Rent 9780205439614 | Introduction to Human Services : Through the Eyes of Practice Settings

Summary Table of Contents

This highly readable human services text offers a generalist view of the breadth and scope of human services. It uses various practice settings as a lens for examining the role and functions of the human service professional. Highly Readable Offers a Generalist view of human services Ten practice settings are explored comprehensively, including the history and role of the human service professional, common clinical issues, and intervention strategies used within a given practice setting. Case studies in each chapter, taken from actual human ser... MOREvice practice situations. A chapter on faith-based agencies, a long neglected practice setting, focusing on agencies from three of the world's major religions. Native American issues, including a history of governmental oppression, are also covered in most multicultural sections. A chapter on violence explores issues the human service professional faces both with victims and perpetrators. A comprehensive chapter on Macro Practice addresses this growing and important field, including social injustice such as crimes against women and children, hate crimes, sweatshops, human sex trafficking, FGM, and economic injustice in developing countries. A chapter on ethical considerations and standards. Human Services Human Services

Introduction to Human Services, First Edition By:Michelle Martin (Judson College) Overview: This highly readable human services text offers a generalist view of the breadth and scope of human services. Features: Ten practice settings are explored in depth, including the history and role of the human service professional, common clinical issues, and intervention strategies used within a given practice setting. A chapter on faith-based agencies, a long neglected practice setting, focuses on agencies from three of the worldrs"s major religions. Native American issues, including a history of governmental oppression, are covered. A comprehensive chapter on Macro Practice addresses this growing and important field, including social injustice such as crimes against women and children, hate crimes, sweatshops, human sex trafficking, FGM, and economic injustice in developing countries. What Reviewers Are Saying: "The strengths of this new text include the depth and breadth of topics presented; the application of information to real cases; the comprehensive look at the nature and qualifications of the profession; and the organization of the material. I would definitely consider using this text for my introductory course in human services." --Joyce Clohessey, Westmoreland County Community College "The approach taken by Martin is refreshing, as it ls"cuts to the chasers" of the helping profession. Many students enter the field of helping with only an abstract sense of their career path. Martinrs"s approach would assist students in having a more concrete view of the populations and issues in the helping professions as well as the individual skills and knowledge base needed by the professional. I especially enjoy the idea of having more information on faith based work, as many of my students express an interest in this area." --Stephanie Ziegler Briggs, Central Piedmont Community College [ Insert MyHelpingLab Advertisement ]

Preface

xix

part one Human Services as a Profession

(34)

Introduction to the Human Services Profession: Purpose, Preparation, Practice, and Theoretical Orientations

... MORE

(18)

The Many Types of Human Service Professionals

(2)

Why Is Human Services Needed?

(2)

Human Service Professionals: Educational Requirements and Professional Standards

(4)

Human Service Education and Licensure

(2)

Duties and Functions of a Human Service Professional

(2)

How Do Human Service Professionals Practice?

(4)

Theoretical Frameworks Used in Human Services

(2)

Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

(1)

PIE---Person in Environment

(1)

Eco-Systems Theory

(1)

Understanding Human Services through a Look at Practice Settings

(3)

History and Evolution of the Human Services Profession

(15)

The Feudal System of the Middle Ages

(1)

Poor Laws of England

(2)

The Elizabethan Poor Laws

(2)

Charity Organization Societies

(1)

Jane Addams and the Settlement House Movement

(3)

Influences of African-American Social Workers

(1)

The New Deal and the Social Security Act of 1935

(1)

Concluding Thoughts on the History of Human Services

(3)

part two Clinical Issues and the Role of the Human Service Professional

(344)

Skills and Intervention Strategies for Generalist Practice

(24)

Informed Consent and Confidentiality

(2)

The Limits of Confidentiality

(2)

Skills and Competencies

(5)

Sympathy and Empathy

(2)

Boundary Setting

(2)

The Hallmarks of Personal Growth

(1)

The Clinical Assessment

(3)

Patience

(1)

Active Listening Skills

(1)

Observation Skills

(1)

Family Genograms

(2)

Psychological Testing

(1)

Clinical Diagnoses

(3)

Criticisms of the DSM-IV-TR

(1)

Continuum of Mental Health

(1)

Case Management and Counseling

(1)

Basic Counseling Techniques for Generalist Practice

(5)

Task-Centered Casework

(3)

Perceptual Reframing, Emotional Regulation, Networking, and Advocacy

(1)

Concluding Thoughts on Generalist Practice

(2)

Child and Family Services

(48)

Overview and Purpose of Child and Family Services Agencies

(1)

The History of the Foster Care System in the United States

(6)

The U.S. Orphan Problem

(1)

The Orphan Asylum

(1)

The Seeds of Foster Care: The Orphan Trains

(3)

Overview of the Current U.S. Child Welfare System

(3)

Getting into the System

(1)

Child Abuse Investigations

(5)

Mandated Reporters

(1)

Sequence of Events in the Reporting and Investigation of Child Abuse

(1)

Types of Child Maltreatment

(1)

The Forensic Interview

(1)

To Intervene, or Not Intervene: Models for Decision Making

(1)

Working with Children in Placement

(5)

Permanency Plans

(2)

Working with Biological Families

(2)

Biological Parents and Their Children: Maintaining the Connection

(1)

Working with Foster Children: Common Clinical Issues

(5)

Separation

(1)

Loss, Grief, and Mourning

(1)

Identity Issues

(1)

Continuity of Family Ties

(1)

Crisis

(1)

Working with Foster Parents

(1)

Reunification

(1)

Family Preservation

(1)

Minority Populations and Multicultural Considerations

(5)

Placing Children of Color in Caucasian Homes

(1)

Native Americans and the U.S. Child Welfare System

(2)

Concluding Thoughts on Child Protective Services

(1)

Adoption Services

(9)

Domestic Adoption

(2)

Independent Adoption

(1)

Private Agency Adoptions

(4)

International Adoption

101

(1)

Special-Needs Adoption

102

(2)

Concluding Thoughts on Child and Family Services

104

(4)

Adolescent Services

108

(24)

Adolescence: A New Stage of Development?

110

(1)

Developmental Perspectives

111

(2)

Common Clinical Issues and the Role of the Human Service Professional

113

(12)

Abstract Reasoning: A Dangerous Weapon in the Hands of an Adolescent

113

(1)

Adolescent Rebellion

114

(1)

Externalizing Behaviors

115

(1)

Internalizing Behaviors

116

(6)

Eating Disorders in the Adolescent Population

122

(1)

Schizophrenia in the Adolescent Population

123

(1)

Other Clinical Issues Affecting the Adolescent Population

124

(1)

Practice Settings Specific to Adolescent Treatment

125

(2)

Multicultural Considerations

127

(1)

Concluding Thoughts on Adolescents

128

(4)

Aging and Services for the Elderly

132

(30)

The Aging of America: Changing Demographics

135

(1)

Old and Old-Old: A Developmental Perspective

136

(2)

Successful Aging

138

(1)

Current Issues Affecting the Elderly and the Role of the Human Service Professional

139

(17)

Ageism

140

(2)

Housing

142

(2)

Homelessness and the Elderly Population

144

(1)

Adjustment to Retirement

145

(3)

Grandparents Parenting

148

(4)

Depression

152

(1)

Dementia

153

(1)

Elder Abuse

154

(2)

Practice Settings Serving the Elderly

156

(1)

Special Populations

157

(1)

Concluding Thoughts on Services to the Elderly

158

(4)

Mental Health and Mental Illness

162

(34)

The History of Mental Illness: Perceptions and Treatment

164

(3)

The Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally III

166

(1)

Common Mental Illnesses and Clinical Issues

167

(8)

Serious Mental Disorders Diagnosed on Axis I

168

(1)

Psychotic Disorders

168

(1)

Affective Disorders

169

(3)

Serious Mental Disorders Diagnosed on Axis II

172

(3)

Mental Health Practice Settings and Counseling Interventions

175

(6)

Intervention Strategies

176

(2)

Common Practice Settings

178

(3)

Mental Illness and Special Populations

181

(8)

Mental Illness and the Homeless Population

181

(2)

Mental Illness and the Prison Population: The Criminalization of the Mentally III

183

(4)

Mental Health Courts

187

(1)

Multicultural Considerations

188

(1)

Current Legislation Affecting Access to Mental Health Services

189

(4)

Mental Health Parity Act of 1996

189

(1)

The President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health

190

(3)

Concluding Thoughts on Mental Health and Mental Illness

193

(3)

Homelessness

196

(28)

The Nature of Homelessness: How Many People are Homeless and Why

197

(4)

The Causes of Homelessness

199

(2)

History of Homelessness in the United States

201

(3)

The Contemporary Picture of Homelessness: The Rise of Single-Parent Families

204

(7)

Homeless Shelter Living for Families with Children

206

(1)

Homeless Children: School Attendance and Academic Performance

207

(1)

Runaway Youth

208

(2)

Single Men, the Mentally III, and Substance Abuse

210

(1)

The Elderly Homeless

210

(1)

Current Policies and Legislation

211

(3)

The Role of the Human Service Professional: Working with the Homeless Population: Common Clinical Issues

214

(7)

Common Practice Settings for Working with the Homeless Population

219

(2)

Concluding Thoughts on Homelessness

221

(3)

Health Care and Hospice

224

(30)

Human Services in Hospitals

225

(9)

Crisis and Trauma Counseling

228

(2)

Working with Patients with HIV/AIDS

230

(4)

The Hospice Movement

234

(3)

The History of Hospice: The Neglect of the Dying

234

(1)

The Hospice Philosophy

235

(1)

The Hospice Team

236

(1)

The Role of the Hospice Human Services Worker

237

(7)

The Psychosocial Assessment

237

(1)

Intervention Strategies

238

(1)

Case Management and Counseling Services

239

(1)

Resisting the Reality of the Death

240

(1)

Planning for the Death

241

(1)

The Spiritual Component of Dying

242

(2)

Death and Dying: Effective Bereavement Counseling

244

(3)

The Journey Through Grief: A Task-Centered Approach

244

(3)

Multicultural Issues

247

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas in Hospice Care

248

(2)

Concluding Thoughts on Human Services in Hospice Settings

250

(4)

Substance Abuse and Treatment

254

(34)

History of the Practice Setting

256

(1)

History of Use and Early Treatment Efforts within the United States

256

(3)

The Prohibition Movement

258

(1)

The Rise of Modern Addiction Treatment in the United States

259

(1)

Demographics, Prevalence, and Usage Patterns

259

(2)

Defining Terms and Concepts

261

(1)

Theoretical Models of Use and Abuse

262

(3)

Types of Substances Abused

265

(3)

Abuse of Prescription Drugs

266

(2)

Common Clinical Issues and the Role of the Human Service Professional

268

(2)

The Presence of Substance Abuse Across All Practice Settings

268

(1)

Acceptance of Problem

268

(1)

Hitting Bottom

269

(1)

Clinical Interventions

270

(2)

Motivational Interviewing

271

(1)

Cultural Sensitivity

272

(1)

Defining Treatment Goals

273

(1)

Abstinence

273

(1)

Harm Reduction

273

(1)

Mode of Service Delivery

274

(3)

Availability of Treatment

274

(1)

Public Programs

274

(1)

Private Programs

274

(1)

Continuum of Care

275

(2)

Treatment Modalities

277

(1)

The Role of the Human Services Professional

277

(1)

Stages of Recovery

278

(1)

Relapse Prevention

279

(1)

Common Treatment Settings

279

(5)

Detoxification Programs

280

(1)

Inpatient Treatment Programs

280

(1)

Partial Hospitalization Programs

281

(1)

Residential Treatment Programs

281

(1)

Outpatient Treatment

282

(1)

Pharmacological Treatments

282

(1)

Self-Help

283

(1)

Family Involvement

283

(1)

Concluding Thoughts on Substance Abuse

284

(4)

Human Services in the Schools

288

(28)

School Social Work

290

(6)

The School Social Work Model

292

(1)

School Social Work Roles, Functions, and Core Competencies

292

(4)

School Counseling

296

(3)

Historical Roots of School Counseling

296

(1)

School Counselors: Professional Identity

297

(1)

The Urban Problem

297

(1)

Common Roles and Functions of School Counselors

298

(1)

School Psychologists

299

(13)

Common Clinical Issues and Effective Responses by Human Services Personnel

300

(1)

Depression and other Mental Health Concerns

300

(2)

Diversity and Race

302

(2)

Gay, Lesbian, and Transgendered Youth

304

(1)

The Terrorism Threat and the Impact of Living During Wartime

305

(1)

Substance Abuse

306

(2)

Child Abuse and Neglect

308

(1)

Teenage Pregnancy

308

(2)

ADD and ADHD

310

(2)

Concluding Thoughts on Schools

312

(4)

Faith-Based Agencies

316

(34)

Faith-Based versus Secular Organizations

318

(2)

Faith-Based Community Initiatives Act

320

(1)

Methods of Practice in Faith-Based Agencies

321

(3)

The Benefits of Faith-Based Services

322

(1)

Religious Diversity in Faith-Based Organizations

323

(1)

Faith-Based Agencies: Services and Intervention Strategies

324

(23)

Jewish Human Services: Agencies and the Role of the Human Services Professional

324

(1)

United Jewish Communities: The Federations of North America

325

(1)

Association of Jewish Family Services and Children's Agencies

326

(6)

Christian Human Services: Agencies and the Role of the Human Services Professional

332

(2)

Rural Communities and the Black Church

334

(1)

Catholic Charities

334

(2)

Prison Fellowship Ministries

336

(1)

Teen Challenge

337

(4)

Islamic Human Services: Agencies and the Role of the Human Services Professional

341

(3)

Islamic Social Services Association

344

(1)

Inner-City Muslim Action Network

344

(1)

Muslim Family Services

344

(3)

Concluding Thoughts on Faith-Based Human Services Agencies

347

(3)

Violence, Victim Advocacy, and Corrections

350

(29)

Domestic Violence

352

(9)

The Nature of Domestic Violence: The Cycle of Violence

353

(1)

Counseling Victims of Domestic Violence

354

(1)

Whose Fault Is It Anyway? Attributing Causality of Abuse in the Relationship

354

(2)

Does She Stay or Does She Go?

356

(1)

Domestic Violence Practice Settings

357

(1)

The Prosecution of Domestic Violence

358

(1)

Batterers Programs

359

(2)

Sexual Assault

361

(3)

Why People Commit Rape

361

(1)

The Psychological Impact of Sexual Assault

362

(1)

Male-on-Male Sexual Assault

362

(1)

Common Practice Settings: Rape Crisis Centers

363

(1)

Victims of Violent Crime

364

(5)

The Victims' Bill of Rights

365

(1)

Victim-Witness Assistance

365

(2)

Surviving Victims of Homicide

367

(1)

Common Clinical Issues When Working with Victims of All Violent Crime

368

(1)

Perpetrators of Crime

368

(1)

Gang Activity

369

(1)

Risk Factors of Gang Involvement

369

(2)

Human Services Practice Settings Focusing on Gang Involvement

370

(1)

Human Services in Prison Settings

371

(1)

The War on Drugs

371

(4)

Clinical Issues in the Prison Population: The Role of the Human Services Professional

372

(1)

Mental Health Programs in Correctional Facilities

373

(1)

Prison and Pregnancy

373

(1)

STDs and AIDS

373

(1)

Barriers to Treatment

374

(1)

Concluding Thoughts on Corrections Human Services

375

(4)

part three Macro Practice, Ethics, and Future Considerations

379

(41)

Macro Practice and International Social Justice

380

(28)

Why Macro Practice?

382

(2)

Vulnerable and Oppressed Populations

384

(4)

Mobilizing for Change: Shared Goals of Effective Macro Practice Techniques

388

(3)

Common Aspects of Macro Practice

388

(1)

Community Development

388

(1)

Community Organizing

389

(1)

Policy Practice

390

(1)

The Global Community: International Human Services

391

(13)

HIV/AIDS Pandemic

394

(1)

Crimes Against Women and Children

394

(1)

Female Genital Mutilation

394

(1)

Human Sex Trafficking

395

(1)

Street Children

396

(1)

Child Labor and Economic Injustice

397

(3)

Indigenous People

400

(1)

Torture and Abuse

401

(1)

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Rights

402

(2)

Macro Practice in Action

404

(4)

Professional Ethics and Values in Human Services

408

(12)

Moral, But by Whose Standards?

410

(1)

Ethical Values vs. Emotional Desires: ``I Know It Was Wrong, But We Were in Love!''

410

(1)

When Our Values Collide: ``I Value Honesty, But What If Lives Are at Stake?''

411

(1)

The Development of Moral Reasoning

412

(1)

Developing a Professional Code of Ethics

413

(1)

Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

414

(1)

Cultural Influences on the Perception of Ethical Behavior

415

(1)

Ethical Standards in Human Services

415

(3)

Closing Thoughts on Professional Ethics

418

(2)

Epilogue: The Future of Human Services

420

(2)

Avoiding Professional Burnout

420

(1)

Human Services and Technology

421

(1)

Increased Need for Services

422

(1)

Glossary Terms

422

(7)

Index

429

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