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“Listen is neither too complicated nor too simplistic in its approach to the appreciation of Western music — it is just right for the average non-music major.”

 

* New to this edition

Preface: To the Instructor 
Introduction: To the Student

        Music and History

        Listening
 ... MORE 
Unit I: Fundamentals
        Listening

 

*PRELUDE: An Orchestral Prelude by Richard Wagner
             *LISTENING CHART 1: Wagner, Prelude to The Valkyrie 

 

CHAPTER 1: Music, Sound, and Time 
1. Sound Vibrations 
2. Dynamics (Amplitude) 
        LISTENING EXERCISE 1: Pitch and Dynamics  
3. Tone Color: Overtones  
4. Duration 

 

CHAPTER 2: Rhythm and Pitch 
1. Rhythm 
         LISTENING EXERCISE 2: Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo 
         LISTENING EXERCISE 3: Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo  
2. Pitch 
Interlude A: Musical Notation  

 

CHAPTER 3: The Structures of Music  
1. Melody  
        Box: Characteristics of Tunes 
        LISTENING EXERCISE 4: Melody and Tune  
2. Harmony 
3. Texture 
        LISTENING EXERCISE 5: Texture 
4. Tonality and Modality 
        LISTENING EXERCISE 6: Mode and Key 
Interlude B: Musical Instruments 

 

CHAPTER 4: Musical Form and Musical Style  
1. Form in Music 
        LISTENING EXERCISE 7: Musical Form 
2. Musical Style  
            LISTENING CHART 2: Britten, The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra 

 

UNIT II: Early Music: An Overview 

 

CHAPTER 5: The Middle Ages 
1. Music and the Church: Plainchant 

        Plainchant, Preface for Mass on Whit Sunday, “Vere dignum” 
        Plainchant, Gregorian Antiphon, “In paradisum” 
        Hildegard of Bingen, Plainchant Sequence, “Columba aspexit”    

2. Music at Court 
        Box: How Did Early Music Sound? 
        Bernart de Ventadorn, Troubadour song, “La dousa votz” 

3. The Evolution of Polyphony 
        Pérotin, Organum, “Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia”  

4. Later Medieval Polyphony  

        Guillaume de Machaut, Motet, “Quant en moi” 

Global Perspectives 1: Sacred Chant 
        Qur’anic recitation, “Ya Sin”  
        Hawai’ian chant, Mele pule
        Navajo song, “K’adnikini’ya’”  

 

CHAPTER 6: The Renaissance 
1. New Attitudes 
        Guillaume Dufay, Harmonized hymn, “Ave maris stella” 
2. The High Renaissance Style 
        Josquin Desprez, Pange lingua Mass
3. Music as Expression 
        *Josquin Desprez, Chanson, “Mille regrets”  
4. Late Renaissance Music 
        Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass

        Thomas Weelkes, Madrigal, “As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending 
5. Instrumental Music: Early Developments 
        Anonymous, Galliard, “Daphne” 

        Anonymous, “Kemp’s Jig” 
        Box: Dance Stylization 
Global Perspectives 2: Music and Early European Colonialism 
        Inca processional music, “Hanaq pachap kusikuynin” 

 

CHAPTER 7: The Early Baroque Period 
1. From Renaissance to Baroque 
        Giovanni Gabrieli, Motet, “O magnum mysterium”  
2. Style Features of Early Baroque Music 
3. Opera 

        Claudio Monteverdi, The Coronation of Poppea 
        Box: Singing Italian 
        Henry Purcell, Dido and Aeneas 
4. The Rise of Instrumental Music 

        Girolamo Frescobaldi, Suite (Canzona, Balletto, Corrente, and Passacaglia) 
Global Perspectives 3: Ostinato Forms 
        *Foday Musa Suso, “Laminba” 

        Pygmy polyphony, Elephant-hunt song 

 

UNIT III: The Eighteenth Century 

 

CHAPTER 8: Prelude: The Late Baroque Period 
1. Absolutism and the Age of Science 
2. Musical Life in the Early Eighteenth Century 
3. Style Features of Late Baroque Music 
4. The Emotional World of Baroque Music 

 

CHAPTER 9: Baroque Instrumental Music 
1. Concerto and Concerto Grosso 
        Antonio Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, Op. 4, No. 12 
            LISTENING CHART 3: Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, first movement 
            LISTENING CHART 4: Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, second movement

        Biography: Antonio Vivaldi

        Johann Sebastian Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
            LISTENING CHART 5: Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5,  first movement

        Biography: Johann Sebastian Bach 
2. Fugue 

        Box: Fugues, Free and Learned 

        Johann Sebastian Bach, The Art of Fugue, Contrapunctus 4 
            LISTENING CHART 6: Bach, The Art of Fugue, Contrapunctus 4 
3. The Dance Suite 
        Johann Sebastian Bach, Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D (c. 1730) 

 

CHAPTER 10: Baroque Vocal Music 
1. Opera 
        Box: The Castrato 
        George Frideric Handel, Julius Caesar (Giulio Cesare in Egitto)  
2. Oratorio 
        George Frideric Handel, Messiah 
        Biography: George Frideric Handel 
        Box: Women in Music
3. The Church Cantata 
        Johann Sebastian Bach, Cantata No. 4, “Christ lag in Todesbanden”  
4. The Organ Chorale 
        Johann Sebastian Bach, Chorale Prelude, “Christ lag in Todesbanden” 

 

CHAPTER 11: Prelude: Music and the Enlightenment  
1. The Enlightenment and Music 
2. The Rise of Concerts 
3. Style Features of Classical Music  
4. Form in Classical Music 

 

CHAPTER 12: The Symphony  
1. The Movements of the Symphony  
2. Sonata Form 
        Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 
            LISTENING CHART 7: Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, first movement
        Biography: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 
3. Classical Variation Form 
        Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor  
            LISTENING CHART 8: Haydn, Symphony No. 95, second movement 
        Biography: Franz Joseph Haydn 
4. Minuet Form (Classical Dance Form) 
        Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, third movement 
            LISTENING CHART 9: Haydn, Symphony No. 95, third movement  
5. Rondo Form 
        Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, fourth movement 
            LISTENING CHART 10: Haydn, Symphony No. 95, fourth movement 

CHAPTER 13: Other Classical Genres 
1. The Sonata  
        *Francesca LeBrun, Sonata in F, Op. 1, No. 3 
2. The Classical Concerto 
        Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Piano Concerto in A., K. 488 
            LISTENING CHART 11: Mozart, Piano Concerto in A, K. 488, first movement
3. The String Quartet  
4. Opera Buffa 
        Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Don Giovanni   
Global Perspectives 4: Musical Form: Two Case Studies from Asia 
            LISTENING CHART 12: Japanese gagaku, Etenraku 
            LISTENING CHART 13: I Lotring, Balinese gamelan, Bopong  

 

UNIT IV: The Nineteenth Century 

 

CHAPTER 14: Beethoven 
1. Between Classicism and Romanticism 
2. Beethoven and the Symphony 
        Ludwig van Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67 
            LISTENING CHART 14: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5, first movement 
            LISTENING CHART 15: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 (complete work) Biography: Ludwig van Beethoven 
3. Beethoven’s “Third Period” 
        Ludwig van Beethoven, String Quartet in F, Op. 135, second movement

 

CHAPTER 15: Prelude: Music after Beethoven: Romanticism 
1. Romanticism 
2. Concert Life in the Nineteenth Century 
3. Style Features of Romantic Music 
4. Program Music 
5. Form in Romantic Music 

 

CHAPTER 16: The Early Romantics 
1. The Lied 
        Franz Schubert, “Erlkönig” (“The Erlking”)   
        Biography: Franz Schubert 
        Robert Schumann, Dichterliebe (“A Poet’s Love”)  
        Biography: Robert Schumann 
        Clara Schumann, “Der Mond kommt still gegangen” (“The moon has risen softly”)
        Biography: Clara Wieck (Clara Schumann) 
2. The Character Piece for Piano 
        Franz Schubert, Moment Musical No. 2 in A-flat 
        Robert Schumann, Carnaval 
        Frédéric Chopin, Nocturne in F-sharp, Op. 15, No. 2 
        Biography: Frédéric Chopin 
3. Early Romantic Program Music 
        Biography: Franz Liszt  
        Biography: Felix Mendelssohn 
        Biography: Fanny Mendelssohn 

 

CHAPTER 17: Romantic Opera 
1. Verdi and Italian Opera 
        Box: Early Romantic Opera 
        Giuseppe Verdi, Aida 
        Biography: Giuseppe Verdi 
2. Wagner and Music Drama  
        *Box: Wagner’s Tristan and Isolde
        *Richard Wagner, The Nibelung’s Ring: The Valkyrie 
        Biography: Richard Wagner

 

CHAPTER 18: The Late Romantics 
1. Late Romantic Program Music 
        Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet 
            LISTENING CHART 17: Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet 
        Biography: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 
2. Nationalism 
        Modest Musorgsky, Pictures at an Exhibition  
        Biography: Modest Musorgsky 
        Box: Other Nationalists 
3. Responses to Romanticism 
        Johannes Brahms, Violin Concerto in D, Op. 77 
            LISTENING CHART 18: Brahms, Violin Concerto, third movement 
        Biography: Johannes Brahms
        Gustav Mahler, Symphony no. 1 
        Biography: Gustav Mahler 
            LISTENING CHART 19: Mahler, Symphony No. 1, third movement, Funeral March 
Global Perspectives 5: Musical Drama Worldwide 
        Japanese kabuki, Dojoji 
        Beijing opera, The Prince Who Changed into a Cat 

UNIT V: The Twentieth Century and Beyond 

 

CHAPTER 19: Prelude: Music and Modernism 
1. Progress and Uncertainty 
2. The Response of Modernism 
3. Literature and Art Before World War I 
4. Modernist Music Before World War I 

 

CHAPTER 20: The Twentieth Century: Early Modernism 
1. Debussy and Impressionism 
        Claude Debussy, Three Nocturnes 
            LISTENING CHART 20: Debussy, Clouds
        Biography: Claude Debussy 
2. Stravinsky: The Primacy of Rhythm 
        Igor Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring: Part I, “The Adoration of the Earth” 
            LISTENING CHART 21: Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, from Part I 

        Biography: Igor Stravinsky 
3. Expressionism 
        Arnold Schoenberg, Pierrot lunaire  
        Biography: Arnold Schoenberg 
        Alban Berg, Wozzeck  
        Box: Schoenberg and Serialism  
4. Modernism in America: Ives 
        Charles Ives, Second Orchestral Set, second movement
            LISTENING CHART 22: Ives, “The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People’s Outdoor Meeting” 
        Biography: Charles Ives 
        Charles Ives, The Unanswered Question 
  
CHAPTER 21: Alternatives to Modernism 
        Box: Opera in the Early Twentieth Century  
1. Maurice Ravel 
        Maurice Ravel, Piano Concerto in G  
            LISTENING CHART 23: Ravel, Piano Concerto in G, first movement
        Biography: Maurice Ravel  
2. Béla Bartók  
        Béla Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta 
            LISTENING CHART 24: Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, second movement (Allegro) 
        Biography: Béla Bartók  
3. Aaron Copland 
        Aaron Copland, Appalachian Spring
        Biography: Aaron Copland
*4. The Rise of Film Music 
        Box: Music and Totalitarianism 
        *Sergei Prokofiev, Alexander Nevsky 
            *LISTENING CHART 25: Prokofiev, Alexander Nevsky, Cantata 5: The Battle On Ice 
        *Biography: Sergei Prokofiev  

 

CHAPTER 22: The Late Twentieth Century  
1. Modernism in Music: The Second Phase  
        Anton Webern, Five Orchestral Pieces of 1913 
2. The Postwar Avant-Garde  
        György Ligeti, Lux aeterna 
            LISTENING CHART 26: Ligeti, Lux aeterna  
        Edgard Varèse, Poème électronique 
        Box: Modernist Music and Architecture 
        John Cage, 4’ 33” 
*3. Music at the End of the Millenium 

 

CHAPTER 23: Music in America: Jazz and Beyond  
1. Early American Music: An Overview 
2. Jazz: The First Fifty Years  
        Biography: Ragtime: Scott Joplin 
        Sippie Wallace, “If You Ever Been Down” Blues
        Biography: Louis Armstrong  
        Duke Ellington, “Conga Brava” 
        Biography: Duke Ellington 
        Global Perspectives 6: African Drumming 
        Yoruba drumming, “Ako” 
3. Later Jazz 
        Charlie Parker and Miles Davis, “Out of Nowhere” 
        Miles Davis, “Bitches Brew”
4. The Influence of Jazz and Blues 
        George Gershwin, Piano Prelude No. 1 
        Leonard Bernstein, West Side Story  
5. Rock: The First Fifty Years 
Global Perspectives 7: Global Music  
        Solomon Linda, South African popular song, “Anoku Gonda”  
6. Conclusion 

 

*Appendix A: Timelines  
Appendix B: Suggested Readings and Recommended Web Sites 
Glossary of Musical Terms 
Index