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Operating Systems : Design and Implementation

by: Tanenbaum, Andrew S; Woodhull, Albert S

Operating Systems : Design and Implementation

by: Tanenbaum, Andrew S; Woodhull, Albert S

ISBN 13:
9780136386773
ISBN 10:
0136386776
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2006
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Summary

Appropriate for introductory courses on computer operating systems. This book offers a unique and carefully integrated combination of principles and practice. While the usual principles are covered in detail, the book also describes a small, but real UNIX-like operating system: MINIX. It shows how it works and illustrates the principles behind it. By using MINIX, students learn principles and then can apply them in hands-on system design projects.

Preface

1 INTRODUCTION

(46)

1.1 WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?

(2)

1.1.1 The Operating System as an Extended Machine

(1)

1.1.2 The Operating System as a Resource Manager

(1)

1.2 HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

(10)

1.2.1 The First Generation (1945-55) Vacuum Tubes and Plugboards

(1)

1.2.2 The Second Generation (1955-65) Transistors and Batch Systems

(2)

1.2.3 The Third Generation (1965-1980): ICs and Multiprogramming

(4)

1.2.4 The Fourth Generation (1980-Present): Personal Computers

(1)

1.2.5 History of MINIX

(2)

1.3 OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS

(6)

1.3.1 Processes

(2)

1.3.2 Files

(3)

1.3.3 The Shell

(1)

1.4 SYSTEM CALLS

(16)

1.4.1 System Calls for Process Management

(4)

1.4.2 System Calls for Signaling

(2)

1.4.3 System Calls for File Management

(5)

1.4.4 System Calls for Directory Management

(2)

1.4.5 System Calls for Protection

(1)

1.4.6 System Calls for Time Management

(1)

1.5 OPERATING SYSTEM STRUCTURE

(7)

1.5.1 Monolithic Systems

(2)

1.5.2 Layered Systems

(1)

1.5.3 Virtual Machines

(2)

1.5.4 Client-Server Model

(2)

1.6 OUTLINE OF THE REST OF THIS BOOK

(1)

1.7 SUMMARY

(3)

2 PROCESSES

(106)

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROCESSES

(10)

2.1.1 The Process Model

(4)

2.1.2 Implementation of Processes

(1)

2.1.3 Threads

(4)

2.2 INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION

(18)

2.2.1 Race Conditions

(1)

2.2.2 Critical Sections

(1)

2.2.3 Mutual Exclusion with Busy Waiting

(4)

2.2.4 Sleep and Wakeup

(3)

2.2.5 Semaphores

(2)

2.2.6 Monitors

(4)

2.2.7 Message Passing

(3)

2.3 CLASSICAL IPC PROBLEMS

(7)

2.3.1 The Dining Philosophers Problem

(2)

2.3.2 The Readers and Writers Problem

(3)

2.3.3 The Sleeping Barber Problem

(2)

2.4 PROCESS SCHEDULING

(11)

2.4.1 Round Robin Scheduling

(1)

2.4.2 Priority Scheduling

(1)

2.4.3 Multiple Queues

(1)

2.4.4 Shortest Job First

(2)

2.4.5 Guaranteed Scheduling

(1)

2.4.6 Lottery Scheduling

(1)

2.4.7 Real-Time Scheduling

(2)

2.4.8 Two-level Scheduling

(1)

2.4.9 Policy versus Mechanism

(1)

2.5 OVERVIEW OF PROCESSES IN MINIX

(5)

2.5.1 The Internal Structure of MINIX

(2)

2.5.2 Process Management in MINIX

(2)

2.5.3 Interprocess Communication in MINIX

(1)

2.5.4 Process Scheduling in MINIX

(1)

2.6 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCESS IN MINIX

(49)

2.6.1 Organization of the MINIX Source Code

(3)

2.6.2 The Common Header Files

102

(5)

2.6.3 The MINIX Header Files

107

(5)

2.6.4 Process Data Structures and Header Files

112

(8)

2.6.5 Bootstrapping MINIX

120

(2)

2.6.6 System Initialization

122

(6)

2.6.7 Interrupt Handling in MINIX

128

(9)

2.6.8 Interprocess Communication in MINIX

137

(3)

2.6.9 Scheduling in MINIX

140

(2)

2.6.10 Hardware-Dependent Kernel Support

142

(3)

2.6.11 Utilities and the Kernel Library

145

(2)

2.7 SUMMARY

147

(6)

3 INPUT/OUTPUT

153

(256)

3.1 PRINCIPLES OF I/O HARDWARE

154

(5)

3.1.1 I/O Devices

154

(1)

3.1.2 Device Controllers

155

(2)

3.1.3 Direct Memory Access (DMA)

157

(2)

3.2 PRINCIPLES OF I/O SOFTWARE

159

(7)

3.2.1 Goals of the I/O Software

159

(2)

3.2.2 Interrupt Handlers

161

(1)

3.2.3 Device Drivers

161

(1)

3.2.4 Device-Independent I/O Software

162

(2)

3.2.5 User-Space I/O Software

164

(2)

3.3 DEADLOCKS

166

(13)

3.3.1 Resources

167

(1)

3.3.2 Principles of Deadlock

168

(2)

3.3.3 The Ostrich Algorithm

170

(2)

3.3.4 Detection and Recovery

172

(1)

3.3.5 Deadlock Prevention

173

(2)

3.3.6 Deadlock Avoidance

175

(4)

3.4 OVERVIEW OF I/O IN MINIX

179

(8)

3.4.1 Interrupt Handlers in MINIX

180

(1)

3.4.2 Device Drivers in MINIX

181

(4)

3.4.3 Device-Independent I/O Software in MINIX

185

(1)

3.4.4 User-level I/O Software in MINIX

185

(1)

3.4.5 Deadlock Handling in MINIX

186

(1)

3.5 BLOCK DEVICES IN MINIX

187

(8)

3.5.1 Overview of Block Device Drivers in MINIX

187

(3)

3.5.2 Common Block Device Driver Software

190

(3)

3.5.3 The Driver Library

193

(2)

3.6 RAM DISKS

195

(5)

3.6.1 RAM Disk Hardware and Software

196

(1)

3.6.2 Overview of the RAM Disk Driver in MINIX

197

(1)

3.6.3 Implementation of the RAM Disk Driver in MINIX

198

(2)

3.7 DISKS

200

(22)

3.7.1 Disk Hardware

200

(2)

3.7.2 Disk Software

202

(6)

3.7.3 Overview of the Hard Disk Driver in MINIX

208

(3)

3.7.4 Impelmentation of the Hard Disk Driver in MINIX

211

(9)

3.7.5 Floppy Disk Handling

220

(2)

3.8 CLOCKS

222

(13)

3.8.1 Clock Hardware

223

(1)

3.8.2 Clock Software

224

(3)

3.8.3 Overview of the Clock Driver in MINIX

227

(3)

3.8.4 Implementation of the Clock Driver in MINIX

230

(5)

3.9 TERMINALS

235

(61)

3.9.1 Terminal Hardware

235

(5)

3.9.2 Terminal Software

240

(9)

3.9.3 Overview of the Terminal Driver in MINIX

249

(15)

3.9.4 Impelmentation of the Device-Independent Terminal Driver

264

(18)

3.9.5 Implementation of the Keyboard Driver

282

(6)

3.9.6 Implementation of the Display Driver

288

(8)

3.10 THE SYSTEM TASK IN MINIX

296

(8)

3.11 SUMMARY

304

(5)

4 MEMORY MANAGEMENT

309

(92)

4.1 BASIC MEMORY MANAGEMENT

310

(3)

4.1.1 Monoprogramming without Swapping or Paging

310

(1)

4.1.2 Multiprogramming with Fixed Partitions

311

(2)

4.2 SWAPPING

313

(6)

4.2.1 Memory Management with Bit Maps

316

(1)

4.2.2 Memory Management with Linked Lists

317

(2)

4.3 VIRTUAL MEMORY

319

(12)

4.3.1 Paging

319

(3)

4.3.2 Page Tables

322

(5)

4.3.3 TLBs-Translation Lookaside Buffers

327

(3)

4.3.4 Inverted Page Tables

330

(1)

4.4 PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHMS

331

(7)

4.4.1 The Optimal Page Replacement Algorithm

331

(1)

4.4.2 The Non-Recently-Used Page Replacement Algorithm

332

(1)

4.4.3 The First-In, First-Out (FIFO) Page Replacement Algorithm

333

(1)

4.4.4 The Second Chance Page Replacement Algorithm

333

(1)

4.4.5 The Clock Page Replacement Algorithm

334

(1)

4.4.6 The Least Recently Used (LRU) Page Replacement Algorithm

334

(2)

4.4.7 Simulating LRU in Software

336

(2)

4.5 DESIGN ISSUES FOR PAGING SYSTEMS

338

(5)

4.5.1 The Working Set Model

338

(1)

4.5.2 Local versus Global Allocation Policies

339

(2)

4.5.3 Page Size

341

(2)

4.5.4 Virtual Memory Interface

343

(1)

4.6 SEGMENTATION

343

(13)

4.6.1 Implementation of Pure Segmentation

347

(1)

4.6.2 Segmentation with Paging: MULTICS

348

(4)

4.6.3 Segmentation with Paging: The Intel Pentium

352

(4)

4.7 OVERVIEW OF MEMORY MANAGEMENT IN MINIX

356

(23)

4.7.1 Memory Layout

358

(3)

4.7.2 Message Handling

361

(2)

4.7.3 Memory Manager Data Structures and Algorithms

363

(4)

4.7.4 The FORK, EXIT, and, WAIT System Calls

367

(1)

4.7.5 The EXEC System Call

368

(3)

4.7.6 The BRK System Call

371

(1)

4.7.7 Signal Handling

372

(6)

4.7.8 Other System Calls

378

(1)

4.8 IMPLEMENTATION OF MEMORY MANAGEMENT IN MINIX

379

(17)

4.8.1 The Header Files and Data Structures

379

(3)

4.8.2 The Main Program

382

(1)

4.8.3 Implementation of FORK, EXIT, and WAIT

382

(3)

4.8.4 Implementation of EXEC

385

(1)

4.8.5 Implementation of BRK

386

(1)

4.8.6 Implementation of Signal Handling

387

(6)

4.8.7 Implementation of the Other System Calls

393

(1)

4.8.8 Memory Manager Utilities

394

(2)

4.9 SUMMARY

396

(5)

5 FILE SYSTEMS

401

(106)

5.1 FILES

402

(8)

5.1.1 File Naming

402

(2)

5.1.2 File Structure

404

(1)

5.1.3 File Types

405

(2)

5.1.4 File Access

407

(1)

5.1.5 File Attributes

408

(1)

5.1.6 File Operations

409

(1)

5.2 DIRECTORIES

410

(5)

5.2.1 Hierarchical Directory Systems

411

(1)

5.2.2 Path Names

412

(2)

5.2.3 Directory Operators

414

(1)

5.3 FILE SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

415

(19)

5.3.1 Implementing Files

415

(4)

5.3.2 Implementing Directories

419

(3)

5.3.3 Disk Space Management

422

(2)

5.3.4 File System Reliability

424

(5)

5.3.5 File System Performance

429

(3)

5.3.6 Log-Structured File Systems

432

(2)

5.4 SECURITY

434

(12)

5.4.1 The Security Environment

434

(2)

5.4.2 Famous Security Flaws

436

(3)

5.4.3 Generic Security Attacks

439

(2)

5.4.4 Design Principles for Security

441

(1)

5.4.5 User Authentication

442

(4)

5.5 PROTECTION MECHANISMS

446

(7)

5.5.1 Protection Domains

446

(2)

5.5.2 Access Control Lists

448

(2)

5.5.3 Capabilities

450

(1)

5.5.4 Covert Channels

451

(2)

5.6 OVERVIEW OF THE MINIX FILE SYSTEM

453

(17)

5.6.1 Messages

454

(1)

5.6.2 File System Layout

454

(4)

5.6.3 Bit Maps

458

(2)

5.6.4 I-nodes

460

(1)

5.6.5 The Block Cache

461

(2)

5.6.6 Directories and Paths

463

(2)

5.6.7 File Descriptors

465

(2)

5.6.8 File Locking

467

(1)

5.6.9 Pipes and Special Files

467

(2)

5.6.10 An Example: The READ System Call

469

(1)

5.7 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MINIX FILE SYSTEM

470

(33)

5.7.1 Header Files and Global Data Structures

470

(4)

5.7.2 Table Management

474

(8)

5.7.3 The Main Program

482

(3)

5.7.4 Operations on Individual Files

485

(8)

5.7.5 Directories and Paths

493

(5)

5.7.6 Other System Calls

498

(3)

5.7.7 The I/O Device Interface

501

(2)

5.7.8 General Utilities

503

(1)

5.8 SUMMARY

503

(4)

6 READING LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

507

(14)

6.1 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

507

(5)

6.1.1 Introduction and General Works

507

(2)

6.1.2 Processes

509

(1)

6.1.3 Input/Out

510

(1)

6.1.4 Memory Management

511

(1)

6.1.5 File Systems

511

(1)

6.2 ALPHABETICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

512

(9)

APPENDICES

521

(404)

A MINIX SOURCE CODE LISTING

521

(384)

B INDEX TO FILES

905

(4)

C INDEX TO SYMBOLS

909

(16)

INDEX

925

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Operating Systems : Design and Implementation

Operating Systems : Design and Implementation

9780136386773

0136386776

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Operating Systems : Design and Implementation

Operating Systems : Design and Implementation

9780136386773

0136386776

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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