nature and the Laboratory

18.2 Pain Relievers: From Aspirin to Oxycodone

18.3 Drugs and Infectious Diseases

18.4 Chemicals against Cancer

18.5 Hormones: The Regulators

18.6 Drugs for the Heart

18.7 Drugs and the Mind

18.8 Drugs and Society

19 Chemistry Down on the Farm

19.1 Growing Food with Fertilizers

19.2 The War against Pests

19.3 Herbicides and Defoliants

19.4 Sustainable Agriculture

19.5 Looking to the Future: Feeding a Growing, Hungry World

20 Household Chemicals

20.1 Cleaning with Soap

20.2 Synthetic Detergents

20.3 Laundry Auxiliaries: Softeners and Bleaches

20.4 All-Purpose and Special-Purpose Cleaning Products

20.5 Solvents, Paints, and Waxes

20.6 Cosmetics: Personal-Care Chemicals

21 Poisons

21.1 Natural Poisons

21.2 Poisons and How They Act

21.3 More Chemistry of the Nervous System

21.4 The Lethal Dose

21.5 The Liver as a Detox Facility

21.6 Carcinogens and Teratogens

21.7 Hazardous Wastes

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