1 Bright-Field Light Microscope, the Hanging Drop Slide, and Bacterial Motility

2 Dark-Field Light Microscope

3 Phase-Contrast Light Microscope

4 Fluorescence Microscope

5 Microscopic Measurement of Microorganisms

II Bacterial Morphology and Staining

6 Negative Staining

7 Smear Preparation and Simple Staining

8 Gram Stain

9 Acid-Fast Staining (Ziehl-Neelsen and Kinyoun) Procedures

10 Endospore Staining (Schaeffer-Fulton or Wirtz-Conklin)

11 Capsule Staining

12 Flagella Staining: West and Difco’s SpotTest Methods

III Basic Laboratory and Culture Techniques

13 Microbiological Culture Media Preparation and Sterilization

14 Culture Transfer Instruments, Techniques, and Isolation of Pure Cultures and Their Maintenance

15 Spread-Plate Technique

16 Streak-Plate Technique and Differential Media

17 Pour-Plate Technique

18 Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria

19 Determination of Bacterial Numbers

IV Biochemical Activities of Bacteria

20 Carbohydrates I: Fermentation and beta-Galactosidase Activity

21 Carbohydrates II: Triple Sugar Iron Tests

22 Carbohydrates III: Starch Hydrolysis

23 Lipids: Lipid Hydrolysis

24 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes I: Hydrogen Sulfide Production and Motility

25 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes II: The IMViC Tests

26 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes III: Casein Hydrolysis

27 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes IV: Gelatin Hydrolysis

28 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes V: Catalase Activity

29 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes VI: Coagulase and DNA Activity

30 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes VII: Oxidase Test

31 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes VIII: Urease Activity

32 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes IX: Lysine and Ornithine Decarboxylase Test

33 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes X: Phenylalanine Deamination

34 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes XI: Nitrate Reduction

V Rapid Multitest Systems

35 The API 20E System

36 The Enterotube II System

VI Unknown Identification

37 Using Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology to Identify Bacteria

38 General Unknown

VII Environmental Factors Affecting Growth of Microorganisms

39 Temperature

40 pH

41 Osmotic Pressure

42 The Effects of Chemical Agents on Bacteria I: Disinfectants

43 The Effects of Chemical Agents on Bacteria II: Antimicrobial Agents (Kirby-Bauer Method)

44 Hand Washing, Environmental Sampling, and Microbiological Monitoring

45 Determination of a Bacterial Growth Curve: Classical and Two-Hour Method

VIII Environmental and Food Microbiology

46 Standard Coliform Most Probable Number (MPN) Test and presence-Absence Coliform Test

47 Membrane Filter Technique for Coliforms and Fecal Streptococci: KONFIRM Test for Fecal Coliforms

48 Isolation of Escherichia coli Bacteriophages from Sewage and Determining Bacteriophage Titers

49 Enumeration of Soil Microorganisms

50 Bacterial Count of a Food Product

51 Examination of Milk for Bacteria

XI Medical Microbiology

52 Agglutination reactions: Blood Groups

53 Isolation of Normal Microbiota from the Human Body

54 Staphylococci

55 Pneumococci

56 Streptococci

57 Neisseriae

58 Aerobic and Anaerobic Endospore-Forming Bacteria

X Survey of Selected Eucaryotic Microorganisms

59 Fungi I: Yeasts

60 Fungi II: Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes.

XI Microbial Genetics and Genomics

61 Bacterial Mutation

62 Bacterial Transformation

63 Bacterial Conjugation: The Transfer of Antibiotic Resistant Plasmids

64 Isolation of Genomic DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

65 Genomic DNA Extraction from Escherichia coli and Amplification of 16S rRNA Sequences

66 Identifying Archaea and Bacteria Using the Internet and Computer-Assisted Gene Analysis

Appendix A Dilutions

Appendix B Metric and English Measurement Equivalents

Appendix C Transmission-Absorbance Table for Spectrophotometry

Appendix D Logarithms

Appendix E pH and pH Indicators

Appendix F Scientific Notation

Appendix G Identification Charts

Appendix H Reagents, Solutions, Stains, and Tests

Appendix I Culture Media

Appendix J Source and Maintenance of Microbiological Stock Cultures