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Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy : A Lifespan Perspective

ISBN: 9780131706811 | 0131706810
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2007

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SummaryTable of Contents
Written to explore the lives and potential counseling problems of African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, European American, and Native American populations, this book considers the powerful influences of a client's developmental stage and cultural background. It maintains that integrating multicultural and lifespan considerations are crucial to counseling effectiveness. The authors advocate an understanding of individual differences-cultural, ethnic, racial, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic, and individual-in order for co... MORE
PART I Overview
1(80)
Introduction to Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
3(30)
... MORE
Clients: Today and in the Future
4(2)
African Americans
5(1)
American Indians
5(1)
Asian Americans
5(1)
European Americans
5(1)
Hispanic Americans
6(1)
Understanding Diversity Among Clients in a Pluralistic Society
6(11)
Culture, Subculture, and Intraculture
6(1)
Race
7(1)
Ethnicity
7(1)
Worldview
8(1)
Social Class
8(4)
Generational Differences
12(1)
Gender
12(1)
Gender Perspectives 1.1: Immigrant Women and Counseling
13(1)
Sexual Orientation
13(1)
A Focus on Research 1.1: Contributions of Multicultural Counseling to Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients
14(1)
A Focus on Research 1.2: Information and Attitude Exploration
14(1)
Disabilities
15(2)
Lifespan Development
Counseling and Psychotherapy in a Multicultural Society
17(11)
A Brief Historical Overview of Multicultural Counseling
17(1)
Definitions
18(1)
Research Directions
19(1)
Counseling and Culture
19(1)
Counseling and Counselor's Identity
20(1)
Professional Status, Growth, and Progress
21(1)
Resources and Guidelines
21(1)
Ethics
22(1)
A Focus on Research 1.3: Multicultural Counseling and Ethical Practices
22(1)
Challenges and Barriers
23(5)
Value of Understanding a Client's Developmental Stage
28(1)
Counseling Intervention: Cultural Considerations
28(3)
Individual and Group Therapy
28(1)
A Focus on Research 1.4: Group Work Issues
29(1)
Marriage and Family
30(1)
A Focus on Research 1.5: Culturally Effective Family-Based Research Programs
30(1)
A Point of Departure
31(1)
Challenges Confronting Counselors in Multicultural Settings
31(1)
Summary
31(1)
Suggested Readings
31(2)
Identity Development and Models
33(23)
Understanding Identity
34(4)
Culture and Identity
34(1)
Development and Identity
35(1)
Gender and Identity
35(1)
Gender Perspectives 2.1: The Lives of Women with Severe Work Disabilities
36(1)
Prejudice and Identity
36(1)
A Focus on Research 2.1: White Racial Identity and Racism
37(1)
Individualism and Identity
38(1)
The Counselor's Identity: Developing Self-Awareness
38(2)
Self-Awareness
38(1)
Awareness of One's Culture and Sensitivity to One's Cultural Heritage
39(1)
Awareness and Attitudes, Values, and Biases About Psychological Processes
40(1)
The Ponterotto Model---The White Counselor's Identity
40(1)
Identity Development Models
41(13)
Minority Racial/Cultural Identity Model
41(2)
Biracial Identity Development Model
43(1)
A Focus on Research 2.2: African Americans' Racial Identity and Socially Desirable Responding
44(1)
White Racial Identity Attitude Theory (WRIAT) Model
45(1)
Biracial Identity Model
46(1)
Asian Identity Model
47(1)
A Focus on Research 2.3: Pilipino American Identity Development Model
48(1)
Hispanic Identity Model
49(1)
Feminist Identity Model
50(2)
Lesbian/Gay Identity Development Model
52(1)
Multicultural Identity Model
52(2)
Multiple Dimensions of Identity
Addressing Identity-Related Difficulties and Hurdles
54(1)
Achieving Objectivity
54(1)
Avoiding Western Identity Perspectives of Individualism
54(1)
A Point of Departure
54(1)
Challenges Confronting Counselors in Multicultural Settings
54(1)
Summary
55(1)
Suggested Readings
55(1)
The Culturally Effective Counselor
56(25)
Cultural Diversity and the Counseling Profession
57(5)
Minority Counseling Professionals
57(1)
Barriers to Effective Multicultural Counseling
58(1)
A Focus on Research 3.1: Supervision in Bilingual Counseling
59(3)
Worldviews: Assessment Approaches
62(1)
Culturally Effective Counselors
63(7)
Awareness of Self
63(1)
Multicultural Counseling Competencies
64(6)
Ethics in Multicultural Counseling
70(6)
1995 ACA Code of Ethics
70(2)
A Focus on Research 3.2: Ethical Dilemmas in Multicultural Counseling
72(1)
Professional Training and Preparation
73(2)
Gender Perspectives 3.1: Feminism and Feminist Therapy
75(1)
Cross-Cultural Counseling Supervision
75(1)
Training and Preparation Issues
76(3)
A Focus on Research 3.3: School Counselors as Developmental Advocates
77(1)
Counselor Self-Development
78(1)
A Point of Departure
79(1)
Challenges Confronting Effective Counselors
79(1)
Summary
79(1)
Suggested Readings
79(2)
PART II Understanding and Counseling Clients in Multicultural Settings and Throughout the Lifespan
81(304)
Multicultural Human Growth and Development
83(26)
A Focus on Research 4.1: Diversity and Human Development
84(4)
Prenatal and Infancy Stages
88(2)
Crucial Periods
88(1)
Multicultural Differences
89(1)
Children
90(4)
Childhood Years: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
90(1)
Multicultural Differences
91(1)
Child Development
91(1)
Gender Differences
92(1)
Self-Concept
92(1)
Stress
93(1)
Adolescents
94(3)
Adolescent Years: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
94(1)
Multicultural Differences
94(1)
Adolescent Identity
94(1)
Gender Differences
95(1)
Self-Concept
95(1)
Adolescents Who Are at Risk
96(1)
Adults
97(4)
Adulthood Years: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
97(1)
Adult Development
97(1)
Gender Perspectives 4.1: Midlife and Beyond: Issues for Aging Women
98(1)
Gender Differences
98(1)
Concerns and Tasks of Adulthood
99(1)
Stress and Stress-Related Illnesses
100(1)
Early Adulthood and Middle Adulthood
100(1)
Racial Identity and Self-Esteem
101(1)
The Elderly
101(6)
Elderly Years: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
101(2)
A Focus on Research 4.2: Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Elders: Needs and Concerns
103(1)
Elderly Development
103(1)
Gender Differences
104(1)
Health Problems and Concerns of the Elderly
104(1)
A Focus on Research 4.3: Trauma, Support, and Satisfaction Among Older Adults
105(2)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors
107(1)
Summary
107(1)
Suggested Readings
108(1)
Understanding African American Clients
109(26)
African Americans: Demographics
110(2)
African American Children
112(4)
Social and Cultural Description
112(1)
Communication
113(1)
Families
114(1)
A Focus on Research 5.1: Resilience and African American Children
114(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting African American Children
115(1)
Up Close and Personal 5.1: Carl, an African American Child
116(1)
African American Adolescents
116(4)
Social and Cultural Description
116(1)
A Focus on Research 5.2: Risk in Early Adolescent African American Youth
117(1)
Communication
118(1)
Families
119(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting African American Adolescents
119(1)
Up Close and Personal 5.2: Tyrone, an African American Adolescent
120(1)
African American Adults
120(9)
Social and Cultural Description
120(4)
Communication
124(1)
Families
125(1)
A Focus on Research 5.3: Development in the Family
125(2)
Gender Perspectives 5.1: The Psychology of Black Woman
127(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting African American Adults
127(1)
A Focus on Research 5.4: Person Factors and Suicidal Behaviors
128(1)
Up Close and Personal 5.3: Cynthia, an African American Woman
129(1)
African American Elderly
129(4)
Social and Cultural Description
129(1)
A Focus on Research 5.5: Life Experiences of African American Elders
130(1)
Communication
131(1)
Families
131(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting the African American Elderly
132(1)
Up Close and Personal 5.4: Eloise, an Elderly African American
132(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of African Americans
133(1)
Summary
133(1)
Suggested Readings
134(1)
Counseling African American Clients
135(23)
African American Children
136(4)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
136(1)
Counseling Considerations
136(1)
A Focus on Research 6.1: Counselors Collaborating with African American Parents
137(3)
Up Close and Personal 6.1: Counseling Carl, an African American child
140(1)
African American Adolescents
140(7)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
140(1)
A Focus on Research 6.2: Intervention Strategies for African American Male Adolescents
141(1)
Counseling Considerations
142(1)
A Focus on Research 6.3: Nurturing Excellence in African American Males
142(3)
A Focus on Research 6.4: Group Counseling
145(1)
Gender Perspectives 6.1: Empowerment Groups for At-Risk Urban African American Girls
145(1)
Up Close and Personal 6.2: Counseling Tyrone, an African American Adolescent
146(1)
African American Adults
147(5)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
147(1)
Counseling Considerations
148(1)
A Focus on Research 6.5: Menopause Symptoms and Attitudes of African American Women
149(3)
Up Close and Personal 6.3: Counseling Cynthia, an African American Adult
152(1)
African American Elderly
152(4)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
152(1)
A Focus on Research 6.6: Ethnic Differences in Family Caregiving
153(1)
Counseling Considerations
153(2)
Up Close and Personal 6.4: Counseling Eloise, an Elderly African American
155(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of African Americans
156(1)
Summary
156(1)
Suggested Readings
156(2)
Understanding American Indian Clients
158(20)
American Indians: Demographics
159(1)
American Indian Children
160(5)
Social and Cultural Description
160(2)
A Focus on Research 7.1: Identity and Pride in American Indian Children
162(1)
Communication
162(1)
Families
163(1)
Up Close and Personal 7.1: Bill Lonetree, an American Indian Child
164(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting American Indian Children
164(1)
American Indian Adolescents
165(4)
Social and Cultural Description
165(1)
Communication
166(1)
Families
167(1)
Up Close and Personal 7.2: Ed Lonetree, an American Indian Adolescent
167(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting American Indian Adolescents
168(1)
A Focus on Research 7.2: Alternative School Formats for American Indians
169(1)
American Indian Adults
169(5)
Social and Cultural Description
169(2)
Communication
171(1)
A Focus on Research 7.3: Strengthening the Northern Cheyenne in Language and Culture
171(1)
Families
172(1)
Up Close and Personal 7.3: John Lonetree, an American Indian Adult
172(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting American Indian Adults
173(1)
American Indian Elderly
174(2)
Social and Cultural Description
174(1)
Communication
175(1)
Families
175(1)
Up Close and Personal 7.4: Wenonah Lonetree, an American Indian Elder
176(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting the American Indian Elderly
176(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of American Indians
176(1)
Summary
177(1)
Suggested Readings
177(1)
Counseling American Indian Clients
178(21)
American Indian Children
179(3)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
179(1)
A Focus on Research 8.1: Ego Development and Ethnic Identity Formation
180(1)
Counseling Considerations
180(2)
Up Close and Personal 8.1: Counseling Bill Lonetree, an American Indian Child
182(1)
American Indian Adolescents
182(4)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
182(1)
A Focus on Research 8.2: Minority Adolescents and Substance Abuse
183(1)
Counseling Considerations
183(3)
Up Close and Personal 8.2: Counseling Ed Lonetree, an American Indian Adolescent
186(1)
American Indian Adults
186(9)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
186(1)
Counseling Considerations
187(2)
A Focus on Research 8.3: American Indian Perspectives of Euro-American Counseling Behavior
189(3)
Gender Perspectives 8.1: Beloved Women and the Sacred Fire of Leadership
192(2)
Up Close and Personal 8.3: Counseling John Lonetree, an American Indian Adult
194(1)
American Indian Elderly
195(2)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
195(1)
Counseling Considerations
195(2)
Up Close and Personal 8.4: Counseling Wenonah Lonetree, an Elderly American Indian
197(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of American Indians
197(1)
Summary
198(1)
Suggested Readings
198(1)
Understanding Asian American Clients
199(24)
Asian Americans: Demographics
200(2)
Asian American Children
202(4)
Social and Cultural Description
202(1)
Communication
203(1)
A Focus on Research 9.1: Asian American Children with Augmentative and Alternative Certification Needs
204(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Asian American Children
205(1)
Up Close and Personal 9.1: Mina, an Asian American Child
205(1)
Asian American Adolescents
206(4)
Social and Cultural Description
206(1)
Communication
207(1)
Families
207(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Asian American Adolescents
208(1)
A Focus on Research 9.2: Mental Health Symptoms of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese Immigrant Youth
208(1)
Up Close and Personal 9.2: Rieko, an Asian American Adolescent
209(1)
Asian American Adults
210(5)
Social and Cultural Description
210(1)
Gender Perspectives 9.1: Understanding Vietnamese Women Refugees
210(1)
Communication
211(1)
Families
212(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Asian American Adults
213(1)
A Focus on Research 9.3: Substance Abuse and Asian Americans
214(1)
Up Close and Personal 9.3: Han, an Asian American Adult
214(1)
Asian American Elderly
215(5)
Social and Cultural Description
215(1)
A Focus on Research 9.4: Caring for Filipino, Southeastern Asian, and Indian Patients
216(1)
A Focus on Research 9.5: Pathways to Caring for Alzheimer's Disease Among Korean Americans
217(1)
Communication
218(1)
Families
218(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Asian American Elderly
218(2)
Up Close and Personal 9.4: Grandfather Sukuzi: An Asian American Elder
220(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of Asian Americans
220(1)
Summary
221(1)
Suggested Readings
221(2)
Counseling Asian American Clients
223(21)
Asian American Children
224(3)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
224(1)
Counseling Considerations
224(2)
A Focus on Research 10.1: Asian Shades of Spirituality
226(1)
Up Close and Personal 10.1: Counseling Mina, an Asian American Child
227(1)
Asian American Adolescents
227(4)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
227(1)
Counseling Considerations
228(1)
A Focus on Research 10.2: Therapeutic Dilemmas in Cross-Cultural Practice
229(2)
Up Close and Personal 10.2: Counseling Rieko, an Asian American Adolescent
231(1)
Asian American Adults
231(8)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
231(1)
Counseling Considerations
232(1)
A Focus on Research 10.3: Asian Americans and Client Expectations
232(6)
Up Close and Personal 10.3: Counseling Han, an Asian American Adult
238(1)
Asian American Elderly
239(3)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
239(1)
Counseling Considerations
239(1)
Gender Perspectives 10.1: Gender Differences in Economic Support
240(1)
Up Close and Personal 10.4: Counseling Grandfather Sukuzi, an Asian American Elder
241(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of Asian Americans
242(1)
Summary
242(1)
Suggested Readings
243(1)
Understanding European American Clients
244(22)
European Americans: Demographics
245(1)
European American Children
246(3)
Social and Cultural Description
246(1)
Communication
246(1)
A Focus on Research 11.1: Children of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fathers
247(1)
Families
247(1)
Up Close and Personal 11.1: Christina, a European American Child
248(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting European American Children
248(1)
European American Adolescents
249(4)
Social and Cultural Description
249(1)
Communication
250(1)
Gender Perspectives 11.1: Female Adolescents and Depression
250(1)
Families
251(1)
Up Close and Personal 11.2: Nikos, a European American Adolescent
252(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting European American Adolescents
252(1)
A Focus on Research 11.2: Adolescent Violence
253(1)
European American Adults
253(6)
Social and Cultural Description
253(2)
A Focus on Research 11.3: Marital Quality in Black and White Marriages
255(1)
Communication
255(1)
Families
256(2)
Up Close and Personal 11.3: Olympia, a European American Adult
258(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting European American Adults
259(1)
European American Elderly
259(5)
Social and Cultural Description
259(1)
Communication
260(1)
Families
261(1)
Up Close and Personal 11.4: Costas, an Elderly European American
261(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Elderly European Americans
262(1)
A Focus on Research 11.4: Alcohol Problems Among Aging Adults
263(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of European Americans
264(1)
Summary
264(1)
Suggested Readings
265(1)
Counseling European American Clients
266(20)
European American Children
267(4)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
267(1)
Counseling Considerations
267(1)
A Focus on Research 12.1: Children and Psychotropic Medicine
268(3)
Up Close and Personal 12.1: Counseling Christina, a European American Child
271(1)
European American Adolescents
271(4)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
271(1)
A Focus on Research 12.2: Person-Centered Counseling and Sexual Minority Adolescents
272(1)
Counseling Considerations
272(3)
Up Close and Personal 12.2: Counseling Nikos, a European American Adolescent
275(1)
European American Adults
275(6)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
275(1)
A Focus on Research 12.3: Understanding and Treating Social Phobia
276(1)
Counseling Considerations
277(1)
Gender Perspectives 12.1: Counseling and Traditional Male Gender Role
277(4)
Up Close and Personal 12.3: Counseling Olympia, a European American Adult
281(1)
European American Elderly
281(3)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
281(1)
A Focus on Research 12.4: Obesity and Older American Men and Women
282(1)
Counseling Considerations
282(1)
Up Close and Personal 12.4: Counseling Costas, a European American Elder
283(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of European Americans
284(1)
Summary
284(1)
Suggested Readings
284(2)
Understanding Hispanic American Clients
286(21)
Hispanic Americans: Demographics
287(1)
A Focus on Research 13.1: Annual Income, Hourly Wages Among Mexican Americans and Other Latinos
288(1)
Hispanic American Children
288(4)
Social and Cultural Description
288(1)
A Focus on Research 13.2: Single Parenthood and White, Black, and Hispanic Children
289(1)
Communication
290(1)
Families
290(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Hispanic American Children
290(1)
Up Close and Personal 13.1: Ramon, a Hispanic American Child
291(1)
Hispanic American Adolescents
292(4)
Social and Cultural Description
292(1)
A Focus on Research 13.3: Anger in Adolescents
293(1)
Communication
293(1)
Families
294(1)
Up Close and Personal 13.2: Carlos, a Hispanic American Adolescent
295(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Hispanic American Adolescents
295(1)
Hispanic American Adults
296(5)
Social and Cultural Description
296(1)
Communication
297(1)
Families
297(2)
Unique Challenges Confronting Hispanic American Adults
299(1)
A Focus on Research 13.4: Hispanic Healthcare Disparities
300(1)
Up Close and Personal 13.3: Carla, a Hispanic American Adult
301(1)
Hispanic American Elderly
301(4)
Social and Cultural Description
301(2)
Communication
303(1)
Families
303(1)
Up Close and Personal 13.4: Papa Rafael, a Hispanic American Elder
304(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Hispanic American Elderly
304(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of Hispanic Americans
305(1)
Summary
306(1)
Suggested Readings
306(1)
Counseling Hispanic American Clients
307(21)
Hispanic American Children
308(3)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
308(1)
A Focus on Research 14.1: Perceived School Environments, Perceived Discrimination, and School Performance Among Children of Mexican Immigrants
309(1)
Counseling Considerations
309(2)
Up Close and Personal 14.1: Counseling Ramon, a Hispanic American Child
311(1)
Hispanic American Adolescents
311(5)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
311(1)
Gender Perspectives 14.1: Sexual Behaviors and Risks Among Bisexual and Gay Latino Men
312(1)
Counseling Considerations
313(3)
Up Close and Personal 14.2: Counseling Carlos, a Hispanic American Adolescent
316(1)
Hispanic American Adults
316(7)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
316(1)
Counseling Considerations
317(3)
A Focus on Research 14.2: Marital Conflict Among Mexican American Husbands and Wives
320(3)
Up Close and Personal 14.3: Counseling Carla, a Hispanic American Adult
323(1)
Hispanic American Elderly
323(4)
Potential Problems Warranting Counseling Intervention
323(1)
A Focus on Research 14.3: Treating the Hispanic Elderly
324(1)
Counseling Considerations
324(2)
Up Close and Personal 14.4: Counseling Papa Rafael, a Hispanic American Elder
326(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of Hispanic Americans
327(1)
Summary
327(1)
Suggested Readings
327(1)
Understanding Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients
328(27)
Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals
329(8)
Terminology
329(1)
Demographics
329(1)
Historical and Cultural Contexts
330(1)
A Focus on Research 15.1: Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People of Color
331(1)
Coming Out and Identity Development
332(5)
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Children
337(4)
A Focus on Research 15.2: Children of the Closet
338(1)
Social and Cultural Description
338(1)
Coming Out and Identity Development
339(1)
Up Close and Personal 15.1: Troy, African American and ``Different''
340(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting LGB Children
340(1)
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents
341(4)
Social and Cultural Description
341(1)
Coming Out and Identity Development
342(2)
Up Close and Personal 15.2: Suzie, an Asian American Lesbian Adolescent
344(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Adolescents
344(1)
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults
345(5)
Social and Cultural Description
345(1)
Gender Perspectives 5.1: Career Counseling for Gay and Lesbian Clients
346(1)
A Focus on Research 15.3: Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Asians
346(1)
Coming Out and Identity Development
347(1)
A Focus on Research 15.4: Race/Ethnicity and Sexual Orientation: Intersecting Identities
348(1)
Up Close and Personal 15.3: Carlos, a Bisexual Hispanic American Adult
349(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults
349(1)
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Elderly
350(2)
Social and Cultural Description
350(1)
Coming Out and Identity Development
351(1)
Up Close and Personal 15.4: Calliope, an Elderly Greek American Lesbian
351(1)
Unique Challenges Confronting Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Elderly
352(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals
352(1)
Summary
353(1)
Suggested Readings
353(2)
Counseling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients
355(30)
Differences in Counseling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients
356(1)
Guidelines for Psychotherapy With Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients
357(2)
A Focus on Research 16.1: A Dual-Identity Framework for Understanding Lesbian Experience
359(1)
Counseling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Children
359(1)
Counseling Concerns and Issues
359(4)
Counseling Considerations
360(2)
Up Close and Personal 16.1: Counseling Troy, an African American Child
362(1)
Counseling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents
363(8)
A Focus on Research 16.2: Addictions Counselors' Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Clients
363(1)
Counseling Concerns and Issues
364(2)
Counseling Considerations
366(4)
Up Close and Personal 16.2: Counseling Suzie, a Lesbian Asian American Adolescent
370(1)
Counseling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults
371(8)
Counseling Concerns and Issues
371(4)
Counseling Considerations
375(1)
Gender Perspectives 16.1: Heterosexism, Sexism, and Lesbians
376(2)
Up Close and Personal 16.3: Counseling Carlos, a Bisexual Hispanic American Adult
378(1)
Counseling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Elderly
379(4)
A Focus on Research 16.3: Social Empowerment Strategies in Counseling Lesbian and Gay Male Clients
379(1)
Counseling Concerns and Issues
380(1)
Counseling Considerations
381(1)
Up Close and Personal 16.4: Counseling Calliope, an Elderly Greek American Lesbian
382(1)
A Point of Departure: Challenges Confronting Counselors of LGB Clients
383(1)
Summary
383(1)
Suggested Readings
384(1)
PART III Professional Issues in Multicultural Counseling
385(18)
Issues in Multicultural Counseling
387(16)
Issue 1: How Inclusive Should a Definition of Multicultural Counseling Be?
388(1)
Defining the Issue
388(1)
Our Position on Inclusiveness
388(1)
A Focus on Research 17.1: Intervening With Students With Disabilities
389(1)
Issue 2: How Can Counselors Perceive Clients' Diversity?
389(5)
Models of Cultural Deficiency and Difference
389(5)
Gender Perspectives 17.1: Vietnamese Men---Examining Traditional Gender Roles
394(1)
Issue 3: What Ethical and Legal Standards Should Guide Counselors?
394(3)
Ethics Associated With Multicultural Counseling
394(2)
A Focus on Research 17.2: The Ethical Contexts of Psychotherapy
396(1)
Issue 4: How Can Counselors Most Effectively Assess Clients of Differing Cultural Backgrounds?
397(1)
The Extent to Which Cultural Diversity Affects Assessment
397(1)
Issue 5: What Research Concerns Will Be Relevant in the Future?
398(2)
The Multicultural Counseling Process
398(1)
Research Techniques and Outcomes
399(1)
Multicultural Counseling and the Lifespan Continuum
399(1)
Research Directions, Tasks, and Challenges
399(1)
A Point of Departure
400(1)
Challenges Confronting Counselors in a Culturally Pluralistic Society
400(1)
Summary
401(1)
Suggested Readings
401(2)
Epilogue
403(4)
Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
403(1)
Its Beginning
403(1)
A Rationale
403(1)
Growing Acceptance: Present and Future
403(1)
People and Their Diversity
404(1)
Realities: Racism, Injustice, and Discrimination
404(1)
An Increasing Knowledge Base: Cultural Diversity and Lifespan Recognition of Cultural Diversity
404(1)
Knowledge of Human Growth and Development
404(1)
Using the Knowledge Base to Enhance Counseling Effectiveness
405(1)
Responding to Individual and Cultural Diversity Differences
405(1)
Avoiding Stereotypes and Generalizations
405(1)
Seeking Help in a Multicultural Society
405(1)
Tendencies to Not Seek Professional Help
405(1)
Sources of Mental Health Services
406(1)
The Future: A Time for Responsive Action
406(1)
Training Culturally Effective Counselors
406(1)
Recognizing the Relationship Between Cultural Diversity and Lifespan Development
406(1)
Summary
406(1)
Appendix A Selected Journals Recommended for Counselors in Multicultural Settings407(2)
Appendix B Suggested Multicultural Experiential Activities409(2)
References411(26)
Author Index437(6)
Subject Index443

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