This book discusses the retrieval, analysis, modeling, and simulation of spatial phenomena of terrestrial importance. It presents applications of mathematical morphology to address quantitative morphologic and scaling analyses of certain geophysically relevant functions, sets, and skeletons. With case studies and illustrations throughout, the text covers the use of mathematical morphology for the retrieval of complex topological connectivity networks of channels and ridges, the analysis of terrestrial surfaces and associated features to quantitatively characterize spatiotemporal complexity, and the modeling of geomorphologic processes in discrete space.