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A March of Liberty A Constitutional History of the United States Volume II: From 1877 to the Present

by: Urofsky, Melvin I.; Finkelman, Paul

A March of Liberty A Constitutional History of the United States Volume II: From 1877 to the Present

by: Urofsky, Melvin I.; Finkelman, Paul

ISBN 13:
9780195126365
ISBN 10:
019512636X
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 08/16/2001
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Summary

22. THE COURT AND CIVIL RIGHTS

The Abandonment of the Freedmen * The Civil Rights Cases * Jim Crow Enthroned * The Treatment of Native Americans * The Chinese Cases * The Insular Cases * The Incorporation Theory * Women and the Law * The

Preface

xiii

The Court and Civil Rights

479

(21)

The Abandonment of the Freedmen

480

(1)

The Civil Rights Cases

481

(1)

Jim Crow Enthroned

482

(3)

The Treatment of Native Americans

485

(2)

The Chinese Cases

487

(2)

The Insular Cases

489

(1)

The Incorporation Theory

490

(2)

Women and the Law

492

(2)

The Court Draws Limits

494

(1)

The Peonage Cases

495

(2)

A Few Small Steps

497

(1)

Conclusion

498

(1)

For Further Reading

498

(2)

The Constitutional World of the Late Nineteenth Century

500

(21)

Classical Legal Thought

500

(4)

The Emergence of Substantive Due Process

504

(3)

Due Process Enthroned

507

(2)

Freedom of Contract

509

(2)

The Law Writers

511

(2)

The Importance of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

513

(2)

The Emergence of the Modern Legal Profession

515

(3)

Conclusion

518

(1)

For Further Reading

518

(3)

The Regulation of Commerce, 1877-1914

521

(24)

Farmers, Railroads, and Elevators

522

(1)

Munn v. Illinois

523

(1)

Removal to Federal Courts

524

(2)

The Interstate Commerce Commission

526

(2)

The Courts and the ICC

528

(1)

Courts and Rate-Making

529

(2)

Congress Strengthens the ICC

531

(1)

The Court Acquiesces

532

(1)

The Growth of Monopolies

533

(1)

The Sherman Act

534

(1)

The Knight Case

535

(1)

The Court Changes Its Mind

536

(1)

The Northern Securities Case

537

(1)

The Rule of Reason

538

(1)

The Income Tax

539

(4)

Conclusion

543

(1)

For Further Reading

543

(2)

Protective Legislation and the Police Power

545

(27)

The Progressive Agenda

546

(1)

Conservative Opposition

546

(1)

The Police Power

547

(1)

Child Labor and State Courts

548

(1)

Child Labor in the Supreme Court

549

(2)

Hours for Women Workers

551

(2)

A Feminist Critique of Muller

553

(2)

Separating Factory from Home

555

(1)

Hours on Public Works

556

(1)

Hours for Men

556

(2)

The Lochner Decision

558

(2)

Wage Regulation

560

(3)

Employers' Liability

563

(1)

Workmen's Compensation

564

(1)

Federal Employers' Liability

565

(1)

The Debs Case

566

(1)

The Courts and Labor Unions

567

(3)

For Further Reading

570

(2)

Progressivism Triumphant, 1901-1917

572

(26)

Democracy and Efficiency

572

(1)

The Roosevelt Presidency

573

(2)

The Federal Police Power

575

(4)

The Attack on the Courts

579

(2)

Judicial Recall

581

(1)

State Courts and the Constitution

582

(1)

The Taft Record

583

(1)

Reforming the House

584

(1)

Woodrow Wilson's Views on the Presidency

585

(1)

Tariffs and Taxes

586

(2)

Banking Reform

588

(1)

Antitrust Legislation

589

(2)

Completing the Reform Agenda

591

(1)

Race and the Progressive Era

592

(1)

The Court Draws Limits

593

(2)

A Few Small Steps

595

(1)

Conclusion

595

(1)

For Further Reading

596

(2)

Constitutional Problems During World War I

598

(26)

Preparedness

599

(1)

Control of the Railroads

600

(1)

The Draft Cases

601

(1)

The Lever Act

602

(2)

Rent Control

604

(1)

The Overman Act

604

(2)

Prohibition

606

(1)

Women's Suffrage

607

(2)

Wilson and Foreign Policy

609

(1)

The Treaty of Versailles

610

(2)

An Incapacitated President

612

(1)

Free Speech in Wartime

613

(1)

The Speech Tradition Before Schenck

614

(1)

Clear and Present Danger

615

(2)

The Beginnings of the Free Speech Tradition

617

(2)

The American Civil Liberties Union

619

(1)

The Red Scare

620

(2)

For Further Reading

622

(2)

``The Business of America is Business!''

624

(20)

The Taft Court Forms

625

(2)

William Howard Taft as Chief Justice

627

(1)

Crippling the Regulatory Agencies

628

(2)

Maintaining the National Power

630

(2)

Federal Grants-in-Aid

632

(1)

Utilities Regulation

633

(1)

Labor and the Taft Court

634

(3)

The Adkins Case

637

(2)

The Fate of Reform Legislation

639

(2)

Euclid v. Ambler Reality

641

(1)

Conclusion

642

(1)

For Further Reading

642

(2)

A Tangled Skein of Liberties

644

(19)

The Reform Remnant

644

(1)

Legal Realism

645

(1)

Realism and Reform on the Bench

646

(2)

Political Fundamentalism

648

(2)

The Nationalization of Standards

650

(1)

The ``Incorporation'' of Free Speech

651

(2)

Whitney v. California

653

(2)

Criminal Justice

655

(1)

Wire Tapping and Privacy

656

(1)

Lynch Law

656

(1)

Race and Alienage

657

(3)

Incorporating Freedom of the Press

660

(1)

For Further Reading

661

(2)

The Depression, The New Deal, and The Court

663

(24)

The Depression and the Need for Action

663

(1)

The Hughes Court

664

(2)

State Legislation Before the Court

666

(3)

A Change in Philosophy

669

(1)

The New Deal Begins

670

(1)

Agricultural Reform

671

(1)

Inflation and Relief Measures

672

(1)

Reviving the Economy

673

(2)

Constitutional Considerations and Problems

675

(1)

The New Deal in Court

676

(2)

Black Monday

678

(3)

The Court and the Agricultural Adjustment Act

681

(2)

The Carter Coal Case

683

(1)

Conclusion: The Court Versus the New Deal

683

(2)

For Further Reading

685

(2)

Crisis and Resolution

687

(26)

The Second Hundred Days

687

(2)

The Roosevelt Court Plan

689

(4)

The ``Switch in Time,''

693

(2)

An Alternate View

695

(3)

Roosevelt Reshapes the Court

698

(2)

The Failure of Reorganization

700

(1)

A National Labor Policy

701

(2)

The Commerce Power and Agriculture

703

(1)

The Reach of the Commerce Power

704

(1)

The Demise of ``Old Swifty,''

705

(3)

The Court and State Powers

708

(1)

Conclusion: The Crisis Survived

709

(2)

For Further Reading

711

(2)

Civil Liberties and The Roosevelt Court

713

(18)

Rights of Labor

713

(1)

The Bar, the Justice Department, and Civil Liberties

714

(2)

Cardozo and Selective Incorporation

716

(1)

Black and Total Incorporation

717

(2)

Frankfurter and the Limits of Restraint

719

(1)

Labor and the First Amendment

719

(2)

Religion

721

(1)

The Flag Salute Cases

722

(3)

Civil Liberties in Wartime

725

(2)

Treason and Espionage

727

(2)

For Further Reading

729

(2)

World War II

731

(21)

Neutrality Legislation

731

(1)

The Ludlow Amendment

732

(1)

Internal Security

733

(1)

Executive Agreements

734

(2)

Presidential Power

736

(2)

Organizing for War

738

(1)

The Court and Wartime Regulations

739

(1)

Anti-Japanese Sentiment

740

(1)

Japanese Relocation

741

(2)

The Relocation Cases

743

(2)

Milligan Redux

745

(1)

The Judgment of History

746

(1)

The War Crimes Trials

747

(2)

The United Nations

749

(1)

For Further Reading

750

(2)

Fair Deal and Cold War

752

(21)

Conservative Reaction

752

(2)

The Taft-Hartley Law

754

(2)

Government Loyalty Programs

756

(2)

Smith Act Prosecutions

758

(2)

Dennis v. United States

760

(2)

Justice Harlan's Solution

762

(1)

The McCarran Act

763

(1)

McCarthyism

764

(2)

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

766

(1)

The Bricker Amendment

767

(1)

The Korean Police Action

768

(1)

Civilian Control of the Military

769

(1)

The Steel Seizure Case

770

(1)

For Further Reading

771

(2)

The Struggle for Civil Rights

773

(20)

Truman and the First Steps

773

(1)

The NAACP Intensifies Its Efforts

774

(2)

The Vinson Court and Civil Rights

776

(2)

Enter Earl Warren

778

(1)

The Five School Cases

779

(2)

Brown v. Board of Education

781

(2)

The Reaction to Brown

783

(2)

Implementation

785

(2)

``All Deliberate Speed,''

787

(2)

Eisenhower and Little Rock

789

(2)

For Further Reading

791

(2)

``We Shall Overcome!''

793

(24)

The Civil Rights Movement Begins

793

(2)

Early Civil Rights Legislation

795

(1)

The Kennedy Commitment

795

(1)

``The Schoolhouse Door,''

796

(1)

The 1964 Civil Rights Act

797

(2)

The Court Loses Patience

799

(2)

Attacking Segregation Everywhere

801

(1)

State Action and Racial Classification

802

(1)

Civil Rights and the First Amendment

802

(1)

The Sit-In Cases

803

(3)

The Court and the 1964 Civil Rights Act

806

(1)

Voting Rights

807

(1)

The 1965 Voting Rights Act

808

(1)

South Carolina v. Katzenbach

809

(2)

New Uses for Old Laws

811

(1)

What Has Been Accomplished

812

(2)

Conclusion: An Unfinished Agenda

814

(1)

For Further Reading

815

(2)

The Warren Court and the Bill of Rights

817

(26)

The First Amendment

818

(1)

The Overbreadth Doctrine

819

(1)

Symbolic Speech

820

(1)

Libel and the First Amendment

820

(3)

Obscenity

823

(3)

The Religion Clauses

826

(3)

Prayer, Bible Reading, and Evolution

829

(2)

Aid to Schools

831

(1)

Search and Seizure

832

(1)

Self-Incrimination

833

(3)

The Right to Counsel

836

(1)

The Right to Privacy

837

(3)

Conclusion: Judicial Activism and Civil Liberties

840

(1)

For Further Reading

841

(2)

A Nation in Turmoil

843

(24)

Internal Security

843

(2)

The Decline of HUAC

845

(1)

Reapportionment

846

(4)

Opposition to the Apportionment Rulings

850

(1)

The Great Society

851

(1)

Johnson and Presidential Prerogatives

852

(1)

Vietnam and the Tonkin Gulf Resolution

853

(2)

War Issues and the Court

855

(2)

Impatience over Civil Rights

857

(1)

Criminal Law

858

(2)

The Commission on Law Enforcement

860

(1)

The Omnibus Crime Control Act

861

(1)

The Fortas Affair

861

(2)

Warren's Final Term

863

(2)

Conclusion

865

(1)

For Further Reading

865

(2)

Richard Nixon and the Corruption of Power

867

(28)

A Moderate Start

868

(1)

Powers of the Commander-in-Chief

869

(2)

The Cambodian Rider

871

(1)

The War Powers Act of 1973

872

(4)

Expansion of Domestic Powers

876

(1)

The Pocket Veto

877

(1)

Budgets and Impoundments

878

(3)

The Congressional Budget Act

881

(1)

Watergate

882

(3)

Executive Privilege

885

(1)

Spiro Agnew Departs

886

(1)

United States v. Nixon

887

(1)

Resignation

888

(2)

The Lessons of Watergate

890

(3)

The ``Plebiscitary Presidency,''

893

(1)

For Further Reading

893

(2)

The Burger Court and Equal Protection

895

(24)

The Burger Court Forms

896

(2)

Continuing Desegregation

898

(2)

Busing

900

(1)

Desegregation in the North

901

(2)

Bakke and Affirmative Action

903

(4)

Gender Discrimination

907

(4)

The Equal Rights Amendment

911

(1)

Poverty and Disability

912

(1)

The Abortion Decisions

913

(2)

Post-Roe Decisions

915

(2)

For Further Reading

917

(2)

The Burger Court and Civil Liberties

919

(27)

Obscenity

920

(3)

Commercial Speech

923

(2)

Campaign Funds as Political Speech

925

(1)

Freedom of the Press

926

(2)

A Right of Access

928

(2)

Reporter's Privilege

930

(1)

Church and State

931

(2)

The Drive to Reinstate School Prayer

933

(2)

Free Exercise of Religion

935

(1)

Rights of the Accused: Search and Seizure

936

(2)

The Exclusionary Rule

938

(1)

Miranda Warnings

939

(2)

The Death Penalty

941

(2)

Conclusion

943

(1)

For Further Reading

944

(2)

The Rehnquist Court: Equal Protection and Individual Autonomy

946

(29)

The Rehnquist Court Forms

947

(2)

Civil Rights

949

(3)

Affirmative Action

952

(4)

Race-Conscious Districting

956

(4)

The Civil Rights Act of 1991

960

(1)

Gender Discrimination

961

(1)

Sexual Harassment

962

(3)

Abortion

965

(4)

The Right to Die

969

(3)

Conclusion

972

(1)

For Further Reading

973

(2)

The Rehnquist Court, Federalism, and Civil Liberties

975

(23)

Federalism

976

(3)

The First Amendment

979

(3)

Speech ``Plus,''

982

(2)

Flag Burning

984

(2)

Free Exercise of Religion

986

(1)

The Religious Freedom Restoration Act

987

(2)

Church and State

989

(5)

Rights of the Accused

994

(2)

Conclusion

996

(1)

For Further Reading

997

(1)

Constitutional Issues at the End of the Twentieth Century

998

Congress and Foreign Policy

998

(4)

The Courts and Foreign Policy

1002

(1)

The Legislative Veto

1003

(3)

Control of the Budget

1006

(1)

The Twenty-seventh Amendment

1007

(2)

Term Limits

1009

(1)

Iran-Contra

1010

(2)

The Bork Nomination

1012

(3)

The Thomas Nomination

1015

(2)

The Line Item Veto

1017

(2)

The Role of the Independent Counsel

1019

(1)

Clinton's Impeachment

1020

(2)

The Election of 2000

1022

(4)

Conclusion

1026

(1)

For Further Reading

1026

APPENDIXES

The Declaration of Independence

(1)

Constitution of the United States

(1)

Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court

A22

(1)

Case Index

(1)

Subject Index

I17

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

A March of Liberty A Constitutional History of the United States Volume II: From 1877 to the Present

A March of Liberty A Constitutional History of the United States Volume II: From 1877 to the Present

9780195126365

019512636X

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

A March of Liberty A Constitutional History of the United States Volume II: From 1877 to the Present

A March of Liberty A Constitutional History of the United States Volume II: From 1877 to the Present

9780195126365

019512636X

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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