This book constitutes the first step towards a comprehensive picture of nonequilibrium phenomena at the mesoscopic scales. As such, it provides an introduction to scientists and engineers in nano-and biotechnologies, from both the fundamental and applied standpoints. Written by internationally recognized experts in the field, the topics cover a wide range, striking a healthy balance between theory and experiment. These include in-depth introductions to nonequilibrium fluctuation relations, nonlinear dynamics and transport, molecular diffusion in nanopores, and single molecule experiments in nano- and biosystems. The book also goes on to explore the application of these concepts to nano-systems and cross-links to further topics in nonequilibrium statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics.