Introduction xi

I.1 Why All the Excitement? xi

I.2 Historical Perspective xiv

I.3 Book Outline xvii

1 Modeling: Understanding Metal-Nanoparticle Plasmons 1

1.1 Classical Picture: Solutions of Maxwell’s Equations 2

1.2 Discrete Plasmon Resonances in Particles 13

1.3 Overview of Numerical Methods 25

1.4 A Model System: Gold Nanorods 31

1.5 Size-Dependent Effects in Small Particles 39

References 46

2 Making: Synthesis and Fabrication of Metal Nanoparticles 51

2.1 Top-Down: Lithography 52

2.2 Bottom-Up: Colloidal Synthesis 67

2.3 Self-Assembly and Hybrid Methods 76

2.4 Chemical Assembly 86

References 92

3 Measuring: Characterization of Plasmons in Metal Nanoparticles 97

3.1 Ensemble Optical Measurements 97

3.2 Single-Particle Optical Measurements 102

3.3 Electron Microscopy 125

References 132

4 Coupled Plasmons in Metal Nanoparticles 135

4.1 Pairs of Metal Nanoparticles 136

4.2 Understanding Complex Nanostructures Using Coupled Plasmons 149

References 161

5 Nonlinear Optical Response of Metal Nanoparticles 165

5.1 Review of Optical Nonlinearities 166

5.2 Time-Resolved Spectroscopy 170

5.3 Harmonic Generation 187

References 191

6 Coupling Plasmons in Metal Nanoparticles to Emitters 193

6.1 Plasmon-Modified Emission 193

6.2 Plasmon–Emitter Interactions Beyond Emission Enhancement 210

References 225

7 Some Potential Applications of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles 229

7.1 Refractive-Index Sensing and Molecular Detection 229

7.2 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering 233

7.3 Near-Field Microscopy, Photolithography, and Data Storage 239

7.4 Photodetectors and Solar Cells 242

7.5 Optical Tweezers 249

7.6 Optical Metamaterials 254

References 266

Index 271

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