Rent 9780321088819 | National Security for a New ERA : Globalization and Geopolitics

Summary Table of Contents

This accessible and stimulating new book from renowned security scholar Donald Snow examines the United States' national security situation today and what policies the U.S. should adopt to confront it. National Security for a New Era is the first comprehensive examination of American national security policy since the events of 9/11 galvanized change. It starts from the premise that there have been two fundamental fault lines in national security policy over the past 15 years, the end of the Cold War and the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Each transformed security policy: the end of the Cold War ushered in the era of globalization for the 1990s, and 9/11 initiated a shift to a more traditional geopolitical view of the world for the early 2000s. The text attempts to place these traumatic events into the context of the prior American experience of the Cold War, traditional concerns over American interests, politics, and military problems, and to extend that experience into the future. Asymmetrical warfare, the Iraq war precedent, the neo-conservative challenge, state building, and the future reconciliation of globalization and geopolitics are all examined.

Preface

Introduction: Framing the Problem of National Security

(1)

The Nature of Change

(7)

How Much Has Changed?

... MORE

(2)

New Dynamics in the Environment

(5)

Globalization and Geopolitics

(2)

Conclusions: Quo Vadis?

(1)

Selected Bibliography

(1)

PART I THE CONTEXT

(140)

Fault Lines: World Politics in a New Millennium

(30)

The First Fault Line: The World after the Cold War

(8)

Undeniable Benefits

(2)

Debatable Changes

(4)

The Second Fault Line: The World after September 11

(5)

Amplification 1.1: The Rules of War: Who is a POW?

(1)

The Nature of the System: A World of Tiers

(6)

The First Tier

(3)

The Second Tier

(2)

Intersecting the Tiers

(1)

Dynamics of the New System: Globalization and/or Geopolitics

(2)

Amplification 1.2: System Changes and Continuity, 1900 and 2000

(1)

The American Role in the New World System

(3)

Conclusion: The Continuing Role of Force

(1)

Selected Bibliography

(2)

Geopolitics: America and the Realist Paradigm

(26)

Realism and the Realist Paradigm

(1)

Basic Concepts and Relationships

(10)

Sovereignty

(1)

Vital Interests

(2)

Amplification 2.1: Finding the Boundary between Vital and Less-Than-Vital Interests

(1)

Power Politics

(1)

Challenge!: Justifying the U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan

(2)

Amplification 2.2: Measuring Power

(2)

Paradigm Summary

(1)

Critiques and Anomalies of the Realist Paradigm

(8)

Critiques

(1)

Amplification 2.3: The Limits of Power: Dealing with Saddam

(4)

Anomalies

(2)

Conclusion: The Realist Paradigm Today

(2)

Selected Bibliography

(1)

The American Experience

(22)

Conditioning Factors in the American Tradition

(5)

American Ahistoricism

(2)

Accident of Geography

(1)

Amplification 3.1: Dealing with Dependence on Persian Gulf Oil

(1)

The Anglo-Saxon Heritage

(1)

Evolution of the American Experience

(1)

The Formative Period: 1789--1945

(6)

Antimilitary Bias

(1)

The Citizen-Soldier

(1)

The Myth of Invincibility

(1)

Mobilization and Demobilization

(1)

Amplification 3.2: Readiness and Pearl Harbor

(1)

Total War Preference

(2)

The Cold War: 1945--89

(5)

The Role of the Media

(2)

Amplification 3.3: The Media and the Persian Gulf War

(1)

The Impact of Democratic Institutions

(1)

Conclusion: The Contemporary Period: 1989-Present

(3)

Challenge!: How Much Has Changed?

(1)

Selected Bibliography

(1)

The Nature and End of the Cold War

(30)

The Cold War System

(7)

Characteristics

(2)

Amplification 4.1: Better Dead than Red? Better Red than Dead?

(1)

Sources of Change

100

(2)

Forms of Military Competition

102

(7)

Conventional Forces

104

(2)

Nuclear Forces

106

(2)

Amplification 4.2: The Capitalist Bomb

108

(1)

Deadlock of the Competition

109

(6)

The Economic Dimension

110

(1)

The Military Dimension

111

(1)

Convergence

112

(3)

Cold War Residues

115

(6)

Russia and the Successor States

115

(2)

Amplification 4.3: Chechnya and the Pipeline

117

(1)

The European Security Problem

118

(1)

Challenge!: The Former Soviet Union and the War on Terrorism

119

(2)

Conclusion: The End of the Cold War in Perspective

121

(1)

Selected Bibliography

122

(1)

The Rise of Globalization

123

(30)

The Bretton Woods System, 1945--71

125

(8)

The Setting

125

(2)

The Bretton Woods Institutions

127

(2)

Amplification 5.1: The ITO and the Anti-Free Traders

129

(2)

The Breakdown of Bretton Woods

131

(2)

The Transitional Period, 1971--90

133

(5)

American Decline

134

(1)

Amplification 5.2: The Declinist Thesis

135

(1)

American Revival

136

(2)

The Globalizing Economy, 1990--Present

138

(12)

Characteristics and Values

139

(4)

The Mechanics of Globalization

143

(1)

Challenge!: How Important Are Balanced Budgets and Free Trade?

144

(3)

Barriers to Globalization

147

(1)

Amplification 5.3: The Rejectionists

148

(2)

Conclusion: Globalization and American Security

150

(1)

Selected Bibliography

151

(2)

PART II THE CHANGING WORLD

153

(88)

Security, Interests, and Power

155

(26)

Thinking about Security

156

(10)

Military and Nonmilitary Elements of Security

157

(2)

Challenge!: Defining Terrorism as a Security Threat

159

(2)

Amplification 6.1: Israel, Syria, the Golan Heights, and Water

161

(1)

Levels of Security

162

(3)

Changing Concepts of Security

165

(1)

Thinking about Interests

166

(8)

Levels of Interests

166

(4)

Security and Interests in the Contemporary Environment

170

(3)

Amplification 6.2: Should the United States Be in Kosovo?

173

(1)

Applying Instruments of Power

174

(4)

Using the Instruments

174

(2)

The Contemporary Balance of Instruments of Power

176

(2)

Conclusion: The Changing Nature of Influence

178

(1)

Selected Bibliography

179

(2)

The Foreign and Domestic Environments

181

(31)

Competing Images of the International Environment

183

(5)

Kaplan: The Coming Anarchy

183

(2)

Friedman: Globalization

185

(2)

Reconciling Worldviews

187

(1)

The Impact of Domestic Politics

188

(14)

The Executive Branch

190

(2)

Amplification 7.1: The President, the Constitution, and National Security

192

(4)

The Congress

196

(2)

Amplification 7.2: The Congress, the Constitution, and National Security

198

(4)

Applications: Responding to the Environment

202

(8)

The Department of Homeland Security

202

(2)

Military Manpower

204

(2)

Military Reform and the QDR

206

(1)

Challenge!: Military Service after September 11, 2001

207

(2)

Amplification 7.3: The Goldwater-Nichols Act

209

(1)

Conclusion: The Environment since September 11, 2001

210

(1)

Selected Bibliography

211

(1)

Traditional Military Problems

212

(29)

Nuclear Forces and Deterrence

214

(13)

Seminal Events of the Nuclear Age

214

(4)

The Nature of the Competition

218

(1)

Theories of Deterrence

219

(4)

Nuclear Residues

223

(2)

Amplification 8.1: The Chinese Threat

225

(2)

Conventional Forces and the Future

227

(9)

Challenge!: Taking Out Saddam

228

(1)

Traditional Roles

229

(2)

Military Reform

231

(1)

Amplification 8.2: Light and Heavy Forces?

232

(1)

Force Modernization and the 2001 QDR

233

(3)

Conclusion: The Continuing Relevance of the Traditional Forces

236

(3)

Amplification 8.3: Creighton Abrams and the Role of the Reserves

237

(2)

Selected Bibliography

239

(2)

PART III NEW CHALLENGES

241

(118)

The ``New Kind of War''

243

(26)

Symmetrical and Asymmetrical War

246

(11)

Evolution of Asymmetrical Warfare

247

(2)

Amplification 9.1: Sun Tzu on Asymmetrical Warfare

249

(1)

The Contemporary Setting

250

(7)

Asymmetrical Futures?

257

(9)

Fourth-Generation Warfare

257

(4)

New Internal Wars

261

(2)

Amplification 9.2: The ``Battle'' for Sierra Leone

263

(3)

Conclusion: New Form or New Face of War?

266

(1)

Challenge!: Is There a New Kind of War?

267

(1)

Selected Bibliography

267

(2)

Nontraditional and Other Security Threats

269

(33)

Regional Conflicts

270

(12)

The Israeli--Palestinian Conflict

272

(5)

The Indian--Pakistani Conflict

277

(5)

Terrorism

282

(13)

Challenge!: Dealing with Irresolvable Differences

283

(1)

Characteristics of Terrorism

284

(5)

Amplification 10.1: Schools for Terrorists: The Madrassas System

289

(1)

Dealing with Terrorism

290

(3)

Terrorism and National Security

293

(2)

Amplification 10.2: Should Force Be Used to Root Out Terrorism?

295

(1)

The Problem of Drugs

295

(4)

Drugs as a Security Problem

296

(1)

The War on Drugs

296

(2)

Ongoing Problems

298

(1)

Conclusion: Expanded Roles and Means

299

(1)

Selected Bibliography

300

(2)

Peacekeeping and State--Building: The New Dilemma

302

(30)

Failed and Failing States: The Context

305

(8)

What is a Failed State?

306

(2)

Amplification 11.1: Indonesia as a Potentially Failing State

308

(3)

Failed States and National Security

311

(2)

Concepts and Forms of Intervention

313

(15)

Basic Distinctions

314

(3)

Peacekeeping

317

(2)

State-Building

319

(1)

Amplification 11.2: The Talk-Shoot Relationship in Peacekeeping

320

(6)

Amplification 11.3: KFOR and UNMIK

326

(2)

Conclusion: The New World Order?

328

(2)

Challenge!: What Should We Do in Afghanistan?

329

(1)

Selected Bibliography

330

(2)

The Geopolitics of Globalization

332

(27)

Globalization as a Geopolitical Phenomenon

333

(8)

Globalization and the American Decade of the 1990s

335

(1)

Amplification 12.1: China, Taiwan, Guns, and Butter

336

(2)

Challenges to American Leadership from the 1990s

338

(1)

Amplification 12.2: The S&L and Corporate Scandals

339

(2)

The Impact of September 11, 2001

341

(13)

Globalization and Terrorism

341

(2)

Short-Term Incompatibilities

343

(5)

Long-Term Compatibilities

348

(2)

Amplification 12.3: The Israeli Campaign against Palestinian ``Terrorism''

350

(1)

The Case of Afghanistan

351

(3)

Conclusion: Reconciling Globalization and Terrorism

354

(2)

Challenge!: Will Globalization Really Work?

356

(1)

Selected Bibliography

356

(3)

PART IV THE FUTURE

359

(24)

Globalization and Geopolitics

361

(22)

The Future of Geopolitics and National Security

363

(6)

Amplification 13.1: The SECDEF on Future Force

364

(5)

The Future of Globalization

369

(4)

Where Globalization and Geopolitics Meet

373

(4)

Amplification 13.2: Friedman and Kaplan Reprised

374

(3)

Conclusion: What Makes Us Secure? What Makes Us Prosperous?

377

(3)

Challenge!: Visions of the Violent Future

380

(1)

Selected Bibliography

380

(3)

Index

383

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National Security for a New ERA : Globalization and Geopolitics

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