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Introducing Cultural Anthropology

ISBN: 9780073107738 | 0073107735
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
Pub. Date: 5/12/2006

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SummaryTable of Contents
This shorter, but comprehensive and academically sound, anchor text is an approachable, full-color introduction to cultural anthropology. This edition continues to give students the opportunity to explore anthropology's relevance to their own lives through stories, examples, and new, unique chapter-opening vignettes. The rich visual program allows professors to assign outside reading without sacrificing visual appeal in a concise text. A relaxed writing style offers students an accessible text, which is to-the-point and well-organized yet academically solid. Unique "Try This" pedagogy asks students to think critically and apply anthropological concepts, perspectives and methods, and the "Anthropology Around Us" boxes focus on the application of anthropological concepts featured in each chapter. An appendix on "How to Read Ethnography" gives students practical steps for getting the most out of reading and comparing ethnographies.
To the Instructorxx
To the Studentxviii
PART ONE BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODS IN ANTHROPOLOGY
1(92)
Anthropology: What Are Its Subfields and Persp... MORE
2(22)
What Anthropologists Study
4(1)
The Subfields of Anthropology
4(8)
Cultural Anthropology
5(1)
Archaeology
6(4)
Linguistics
10(1)
Biological Anthropology
11(1)
How Anthropology Is Unique
12(7)
Anthropology Is Holistic
12(1)
Anthropologists Do Fieldwork
13(1)
Anthropology Around Us Forensic Anthropology in the News
14(2)
Anthropologists Focus on the Comparative Method
16(1)
Anthropologists Use the Perspective of Cultural Relativism
17(1)
Should There Be Any Universal Values?
18(1)
The Scientific Approach in Anthropology
19(2)
Postmodernism in Anthropology
21(1)
Summary
22(1)
Study Questions
22(1)
Suggested Readings
22(1)
Suggested Web Sites
23(1)
Culture: What Makes Us Strangers When We Are Away from Home?
24(24)
Defining Culture
26(10)
Components of Culture
28(2)
Cultural Processes
30(2)
Blueprints
32(1)
Additional Features of Culture
32(4)
Ideal Culture and Real Culture
36(1)
Anthropology Around Us Cute Protein
37(1)
Subcultures and Ethnic Groups
37(1)
Subcultures
37(1)
Ethnic Groups
38(1)
Race
38(5)
Human Biological Variation: Clines and Plasticity
39(4)
Race as a Social Construct
43(1)
Culture in the Subfields of Anthropology
43(2)
Challenges to the Culture Concept
45(1)
Summary
46(1)
Study Questions
46(1)
Suggested Readings
47(1)
Suggested Web Sites
47(1)
Fieldwork: How Are Data Gathered?
48(24)
Preparing for the Field
50(3)
Ethics
50(1)
Theoretical Models
51(1)
Approaches to Ethnography
51(1)
Research Proposals, Funding, and Budgets
52(1)
Anthropology Around Us Ethnography in the Workplace
53(1)
Entering the Native Community and Adapting
53(8)
Adapting Physically and Psychologically
54(6)
Establishing Rapport
60(1)
Gathering Data
61(8)
Role of the Fieldworker
62(1)
Sampling Methods
63(1)
Problems with Sampling
64(1)
Use of Informants
64(2)
Interview Methods
66(1)
Genealogical Method
67(1)
Life Histories
67(1)
Photography
67(2)
Analyzing Data and Preparing a Report
69(1)
Summary
70(1)
Study Questions
70(1)
Suggested Readings
71(1)
Suggested Web Sites
71(1)
Language: Is This What Makes Us Human?
72(21)
The Study of Language
74(8)
Descriptive Linguistics
74(3)
Historical Linguistics
77(1)
Language and Culture
77(4)
The Complexity of Languages
81(1)
Anthropology Around Us Language and Gender
82(1)
Human Versus Nonhuman Systems of Communication
82(2)
Silent Language as Part of Symbolic Communication
84(6)
Kinesics
86(1)
Proxemics
87(1)
Cultural Time
88(1)
Words
88(2)
Silence
90(1)
Material Culture
90(1)
Summary
90(1)
Study Questions
91(1)
Suggested Readings
91(1)
Suggested Web Sites
91(2)
PART TWO CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTIVE PATTERNS
93(196)
Subsistence Strategies and Resource Allocation I: What Challenges Face Foragers?
94(24)
An Evolutionary-Ecological Paradigm
96(5)
The Evolutionary Model
96(3)
The Ecological Model
99(1)
The Evolutionary-Ecological Model
100(1)
Economics and the Model
100(1)
Technology as an Element in Production Strategies
101(4)
Anthropology Around Us Edible Insects
104(1)
Foraging as a Subsistence Strategy
105(11)
The Foraging Spectrum
105(2)
Features Associated with Foraging Lifeways
107(8)
Foraging Societies Today
115(1)
Summary
116(1)
Study Questions
116(1)
Suggested Readings
117(1)
Suggested Web Sites
117(1)
Subsistence Strategies and Resource Allocation II: How Did Food Production Transform Culture?
118(22)
The Evolutionary-Ecological Model Continued
120(1)
Horticulture as a Subsistence Strategy
120(7)
Features Associated with Horticultural Lifeways
121(6)
Pastoralism as a Subsistence Strategy
127(4)
Features Associated with Pastoral Lifeways
128(2)
Horticulturalists and Pastoralists Today
130(1)
Agriculture as a Subsistence Strategy
131(7)
Features Associated with Intensive Agricultural Lifeways
132(5)
Anthropology Around Us Is Slow Food Making a Fast Comeback?
137(1)
Summary
138(1)
Study Questions
138(1)
Suggested Readings
139(1)
Suggested Web Sites
139(1)
Marriage, Family, and Residence: What Are the Possibilities?
140(28)
Diagramming Kinship
142(1)
Marriage Rules
143(4)
Exogamy and Endogamy
143(2)
The Levirate and the Sororate
145(1)
Anthropology Around Us Outdated Traditions?
146(1)
Marriage Forms and Functions
147(6)
Monogamy
148(1)
Polygamy
148(4)
Sister Exchange Marriage
152(1)
Mate Choice and Marriage Finance
153(2)
Mate Choice
153(1)
Marriage Finance
154(1)
Family
155(6)
Traditional Family Forms
156(4)
Family Forms in Industrialized Societies
160(1)
Residence Patterns
161(4)
Summary
165(1)
Study Questions
165(1)
Suggested Readings
165(1)
Suggested Web Sites
166(2)
Kinship and Descent: Are These the Ties That Bind?
168(22)
Functions of Kinship Systems
170(1)
Ideal Versus Real Patterns of Kinship
171(1)
Descent Groups
172(9)
Unilineal Descent Groups
172(4)
Nonunilineal Descent Groups
176(2)
Other Descent Groups
178(1)
Associations Based on Descent
178(2)
Voluntary Association Groups
180(1)
Parallel-Cousins and Cross-Cousins Revisited
181(2)
Terminological Systems
183(5)
The Inuit Terminology System
183(1)
The Iroquois Terminology System
184(1)
Anthropology Around Us North American Kin Term Variations
185(2)
The Hawaiian Terminology System
187(1)
Other Systems
187(1)
Summary
188(1)
Study Questions
188(1)
Suggested Readings
188(2)
Suggested Web Sites
190(1)
Gender and Sexuality: Nature or Nurture?
190(24)
Margaret Mead and Early Gender Studies
192(1)
Sex and Gender
193(4)
Cultures with More Than Two Genders
197(3)
Factors Affecting Gender Roles
200(5)
Kinship
201(1)
Economic Resources
201(3)
Ideology
204(1)
Perspectives on Human Sexual Behavior
205(2)
Sexual Attraction and Behavior
207(1)
Sexual Prohibitions
208(1)
Sexual Orientation
209(3)
Anthropology Around Us Does Gender Affect Attitudes About Circumcision?
211(1)
Summary
212(1)
Study Questions
212(1)
Suggested Readings
212(1)
Suggested Web Sites
213(1)
Political Order, Disorder, and Social Control: Who Decides?
214(24)
Politics
216(1)
Power and Authority
217(1)
Forms of Political Organization and Leadership
217(10)
Anthropology Around Us Who Has the Power?
218(1)
Band Societies
219(1)
Tribal Societies
220(5)
Chiefdom Societies
225(1)
State Societies
226(1)
Rank and Stratification
227(2)
Disorder and Social Control
229(5)
Informal Means of Social Control
231(2)
Formal Means of Social Control
233(1)
External Relations: War and Peace
234(1)
Summary
235(1)
Study Questions
235(1)
Suggested Readings
236(1)
Suggested Web Sites
236(2)
Belief Systems: How Do We Explain the Unexplainable?
238(28)
Definitions of the Supernatural
240(1)
Why People Develop Belief Systems
241(5)
Cohesion and Support
241(1)
Education and Discipline
242(1)
Revitalization and Euphoria
243(2)
Ecology
245(1)
Explanation
245(1)
Types of Beliefs
246(12)
Supernatural Beings
246(4)
Supernatural Forces
250(3)
Supernatural Practices and Practitioners
253(5)
Ritual
258(3)
Anthropology Around Us Thanksgiving as a Rite of Intensification
259(2)
Revitalization Movements
261(2)
Summary
263(1)
Study Questions
264(1)
Suggested Readings
264(1)
Suggested Web Sites
264(2)
Expressions: Is This Art?
266(23)
Parameters of Human Expression
268(1)
Expressive Beginnings: Art in the Upper Paleolithic Period
269(5)
Why Do Artists Create Art?
274(2)
Art for Art's Sake
274(1)
Imitative Magic
275(1)
Cave Art as a Backdrop for Ceremonies
275(1)
Art as Symbol
276(1)
Decorative Arts
276(7)
Carving
277(2)
Textiles
279(4)
Anthropology Around Us Storytelling Festivals
283(1)
Musical Arts
283(2)
Expressive Beginnings
283(1)
Ethnomusicology
284(1)
Summary
285(1)
Study Questions
286(1)
Suggested Readings
286(1)
Suggested Web Sites
287(2)
PART THREE APPLYING THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
289
Culture Change and Globalization: What Have We Learned?
290(26)
How Cultures Change
292(1)
How Change Is Studied
293(1)
Culture Change: A Brief Historical Overview
293(4)
Lessons Learned from Directed-Change Programs
297(3)
Cultural Barriers to Change
297(2)
Social and Psychological Barriers to Change
299(1)
Stimulants to Change
299(1)
Human Problems in Change
300(4)
A Case Study of Hybrid Corn
300(2)
A Case Study of Economic Change Among Pastoralists
302(2)
Anthropology and Globalization
304(6)
Globalization, Tourism, and the Spread of Capitalism
306(3)
Technology, Mass Communication, and Transportation
309(1)
Urban Settings and Change
310(3)
Anthropology Around Us Mother's Milk
312(1)
Summary
313(1)
Study Questions
313(1)
Suggested Readings
313(1)
Suggested Web Sites
314(2)
Applying Anthropology: How Does It Make a Difference?
316
What Is Applied Anthropology?
318(1)
Useful Concepts in Applied Anthropology
318(1)
Anthropology in Business
319(4)
A Case Study of Anthropology in Business
321(2)
Anthropology in Health Care
323(5)
Anthropology Around Us Folk Illness and Medical Anthropology
324(1)
A Case Study of Anthropology in Health Care
325(3)
Anthropology in Economic Development
328(3)
A Case Study of Reforestation in Haiti
328(3)
Anthropology and You---On the Job and in the Community
331(1)
Summary
331(1)
Study Questions
332(1)
Suggested Readings
332(1)
Suggested Web Sites
333
Appendix A How Do You Read an Ethnography?1(5)
Appendix B How Do You Make String Figures?6
Glossary1(1)
Credits1(1)
References1(1)
Index1

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