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Manual of Mineralogy (After James D. Dana)

by: Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Dana, James Dwight

Manual of Mineralogy (After James D. Dana)

by: Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Dana, James Dwight

ISBN 13:
9780471312666
ISBN 10:
0471312665
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/01/1998
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Summary

The classic in the field since 1848, this extraordinary reference offers readers unsurpassed coverage of mineralogy and crystallography. The book is known for it2s complete coverage of concepts and principles with along a more systematic and descriptive treatment of mineralogy. The revised edition now includes a CD-ROM to let readers see the minerals and crystals, while also viewing chemical composition, symmetry, and morphological crystallography.

1. Introduction

(16)

Definition of Mineral

(1)

History of Mineralogy

(12)

Economic Importance of Minerals

(1)

Naming of Minerals

(1)

References and Literature of Mineralogy

(1)

References and Suggested Reading

(2)

2. Crystallography: External Form

(91)

Crystallization

(2)

Crystal Growth

(2)

Internal Order in Crystals

(1)

Symmetry Elements (Without Translation)

(12)

Resume of Symmetry Operations Without Translation

(1)

Crystal Morphology

(21)

Crystal Symmetry

(1)

Crystallographic Axes

(5)

Form

(5)

Zones

(4)

Crystal Habit

(1)

Measurement of Crystal Angles

(1)

Crystal Projections

(10)

Spherical Projection

(2)

Stereographic Projection

(7)

The Thirty-two Crystal Classes

(37)

Triclinic System

(3)

Monoclinic System

(3)

Orthorhombic System

(4)

Tetragonal System

(6)

Hexagonal System

(11)

Isometric System

(7)

Intergrowths of Crystals

100

(6)

References and Suggested Reading

106

(2)

3. Crystallography: Internal Order and Symmetry

108

(62)

Translation Directions and Distances

109

(1)

One-dimensional Order (Rows)

110

(1)

Two-dimensional Order (Plane Lattices)

110

(12)

Rotation Angle Restrictions

115

(1)

Symmetry Content of Planar Motifs

116

(1)

Symmetry Content of Plane Lattices

117

(2)

Two-dimensional Plane Groups

119

(3)

Three-dimensional Order

122

(12)

Three-dimensional Lattices

123

(6)

Screw Axes and Glide Planes

129

(5)

Space Groups

134

(12)

Crystal Structure

146

(4)

The Determination of Crystal Structures

147

(1)

Illustration of Crystal Structures

147

(3)

Isostructuralism

150

(3)

Polymorphism

153

(5)

Polytypism

158

(1)

Metamict Minerals

159

(2)

Mineraloids (Noncrystalline Minerals)

161

(1)

Pseudomorphism

161

(1)

Structural Complexities and Defects

162

(2)

Twinning

164

(4)

Origin of Twinning

167

(1)

References and Suggested Reading

168

(2)

4. Crystal Chemistry

170

(51)

The Atom

170

(14)

Chemical Elements and the Periodic Table

171

(3)

The Bohr Model of the Atom

174

(1)

The Schrodinger Model of the Atom

175

(5)

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

180

(4)

The Ion

184

(6)

Atomic and Ionic Radii

186

(4)

Coordination of Ions

190

(11)

Radius Ratio

191

(10)

Bonding Forces in Crystals

201

(9)

Ionic Bond

201

(1)

Covalent Bond

202

(3)

Estimation of the Character of the Bonding Mechanism

205

(1)

Metallic Bond

206

(1)

van der Waals Bond

207

(1)

Hydrogen Bond

207

(2)

Crystals with More than One Bond Type

209

(1)

Examples of Some Common Structure Types

210

(6)

NaCl Structure

210

(1)

CsCl Structure

210

(1)

Sphalerite (ZnS) Structure

211

(1)

CaF(2) Structure

211

(1)

Rutile (TiO(2)) Structure

212

(1)

Perkovskite (ABO(3)) Structure

212

(1)

Spinel (AB(2)O(4)) Structure

213

(1)

Silicate Structures

214

(2)

Changes in Structure Type as a Function of High Pressures

216

(2)

Radioactivity

218

(2)

References and Suggested Reading

220

(1)

5. Mineral Chemistry

221

(29)

Chemical Composition of the Earth's Crust

221

(3)

Chemical Analytical Techniques

224

(9)

Wet Chemical Analysis

225

(1)

Gravimetric Analysis

225

(1)

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

225

(2)

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

227

(2)

Electron Probe Microanalysis

229

(2)

Optical Spectrographic Analysis

231

(2)

Compositional Variation in Minerals

233

(3)

Substitutional Solid Solution

233

(1)

Interstitial Solid Solution

234

(1)

Omission Solid Solution

235

(1)

Exsolution

236

(4)

Recalculation of Chemical Analyses

240

(5)

Graphic Representation of Mineral Composition

245

(4)

References and Suggested Reading

249

(1)

6. Physical Properties of Minerals

250

(25)

Crystal Habits and Aggregates

250

(2)

Cleavage, Parting, and Fracture

252

(2)

Cleavage

252

(1)

Parting

253

(1)

Fracture

254

(1)

Hardness

254

(1)

Tenacity

255

(1)

Specific Gravity

256

(3)

Average Specific Gravity

256

(1)

Determination of Specific Gravity

257

(2)

Color

259

(9)

Crystal Field Transitions

260

(3)

Molecular Orbital Transitions

263

(1)

Color Centers

264

(1)

Other Causes of Color

265

(1)

Streak

266

(1)

Luster

266

(1)

Play of Colors

266

(2)

Chatoyancy and Asterism

268

(2)

Luminescence

268

(1)

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

268

(2)

Thermoluminescence

270

(1)

Triboluminescence

270

(1)

Electrical Properties

270

(1)

Piezoelectricity

270

(1)

Pyroelectricity

271

(1)

Magnetic Properties

271

(3)

References and Suggested Reading

274

(1)

7. X-Ray Crystallography

275

(14)

X-Ray Spectra

276

(1)

Diffraction Effects and the Bragg Equation

277

(5)

Laue Method

279

(1)

Other Single-Crystal Methods

280

(2)

Powder Method

282

(6)

X-Ray Powder Diffractometer

286

(2)

References and Suggested Reading

288

(1)

8. Optical Properties of Minerals

289

(20)

Nature of Light

289

(1)

Reflection and Refraction

289

(1)

Index of Refraction

290

(1)

Total Reflection and the Critical Angle

290

(1)

Isotropic and Anisotropic Crystals

291

(1)

Polarized Light

291

(2)

The Polarizing Microscope

293

(2)

Microscopic Examination of Minerals and Rocks

294

(1)

Uniaxial Crystals

295

(7)

Uniaxial Crystals Between Crossed Polars

296

(1)

Accessory Plates

297

(2)

Uniaxial Crystals in Convergent Polarized Light

299

(1)

Determination of Optic Sign

300

(1)

Sign of Elongation

301

(1)

Absorption and Dichroism

302

(1)

Biaxial Crystals

302

(5)

The Biaxial Indicatrix

302

(1)

Biaxial Crystals in Convergent Polarized Light

303

(1)

Determination of Optic Sign of a Biaxial Crystal

304

(1)

Optical Orientation in Biaxial Crystals

305

(1)

Dispersion of the Optic Axes

306

(1)

Absorption and Pleochroism

307

(1)

Optical Properties of Opaque Minerals

307

(1)

References and Suggested Reading

308

(1)

9. Mineral Stability Diagrams

309

(25)

Phase Diagram For H(2)O

309

(1)

Stability, Activation Energy, and Equilibrium

310

(1)

Components

311

(1)

Introductory Thermodynamics

312

(3)

Gibbs Phase Rule

314

(1)

Examples of Mineral Stability (Phase) Diagrams

315

(18)

One-Component Diagrams

315

(3)

Two-Component Diagrams

318

(6)

Three-or More-Component Diagrams

324

(6)

Diagrams for Mineral Reactions Involving H(2)O or CO(2)

330

(2)

Eh-pH Diagrams

332

(1)

References and Suggested Reading

333

(1)

10. Systematic Mineralogy Part I: Native Elements, Sulfides, and Sulfosalts

334

(38)

Mineral Classification

335

(1)

Native Elements

335

(15)

Native Metals

336

(5)

Native Semimetals

341

(1)

Native Nonmetals

341

(9)

Sulfides

350

(19)

Sulfosalts

369

(2)

References and Suggested Reading

371

(1)

11. Systematic Mineralogy Part II: Oxides, Hydroxides, and Halides

372

(31)

Oxides

372

(19)

Hematite Group, X(2)O(3)

377

(4)

Rutile Group, XO(2)

381

(4)

Spinel Group, XY(2)O(4)

385

(6)

Hydroxides

391

(7)

Halides

398

(4)

References and Suggested Reading

402

(1)

12. Systematic Mineralogy Part III: Carbonates, Nitrates, Borates, Sulfates, Chromates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Phosphates, Arsenates, and Vanadates

403

(37)

Carbonates

403

(15)

Calcite Group

404

(7)

Aragonite Group

411

(4)

Dolomite Group

415

(3)

Nitrates

418

(1)

Borates

418

(5)

Sulfates and Chromates

423

(6)

Barite Group

424

(5)

Tungstates and Molybdates

429

(3)

Phosphates, Arsenates, and Vanadates

432

(7)

Apatite Group

434

(5)

References and Suggested Reading

439

(1)

13. Systematic Mineralogy Part IV: Silicates

440

(118)

Nesosilicates

444

(18)

Phenacite Group

447

(1)

Olivine Group

448

(3)

Garnet Group

451

(4)

Al(2)SiO(5) Group

455

(4)

Humite Group

459

(3)

Sorosilicates

462

(6)

Epidote Group

465

(3)

Cyclosilicates

468

(6)

Inosilicates

474

(24)

Pyroxene Group

475

(9)

Pyroxenoid Group

484

(4)

Amphibole Group

488

(10)

Phyllosilicates

498

(26)

Serpentine Group

507

(5)

Clay Mineral Group

512

(3)

Mica Group

515

(4)

Chlorite Group

519

(5)

Tectosilicates

524

(33)

SiO(2) Group

524

(8)

Feldspar Group

532

(4)

K-Feldspars

536

(5)

Plagioclase Feldspar Series

541

(2)

Feldspathoid Group

543

(5)

Scapolite Series

548

(2)

Zeolite Group

550

(7)

References and Suggested Reading

557

(1)

14. Mineral Assemblages: Introduction to Rock Types and Vein Mineralization

558

(35)

Igneous Rocks

558

(11)

General Occurrence and Texture

560

(1)

Chemical Composition

560

(1)

Classification

561

(3)

Mineralogical Composition

564

(1)

Plutonic Rocks

564

(3)

Volcanic Rocks

567

(2)

Sedimentary Rocks

569

(12)

Chemical Composition

570

(1)

Mineralogical Composition

570

(2)

Classification

572

(9)

Metamorphic Rocks

581

(9)

Chemical Composition

582

(1)

Mineralogical Composition

582

(8)

Veins and Vein Minerals

590

(2)

References and Suggested Reading

592

(1)

15. Gem Minerals

593

(20)

Gem Minerals

593

(1)

Gem Qualifications

594

(1)

Types of Gem Cuts

594

(1)

The Early Uses of Gems

595

(1)

Important Gems--Yesterday and Today

596

(5)

Diamond

596

(1)

Beryl

596

(1)

Ruby and Sapphire

597

(1)

Opal

598

(1)

Jade

598

(1)

Chrysoberyl

599

(1)

Topaz

599

(1)

Tourmaline

599

(1)

Quartz

599

(1)

Turquoise

600

(1)

Garnet

600

(1)

Zircon

600

(1)

Olivine

600

(1)

Gem Properties and Instruments for Their Determination

601

(5)

Synthesis of Gem Materials

606

(1)

Treatment of Gemstones

607

(1)

Synthetic and Treated Gems

608

(3)

Beryl

608

(1)

Chrysoberyl

609

(1)

Corundum (Ruby and Sapphire)

609

(1)

Diamond

609

(1)

Jade

609

(1)

Opal

610

(1)

Quartz

610

(1)

Rutile

611

(1)

Spinel

611

(1)

Turquoise

611

(1)

Manufactured Gem Materials Without Natural Counterparts

611

(1)

Garnet

611

(1)

Strontium Titanate

611

(1)

Cubic Zirconia

612

(1)

References and Suggested Reading

612

(1)

Appendix: Determinative Tables

613

(40)

Table A.1 Minerals arranged by several physical properties

615

(32)

Table A.2 Minerals arranged according to increasing specific gravity

647

(2)

Table A.3 Nonopaque minerals arranged according to increasing refractive index

649

(4)

Mineral Index

653

(16)

Subject Index

669

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Manual of Mineralogy (After James D. Dana)

Manual of Mineralogy (After James D. Dana)

9780471312666

0471312665

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Manual of Mineralogy (After James D. Dana)

Manual of Mineralogy (After James D. Dana)

9780471312666

0471312665

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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