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by: Aaron, Jane E.

ISBN: 9780205779543 | 0205779549

LB Briefoffers the authority and currency of its best-selling parent,The Little, Brown Handbook,in two briefer, spiral-bound formats (one with tabs and one without tabs) at affordable prices. As in its previous edition,LB Briefprovides students of varying skills and interests with clear, reliable, and accessible explanations of handbook basicsthe writing process, grammar and usage, and research writing. The Fourth Edition builds on the handbookrs"s usefulness with four main emphases: (1)reading and writing across the curriculum,including an exp... MOREanded chapter on academic writing, showing students how to write in response to texts, and more coverage of argument, with information on how to handle opposing views and strengthen an ethical appeal; (2)research writing,including expanded discussions on how to find and evaluate print and Web sources, and a new research-paper-in-progress; (3)up-to-date documentation guidelines, including the most recent revisions to MLA and APA documentation styles, with numerous models of new media in each style and new annotated sample sources; (4)more writing process instruction, including a new student work-in-progress and new discussions of voice in writing. Concise and easy to use,LB Briefhelps writing students find what they need and then use what they find.

Preface for Students  

Preface for Instructors 

 

Part 1: WRITING PROCESS

 

1          The Writing Situation 

            a          Analysis

... MORE            b          Subject

            c          Purpose

            d          Audience

2          Invention  

            a          Journal keeping

            b          Observing

            c          Freewriting

            d          Brainstorming

            e          Drawing ideas

            f           Asking questions

3          Thesis and Organization   

            a          Thesis statement

            b          Organization

                        sample essay

4          Drafting  

            a          Starting

            b          Maintaining momentum

            c          Sample first draft

5          Revising and Editing  

            a          Revising the whole essay

            b          Sample revision

            c          Editing

            d          Formatting; proofreading

            e          sample final draft

            f           Collaborating

            g          Preparing a writing portfolio

6          Paragraphs  

            a          Unity around a central idea

            b          Coherence

            c          Development

            d          Introductions; conclusions

            e          Linking paragraphs

7          Document Design  

            a          Academic papers

            b          Principles of design

            c          Elements of design

            d          Illustrations

            e          Writing online

            f           Readers with vision loss

 

Part 2: WRITING IN AND OUT OF COLLEGE

 

8          Critical Thinking and Reading  

            a          Critical reading

            b          Critical response

            c          Critically viewing images

9          Academic Writing  

            a          Responding to texts

            b          Purpose

            c          Audience

            d          Structure and content

            e          Language

            f           sample critique

10        Writing Arguments  

            a          Elements of argument

            b          Writing reasonably

            c          Organizing an argument

            d          Sample Argument

11        Reading and Writing About Literature 

            a          Writing while reading

            b          Critical reading

            c          Sample Analysis

12        Essay Examinations  

            a          Preparing

            b          Planning

            c          Starting

            d          Developing

            e          Rereading

13        Public Writing  

            a          Business letters and résumés

                        sample letter and resumes

            b          Memos

            c          E-mail

                        sample memo and email

            c          Community work

                        sample newsletter

14        Making Oral Presentations    

            a          Purpose and audience

            b          Organization

            c          Delivery

                        sample PowerPoint slides

           

Part 3: CLARITY AND STYLE

 

15        Emphasis    

            a          Effective subjects and verbs

            b          Sentence beginnings and endings

            c          Coordination

            d          Subordination

16        Parallelism    

            a          With and, but, or, nor, yet

            b          With both . . . and, not . . . but, etc.

            c          In comparisons

            d          With lists, headings, and outlines

17        Variety and Details    

            a          Sentence length

            b          Sentence structure

            c          Details

18        Appropriate and Exact Language    

            A         Appropriate language

            b          Exact language

19        Completeness    

            a          Compounds

            b          Needed words

20        Conciseness    

            a          Focusing on subject and verb

            b          Cutting empty words

            c          Cutting repetition

            d          Reducing clauses and phrases

            e          Revising there is, here is, it is

            f           Combining sentences

            g          Rewriting jargon

 

Part 4: SENTENCE PARTS AND PATTERNS

 

            BASIC GRAMMAR

21        Parts of Speech    

22        The Sentence    

23        Phrases and Subordinate Clauses    

24        Sentence Types    

 

                VERBS

25        Forms    

            a          Sing/sang/sung and other irregular verbs

            b          Sit/set, lie/lay, rise/raise

            c          -s and -ed forms

            d          Be, have, and other helping verbs

            e          Verb + gerund or infinitive: stop eating vs. stop to eat

            f           Verb + participle: look up, look over, etc.

26        Tense    

            a          Present tense: sing

            b          Perfect tenses: have/had/will have sung

            c          Progressive tenses: is/was/will be singing

            d          Consistency

            e          Sequence

27        Mood    

            a          Subjunctive: I wish I were

            b          Consistency

28        Voice    

            a          She wrote it (active) vs. It was written (passive)

            b          Consistency

29        Subject-Verb Agreement    

            a          -s and -es endings

            b          Intervening words

            c          Subjects with and

            d          Subjects with or or nor

            e          Everyone and other indefinite pronouns

            f           Team and other collective nouns

            g          Who, which, that

            h          News and other singular nouns ending in -s

            i           Verb preceding subject

            j           Is, are, and other linking verbs

            k          Titles and words being defined

 

            PRONOUNS

30        Case    

            a          She and I vs. her and me

            b          It was she vs. It was her

            c          Who vs. whom

            d          Other constructions

31        Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement  

            a          Antecedents with and

            b          Antecedents with or or nor

            c          Everyone, person, and other indefinite words

            d          Team and other collective nouns

32        Pronoun Reference    

            a          Clear reference

            b          Close reference

            c          Specific reference

            d          'Definite it and they

            e          Appropriate you

            f           Consistency

 

            MODIFIERS

33        Adjectives and Adverbs    

            a          Adjective vs. adverb

            b          Adjective with linking verb: felt bad

            c          Bigger, most talented, and other comparisons

            d          Double negatives

            e          Present and past participles: boring vs. bored

            f           A, an, the and other determiners

34        Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers    

            a          Misplaced modifiers

            b          Dangling modifiers

 

            SENTENCE FAULTS

35        Fragments    

            a          Tests

            b          Revision

            c          Acceptable fragments

36        Comma Splices and Fused Sentences    

            a          Main clauses without and, but, etc.

            b          Main clauses with however, for example, etc.

37        Mixed Sentences    

            a          Reason is because and other mixed meanings

            b          Tangled grammar

            c          Repeated subjects and other parts

 

Part 5: PUNCTUATION

 

38        End Punctuation    

            a          Period

            b          Question mark

            c          Exclamation point

39        Comma    

            a          Main clauses with and, but, etc.

            b          Introductory elements

            c          Nonessential elements

            d          Items in a series

            e          Two or more adjectives

            f           Dates, addresses, place names, numbers

            g          With quotations

            h          Misuses 

40        Semicolon    

            a          Main clauses without and, but, etc.

            b          Main clauses with however, for example, etc.

            c          Main clauses or series items with commas

            d          Misuses   

41        Colon    

            a          Concluding explanation, series, etc.

            b          Salutation; title and subtitle; time

            c          Misuses

42        Apostrophe    

            a          Possession

            b          Misuses

            c          Contractions

            d          Plural abbreviations, etc.

43        Quotations Marks    

            a          Direct quotations

            b          Within quotations

            c          Titles of works

            d          Words used in a special sense

            e          Misuses

            f           With other punctuation

44        Other Marks    

            a          Dash or dashes

            b          Parentheses

            c          Ellipsis mark

            d          Brackets

            e          Slash

 

Part 6: SPELLING AND MECHANICS

 

45        Spelling and the Hyphen     

46        Capital Letters    

47        Italics or Underlining  

48        Abbreviations    

49        Numbers    

 

Part 7: RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION

 

50        Research Strategy    

            a          Planning

            b          Research journal

            c          Researchable subject and question

            d          Goals for sources

            e          Working, annotated bibliography

51        Finding Sources    

            a          Your library’s Web site

            b          Searching electronically

            c          Reference works

            d          Books

            e          Periodicals

            f           The Web

            g          Other online sources

            h          Government publications

            i           Images, audio, video

            j           Your own sources

52        Working with Sources    

            a          Evaluating sources

            b          Synthesizing sources

            c          Gathering information

            d          Using summary, paraphrase, quotation

            e          Integrating sources

53        Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources    

            a          Plagiarism on the Internet

            b          What not to acknowledge

            c          What must be acknowledged

            d          Online sources

            e          Documenting sources

54        Writing the Paper    

            a          Focusing and organizing

            b          Drafting, revising, and formatting

55        MLA Documentation and Format    
            a          Parenthetical text citations

            b          List of works cited

            c          Format of paper

            d          Sample MLA Paper    

56        APA Documentation and Format    

            a          Parenthetical text citations

            b          List of  references

            c          Format of paper

            d          Sample APA Paper    

 

Glossary of Usage       

Answers to Selected Exercises 

Index