Rent 9780805371796 | Investigating Biology Lab Manual | Morgan, Judith Giles; Carter, M. Eloise Brown @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

With its distinctive investigative approach to learning, this laboratory manual encourages students to become active participants in the science of biology. While teaching basic concepts and laboratory procedures important for all biology majors to learn, the authors also invite students to pose hypotheses, make predictions, conduct open-ended experiments, collect data, and then apply the results to new problems. Laboratory exercises are divided into three categories directed investigations, thematic investigations, and open-ended investigations.

Preface

Scientific Investigation

(32)

Laboratory Objectives

(1)

... MORE

Introduction

(19)

Exercise 1.1 Questions and Hypotheses

(2)

Exercise 1.2 Designing Experiments to Test Hypotheses

(5)

Exercise 1.3 Designing an Experiment

(5)

Exercise 1.4 Presenting and Analyzing Results

(4)

Exercise 1.5 Interpreting and Communicating Results

(2)

Questions for Review

(2)

Applying Your Knowledge

(5)

References

(6)

Enzymes

(26)

Laboratory Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(18)

Exercise 2.1 Experimental Method and the Action of Catechol Oxidase

(3)

Exercise 2.2 Inhibiting the Action of Catechol Oxidase

(3)

Exercise 2.3 Influence of Concentration, pH, and Temperature on the Activity of Amylase

(11)

Questions for Review

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

(2)

Investigative Extensions

(1)

References

(4)

Microscopes and Cells

(24)

Laboratory Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(19)

Exercise 3.1 Parts of the Microscope

(3)

Exercise 3.2 Basic Microscope Techniques

(4)

Exercise 3.3 The Stereoscopic Microscope

(2)

Exercise 3.4 The Electron Microscope

(2)

Exercise 3.5 The Organization of Cells

(7)

Questions for Review

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

(1)

References

(3)

Diffusion and Osmosis

(28)

Laboratory Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(21)

Exercise 4.1 Diffusion of Molecules

(5)

Exercise 4.2 Osmotic Activity in Cells

(6)

Exercise 4.3 Investigating Osmolarity of Plant Cells

(8)

Questions for Review

104

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

104

(2)

References

106

(5)

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

111

(24)

Laboratory Objectives

111

(1)

Introduction

111

(18)

Exercise 5.1 Alcoholic Fermentation

114

(7)

Exercise 5.2 Cellular Respiration

121

(7)

Exercise 5.3 Designing and Performing Your Independent Investigation

128

(1)

Questions for Review

129

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

130

(1)

References

131

(4)

Photosynthesis

135

(22)

Laboratory Objectives

135

(1)

Introduction

135

(15)

Exercise 6.1 The Wavelengths of Light for Photosynthesis

136

(4)

Exercise 6.2 Pigments in Photosynthesis

140

(2)

Exercise 6.3 Separation and Identification of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography

142

(3)

Exercise 6.4 Determining the Absorption Spectrum for Leaf Pigments

145

(5)

Questions for Review

150

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

151

(1)

Investigative Extensions

152

(1)

References

152

(5)

Mitosis and Meiosis

157

(30)

Laboratory Objectives

157

(1)

Introduction

157

(22)

Exercise 7.1 Modeling the Cell Cycle and Mitosis in an Animal Cell

158

(5)

Exercise 7.2 Observing Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

163

(3)

Exercise 7.3 Observing Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

166

(2)

Exercise 7.4 Modeling Meiosis

168

(7)

Exercise 7.5 Meiosis in Sordaria fimicola: A Study of Crossing Over

175

(4)

Questions for Review

179

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

180

(2)

Investigative Extensions

182

(1)

References

182

(5)

Mendelian Genetics: Fast Plants

187

(30)

Laboratory Objectives

187

(1)

Introduction

187

(5)

Overview of Exercises

192

(1)

General Procedures for All Exercises

192

(19)

Exercise 8.1 Inheritance of Anthocyanin Gene

196

(4)

Exercise 8.2 Inheritance of Plant Color: Green, Yellow-Green, and Purple (Anthocyanin Present)

200

(6)

Exercise 8.3 Inheritance of Variegated and Nonvariegated Leaf Color

206

(5)

Questions for Review

211

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

212

(1)

Investigative Extensions

212

(1)

References

213

(4)

Mendelian Genetics: Drosophila

217

(26)

Laboratory Objectives

217

(1)

Introduction

217

(18)

Exercise 9.1 Establishing the Enzyme Reaction Controls

218

(6)

Exercise 9.2 Determining the Pattern of Inheritance of the AldoxGene

224

(4)

Exercise 9.3 Determining Parental Genotypes Using Evidence from Progeny

228

(3)

Exercise 9.4 Mapping Genes

231

(4)

Questions for Review

235

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

235

(1)

Investigative Extensions

236

(1)

References

236

(7)

Molecular Biology

243

(28)

Laboratory Objectives

243

(1)

Introduction

243

(22)

Exercise 10.1 Mapping DNA Using Restriction Enzymes and Electrophoresis

245

(16)

Exercise 10.2 Practice Problem for Mapping DNA

261

(4)

Questions for Review

265

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

265

(1)

References

266

(5)

Population Genetics I: The Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

271

(30)

Laboratory Objectives

271

(1)

Introduction

271

(23)

Exercise 11.1 Testing Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Using a Bead Model

274

(3)

Exercise 11.2 Simulation of Evolutionary Change Using the Bead Model

277

(16)

Exercise 11.3 Investigating the Evolution of Populations Using Computer Simulations

293

(1)

Questions for Review

294

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

295

(2)

References

297

(4)

Population Genetics II: Determining Genetic Variation

301

(26)

Laboratory Objectives

301

(1)

Introduction

301

(19)

Exercise 12.1 Interpreting Banding Patterns in a Gel

302

(14)

Exercise 12.2 Interpreting Results of Gels of a Hypothetical Population

316

(4)

Questions for Review

320

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

321

(2)

References

323

(4)

Bacteriology

327

(34)

Laboratory Objectives

327

(1)

Introduction

327

(26)

Exercise 13.1 Investigating Characteristics of Bacteria

328

(9)

Exercise 13.2 Ecological Succession of Bacteria in Milk

337

(3)

Exercise 13.3 Bacteria in the Environment

340

(8)

Exercise 13.4 Controlling the Growth of Bacteria

348

(5)

Questions for Review

353

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

353

(2)

Investigative Extensions

355

(1)

References

356

(5)

Protists and Fungi

361

(38)

Laboratory Objectives

361

(1)

Introduction

361

(30)

Exercise 14.1 The Protists

363

(16)

Exercise 14.2 The Kingdom Fungi

379

(10)

Exercise 14.3 Designing Your Independent Investigation

389

(2)

Questions for Review

391

(2)

Applying Your Knowledge

393

(1)

References

394

(5)

Plant Diversity I: Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes) and Seedless Vascular Plants

399

(26)

Laboratory Objectives

399

(1)

Introduction

399

(18)

Exercise 15.1 Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes)

403

(6)

Exercise 15.2 Seedless Vascular Plants

409

(8)

Questions for Review

417

(2)

Applying Your Knowledge

419

(2)

Investigative Extensions

421

(1)

References

421

(4)

Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants

425

(28)

Laboratory Objectives

425

(1)

Gymnosperms

425

(1)

Angiosperms

426

(19)

Exercise 16.1 Gymnosperms

427

(6)

Exercise 16.2 Angiosperms

433

(12)

Questions for Review

445

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

446

(1)

Investigative Extensions

447

(1)

References

448

(5)

Animal Diversity I

453

(22)

Laboratory Objectives

453

(1)

Introduction

453

(21)

Exercise 17.1 Phylum Porifera---Sponges (Scypha)

458

(2)

Exercise 17.2 Phylum Cnidaria---Hydras (Hydra)

460

(3)

Exercise 17.3 Phylum Platyhelminthes---Planarians (Dugesia)

463

(3)

Exercise 17.4 Phylum Annelida---Clamworms (Nereis) and Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris)

466

(4)

Exercise 17.5 Phylum Mollusca---Clams

470

(4)

Applying Your Knowledge

474

(1)

References

474

(1)

Animal Diversity II

475

(34)

Exercise 18.1 Phylum Nematoda---Roundworms (Ascaris)

475

(4)

Exercise 18.2 Phylum Arthropoda

479

(7)

Exercise 18.3 Deuterostome---Phylum Echinodermata---Sea Star (Demonstration)

486

(3)

Exercise 18.4 Deuterostome---Phylum Chordata

489

(7)

Results

496

(1)

Results Summary

496

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

496

(6)

References

502

(7)

Plant Anatomy

509

(34)

Laboratory Objectives

509

(1)

Introduction

509

(1)

Summary of Basic Plant Tissues and Cell Types

510

(24)

Exercise 19.1 Plant Morphology

513

(2)

Exercise 19.2 Plant Primary Growth and Development

515

(1)

Exercise 19.3 Cell Structure of Primary Tissues

516

(14)

Exercise 19.4 Cell Structure of Tissues Produced by Secondary Growth

530

(3)

Exercise 19.5 Grocery Store Botany: Modifications of Plant Organs

533

(1)

Questions for Review

534

(2)

Applying Your Knowledge

536

(2)

Investigative Extensions

538

(1)

References

539

(4)

Plant Growth

543

(22)

Laboratory Objectives

543

(1)

Introduction

543

(1)

Germinating Seeds and Growing Plants for Independent Investigations

544

(15)

Exercise 20.1 Factors Influencing Seed Germination

547

(3)

Exercise 20.2 Plant Growth Regulators: Auxin

550

(4)

Exercise 20.3 Plant Growth Regulators: Gibberellins

554

(4)

Exercise 20.4 Designing Your Independent Investigation

558

(1)

Questions for Review

559

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

560

(1)

References

561

(4)

Vertebrate Anatomy I: The Skin and Digestive System

565

(26)

Overview of Vertebrate Anatomy Labs (Lab Topics 21, 22, and 23)

565

(1)

Laboratory Objectives

566

(1)

Introduction to Tissues

566

(20)

Exercise 21.1 Histology of the Skin

570

(3)

Exercise 21.2 Introduction to the Fetal Pig

573

(4)

Exercise 21.3 The Digestive System in the Fetal Pig

577

(9)

Applying Your Knowledge

586

(1)

References

587

(4)

Vertebrate Anatomy II: The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

591

(22)

Laboratory Objectives

591

(1)

Introduction

591

(17)

Exercise 22.1 Glands and Respiratory Structures of the Neck and Thoracic Cavity

592

(1)

Exercise 22.2 The Heart and the Pulmonary Blood Circuit

593

(3)

Exercise 22.3 The Heart and the Systemic Circuit in the Thorax

596

(3)

Exercise 22.4 The Systemic Circuit in the Abdominal Cavity

599

(5)

Exercise 22.5 Fetal Pig Circulation

604

(1)

Exercise 22.6 Details of the Respiratory System

605

(3)

Applying Your Knowledge

608

(2)

References

610

(3)

Vertebrate Anatomy III: The Excretory, Reproductive, and Nervous Systems

613

(24)

Laboratory Objectives

613

(1)

Introduction

613

(19)

Exercise 23.1 The Excretory System

614

(3)

Exercise 23.2 The Reproductive System

617

(9)

Exercise 23.3 Nervous Tissue, the Reflex Arc, and the Vertebrate Eye

626

(6)

Applying Your Knowledge

632

(1)

References

633

(4)

Animal Development

637

(32)

Laboratory Objectives

637

(1)

Introduction

637

(1)

Overview of Stages in Early Development

638

(23)

Exercise 24.1 Development in Echinoderms: Sea Urchin and Sea Star

642

(6)

Exercise 24.2 Development in an Amphibian

648

(2)

Exercise 24.3 Development in the Zebra Fish

650

(4)

Exercise 24.4 Development in a Bird: The Chicken

654

(7)

Questions for Review

661

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

662

(2)

Investigative Extensions

664

(1)

References

665

(4)

Ecology I: Terrestrial Ecology

669

(42)

Laboratory Objectives

669

(1)

Introduction

669

(2)

Stating the Problem

671

(28)

Exercise 25.1 Biotic Components

672

(13)

Exercise 25.2 Abiotic Components

685

(4)

Exercise 25.3 Data Analysis

689

(10)

Questions for Review

699

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

700

(2)

Optional Exercise 25.1 Biotic Components: Weedy Lots or Fields

702

(1)

References

703

(8)

Ecology II: Computer Simulations of a Pond Ecosystem

711

(30)

Laboratory Objectives

711

(1)

Introduction

711

(1)

The Pond Ecosystem

712

(23)

Exercise 26.1 Computer Model of the Pond Ecosystem

713

(9)

Exercise 26.2 Effects of Disturbance on the Pond Ecosystem

722

(13)

Questions for Review

735

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

736

(1)

Investigative Extension

737

(1)

References

737

(4)

Animal Behavior

741

(22)

Laboratory Objectives

741

(1)

Introduction

741

(17)

Exercise 27.1 Taxis in Brine Shrimp

743

(3)

Exercise 27.2 Kinesis in Pill Bugs

746

(3)

Exercise 27.3 Agonistic Display in Male Siamese Fighting Fish

749

(5)

Exercise 27.4 Reproductive Behavior in Fruit Flies

754

(4)

Questions for Review

758

(1)

Applying Your Knowledge

758

(2)

References

760

(3)

Scientific Writing

763

(10)

Chi-Square Test

773

(4)

Terminology and Techniques for Dissection

777

(10)

List of Color Plates

787

(2)

Color Plates

789

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