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The Internet Book Everything You Need to Know About Computer Networking and How the Internet Wo...

ISBN: 9780132335539 | 0132335530
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
Pub. Date: 8/29/2006

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SummaryTable of ContentsAuthor Biography
"Internet Book, The: Everything You Need to Know About Computer Networking and How the Internet Works, 4/e u"tilizes a non-technical perspective to explain the technology of how computers communicate, what the Internet is, how the Internet works, and what the Internet can do for people. This book works to fully connect readers to the " big picture" by presenting a solid overview of networking and the Internet, rather than burying them with details. Comer assumes no prior background in computer networking or the Internet. Introduces computer com... MORE
Prefacexxv
The Internet Has Arrived
1(6)
The World Has Changed
1(1)
... MORENumbers Do Not Tell The Story
2(1)
Learning About The Internet
3(1)
Understanding The Big Picture
3(1)
Terminology And Technology
4(1)
Growth And Adaptability
4(1)
The Impact Of The Internet
4(1)
Organization Of The Book
5(1)
A Personal Note
5(2)
Getting Started: Hands-On Experience
7(8)
Introduction
7(1)
The Web: Sites And Pages
8(1)
Web Browsers and Browsing
8(1)
Using A Browser
9(1)
Examples Of Web Sites And Services
9(3)
Internet Search
12(1)
Summary
12(3)
PART I Introduction To Networking
Telephones Everywhere
15(6)
Introduction
15(1)
A Communication Service
15(1)
Selling Communication
15(1)
Limited Access
16(1)
High Cost
17(1)
The Difficult Transition
17(1)
Ubiquitous Access
18(1)
Relevance To The Internet
19(2)
The World Was Once Analog
21(10)
Introduction
21(1)
Sound, Vibrations, And Analog Recording
21(1)
Analog Electronic Devices
22(1)
Many Electronic Devices Are Analog
23(1)
The First Analog Communication
23(1)
Analog Is Simple But Inaccurate
23(1)
Sending An Analog Signal Across A Wire
24(1)
Digital Music
25(1)
The Digital Revolution
25(1)
Computers Are Digital
26(1)
Digital Recording
26(1)
Using Digital To Recreate Analog
27(1)
Why Digital Music?
28(1)
Summary
28(3)
The Once And Future Digital Network
31(8)
Introduction
31(1)
The World Was Previously Digital
31(1)
A Telegraph Is Digital
32(1)
Morse Code
32(1)
Letters And Digits In Morse Code
33(1)
Users Did Not Encounter Morse Code
34(1)
Virtually Instant Communication
34(1)
Speed Is Relative
34(1)
The Telephone Became Digital
35(1)
Relevance To The Internet
36(1)
Binary Encoding Of Data On The Internet
36(1)
Why Use Two Symbols?
36(1)
Summary
36(3)
Basic Communication
39(8)
Introduction
39(1)
Communication Using Electricity
39(1)
Signals On Wires
40(1)
Information Coding
40(1)
Modems Allow Two-Way Traffic
41(1)
A Character Code For Digital Information
42(1)
Detecting Errors
43(2)
Summary
45(2)
The Local Area Network Arrives
47(10)
Introduction
47(1)
Motivation
47(1)
Interchangeable Media
48(1)
A Computer Consists Of Circuit Boards
48(1)
Circuit Boards Plug Into A Computer
48(1)
Connecting One Computer To Another
49(1)
LAN Technologies
50(1)
Connecting A Computer To A LAN
51(1)
The Importance Of LAN Technology
52(1)
Relationship To The Internet
53(4)
PART II A Brief History Of The Internet
Internet: The Early Years
57(12)
Many Independent Networks
57(1)
The Proliferation Of LANs
57(1)
Facts About LANs
58(1)
LANs Are Incompatible
59(1)
Wide Area Technologies Exist
59(1)
Few WANs, Many LANs
60(1)
WANs and LANs Are Incompatible
61(1)
The Desirability Of A Single Network
61(1)
The Department Of Defense Had Multiple Networks
62(1)
Connecting Disconnected Machines
62(1)
The Internet Emerges
62(1)
The ARPANET Backbone
63(1)
Internet Software
63(1)
The Name Is TCP/IP
64(1)
The Shock Of An Open System
64(1)
Open Systems Are Necessary
65(1)
TCP/IP Documentation Is Online
65(2)
The Military Adopts TCP/IP
67(1)
Summary
67(1)
A Personal Note
67(2)
Two Decades Of Incredible Growth
69(12)
Introduction
69(1)
Disseminating The Software
69(1)
Meanwhile, Back In Computer Science
70(1)
The Internet Meets UNIX
70(1)
The U.S. Military Makes A Commitment
71(1)
The Internet Doubles In Size In One Year
71(1)
Every Computer Science Department
72(1)
Graduate Students Volunteer Their Time
73(1)
The IAB evolves
73(1)
The IETF
74(1)
Doubling Again In A Year
74(1)
The Internet Improves Science
75(1)
NSF Takes A Leadership Role
75(1)
Target: All Of Science And Engineering
75(1)
NSF's Approach
76(1)
The NSFNET Backbone
76(1)
The ANS Backbone
77(1)
Exponential Growth
78(1)
A Commercial Assessment
79(1)
The End Of Growth
80(1)
The Global Internet
81(8)
Introduction
81(1)
Early ARPA Networks
81(1)
Electronic Mail Among Computers
81(1)
BITNET And FIDONET
82(1)
Networks In Europe
82(2)
EBONE: The Internet In Europe
84(1)
Backbones And Internet Hierarchy
84(2)
Internet On All Continents
86(1)
The World Of Internet after 1998
87(1)
A Personal Note
87(2)
A Global Information Infrastructure
89(8)
Introduction
89(1)
Existing Infrastructure
89(1)
Communication Infrastructure
90(2)
The Internet Infrastructure
92(1)
The Internet Offers Diverse Information Services
92(1)
TCP/IP Provides Communication Facilities
92(1)
A Personal Note
93(4)
PART III How The Internet Works
Packet Switching
97(8)
Introduction
97(1)
Sharing Saves Money
97(1)
Sharing Introduces Delays
98(1)
Sharing Wires
98(1)
Selectable Channels
98(1)
Sharing By Taking Turns
99(1)
Packet Switching Avoids Delays
100(1)
Each Packet Must Be Labeled
100(1)
Computers Have Addresses
100(1)
Packets Are Not All The Same Size
101(1)
Packet Transmission Seems Instantaneous
101(1)
Sharing Is Automatic
102(1)
Network Hardware Handles Sharing
102(1)
Many Devices Can Use Packet Switching
102(1)
Relevance To The Internet
103(1)
Summary
103(2)
Internet: A Network Of Networks
105(12)
Introduction
105(1)
Network Technologies Are Incompatible
105(1)
Coping With Incompatibility
106(1)
Two Fundamental Concepts
106(2)
Using A Computer To Interconnect Networks
108(1)
Interconnecting Computers Pass Packets
109(1)
Interconnecting Computers Are Called Routers
110(1)
Routers Are The Building Blocks Of The Internet
110(1)
The Internet Includes Multiple Types Of Networks
111(1)
Routers Can Interconnect WANs And LANs
111(2)
The Hierarchical Structure Of The Internet
113(1)
Where Packets Travel
114(1)
Interconnecting Networks Was Revolutionary
114(1)
Summary
115(2)
ISPs: Broadband And Wireless Access
117(10)
Introduction
117(1)
Internet Service Providers And Fees
117(1)
Customer Connections Form The Last Mile
118(1)
Leased Circuits Are Expensive
118(1)
Dial-up Access Is Inexpensive, But Slow
119(1)
Broadband Connections Offer High Speed
120(1)
The Important Concept Of Continuous Connectivity
120(1)
Instantaneous Access Changes Use
121(1)
Modern Technologies Offer Inexpensive Dedicated Access
121(3)
Wireless Access Is Available
124(1)
Wi-Fi And 3G Wireless Technologies
124(1)
A Personal Note
125(2)
IP: Software To Create A Virtual Network
127(10)
Introduction
127(1)
Protocol: An Agreement For Communication
127(1)
Basic Functionality: The Internet Protocol
128(1)
IP Software On Every Machine
128(1)
Internet Packets Are Called Datagrams
128(1)
The Illusion Of A Giant Network
129(1)
The Internet's Internal Structure
130(1)
Datagrams Travel In Packets
131(1)
Every Computer Is Assigned A Unique Address
132(1)
Internet Addresses
132(1)
An Odd IP Address Syntax
132(1)
IP Addresses Are Not Random
133(1)
A Trip Through An Example Internet
133(1)
How Fast Is Your Connection?
134(1)
Summary
135(2)
TCP: Software For Reliable Communication
137(6)
Introduction
137(1)
A Packet Switching System Can Be Overrun
137(2)
TCP Helps IP Guarantee Delivery
139(1)
TCP Provides A Connection Between Computer Programs
140(1)
The Magic Of Recovering Lost Datagrams
140(1)
TCP Retransmission Is Automatic
141(1)
TCP And IP Work Together
141(1)
Summary
142(1)
Clients + Servers = Distributed Computing
143(6)
Introduction
143(1)
Large Computers Use Networks For Input And Output
143(1)
Small Computers Use Networks To Interact
144(1)
Distributed Computing On The Internet
144(1)
A Single Paradigm Explains All Distributed Computing
145(1)
Communicating Programs Are Clients Or Servers
146(1)
A Server Must Always Run
147(1)
Summary
147(2)
Names For Computers
149(10)
Introduction
149(1)
People Prefer Names To Numbers
149(1)
Naming A Computer Can Be Challenging Or Fun
150(1)
Computer Names Must Be Unique
151(1)
Suffixes On Computer Names
151(1)
Names With Many Parts
152(1)
Domain Names Outside The US
153(1)
Translating A Name To An Equivalent IP Address
154(1)
Domain Name System Works Like Directory Assistance
154(1)
Computer Name Lookup Is Automatic
155(1)
IP Addresses And Domain Names Are Unrelated
156(1)
Summary
157(2)
NAT: Sharing An Internet Connection
159(6)
Introduction
159(1)
High Capacity And Multiple Computers
159(1)
It Is Possible To Share A Single IP Address
160(1)
A Device For Connection Sharing Is Called A NAT Box
160(1)
A NAT Box Acts Like A Miniature ISP
161(1)
NAT Changes The Address In Each Datagram
162(1)
Computer Software Can Perform The NAT Function
162(1)
NAT Can Use A Wireless Network
163(1)
Summary
164(1)
Why The Internet Works Well
165(8)
Introduction
165(1)
The Internet Works Well
165(1)
IP Provides Flexibility
166(1)
TCP Provides Reliability
167(1)
TCP/IP Software Was Engineered For Efficiency
167(1)
TCP/IP Research Emphasized Practical Results
168(1)
The Formula For Success
168(1)
Summary
169(4)
PART IV Services Available On The Internet
Electronic Mail
173(14)
Introduction
173(1)
Description Of Functionality
173(1)
The Best Of All Worlds
174(1)
Each User Has A Mailbox For Email
174(1)
Sending An Email Message
174(1)
Notification That Email Has Arrived
175(1)
Reading An Email Message
175(1)
A Browser Can Be Used To Send And Receive Email
175(1)
Email Messages Look Like Interoffice Memos
176(1)
Email Software Fills In Header Information
177(1)
How Email Works
177(1)
Using Email From A Personal Computer
178(1)
Mailbox Address Format
179(1)
Abbreviations Make Email Friendly
180(1)
Aliases Permit Arbitrary Abbreviations
180(1)
Aliases Shared By All Users Of A Computer System
181(1)
Sending To Multiple Recipients
181(1)
Mailing List: An Alias for Multiple Recipients
182(1)
Public Mailing Lists And Mail Exploders
183(1)
Exchanging Email With Non-Internet Sites
183(1)
Access To Services Via Email
184(1)
Speed, Reliability, And Expectations
184(1)
Impact And Significance Of Electronic Mail
185(1)
A Convention For Joining A Mailing List
186(1)
Bulletin Board Service (Newsgroups)
187(10)
Introduction
187(1)
Description Of Functionality
187(1)
Many Bulletin Boards With Diverse Topics
188(1)
Network News
189(1)
Categories
189(1)
Obtaining Network News And The Software To Read Articles
190(1)
How Network News Appears To A User
191(1)
Checking For News Articles
191(1)
Reading Network News
192(1)
Submission Of An Article
192(1)
Moderated Newsgroups
193(1)
Size Of Network News
193(1)
Impact And Significance Of Newsgroups And Mailing Lists
193(1)
Hints And Conventions For Participating In Discussions
194(1)
Summary
195(2)
Browsing The World Wide Web
197(24)
Introduction
197(1)
Description Of Functionality
197(1)
Browsing Vs. Information Retrieval
198(1)
Early Browsing Services Used Menus
198(1)
A Menu Item Can Point To Another Computer
199(1)
How A Browser Works
200(1)
An Example Point-And-Click Interface
201(1)
Combining Menu Items With Text
202(2)
The Importance Of Integrated Links
204(1)
Embedded Links In Text Are Called Hypertext
205(1)
Multimedia
206(1)
Video And Audio References Can Be Embedded In Text
207(1)
The World Wide Web
208(1)
Browser Software Used To Access The Web
209(1)
An Example Hypermedia Display
209(3)
Control Of A Browser
212(1)
External References
212(1)
Recording The Location Of Information
213(2)
Bookmarks Or Favorites
215(1)
How The World Wide Web Works
216(1)
A URL Tells A Browser Which Computer To Contact
216(1)
A URL Tells A Browser Which Server To Contact
216(1)
Use Of The Name www In URLs
217(1)
A Browser Provides Access To Multiple Services
218(1)
Inside A Browser Program
218(1)
Summary
219(1)
An Observation About Hypermedia Browsing
220(1)
World Wide Web Documents (HTML)
221(18)
Introduction
221(1)
Display Hardware Varies
221(1)
A Browser Translates And Displays A Web Document
222(1)
A Consequence Of The Web Approach
223(1)
HTML, The Language Used For Web Documents
223(1)
Instructions In A Web Page Control The Output
224(1)
A Web Page Is Divided Into Two Main Sections
225(1)
Indentation Can Make HTML Readable
225(1)
The Body Of A Web Page Can Contain Text
226(1)
Indentation Can Make Paragraphs Easier To Find
226(2)
A Web Page Can Link To Another Page
228(1)
HTML Allows Numbered And Unnumbered Lists
229(1)
Images On A Web Page Are Digital
230(2)
HTML Allows A Web Page To Include An Image
232(1)
Text Can Appear Adjacent To An Image
233(1)
Images Can Link To Another Web Page
234(1)
Some Browsers Can Stretch Or Shrink Images
235(1)
The Background Can Be Controlled
235(1)
Other Features Of HTML
235(1)
Importance Of HTML
236(1)
GUI Tools Help With Web Page Creation
236(1)
Summary
237(2)
Advanced Web Technologies (Forms, Frames, Plugins, Java, JavaScript, Flash)
239(22)
Introduction
239(1)
Conventional Web Pages Are Static
239(1)
How A Server Stores Static Web Pages
240(2)
Fetching Items One At A Time
242(1)
Conventional Web Pages Use The Entire Screen
242(1)
A Web Page Can Change Part Of the Screen
243(2)
The Web, Advertising, And Frames
245(1)
Pop-Ups And Pop-Up Blockers
246(1)
Static Documents Have Disadvantages
246(1)
Controlling How A Browser Processes Data
247(1)
Plugins Allow Variety
248(1)
A Server Can Compute A Web Page On Demand
249(1)
How Server-Side Scripting Works
250(1)
Professional Programmers Build Server Scripts
251(1)
Personalized Web Pages
252(1)
Personalized Advertisements
253(1)
Web Pages Can Interact
253(1)
Shopping Carts
253(1)
Cookies
254(1)
Should You Accept Cookies?
255(1)
A Web Page Can Display Simple Animations
255(1)
Active Documents Are More Powerful
256(2)
Java Is An Active Document Technology
258(1)
JavaScript Is An Active Document Technology
258(1)
Flash And Real Technologies
259(1)
The Importance Of Advanced Web Technologies
259(2)
Group And Personal Web Pages (Wikis And Blogs)
261(6)
Introduction
261(1)
The Disadvantage Of A Bulletin Board System
261(1)
Shared Pages
262(1)
Shared Pages Are Called Wikis
263(1)
Sharing And Consensus Building
263(1)
The Disadvantage Of Wikis
263(1)
Wikipedia Is An Experiment
264(1)
Should You Trust Wikipedia?
264(1)
Publication Of A Personal Diary
265(1)
A Personal Note
265(2)
Automated Web Search (Search Engines)
267(14)
Introduction
267(1)
Description Of Functionality
267(1)
Browsing Vs. Automated Searching
268(1)
A Search Engine Helps Users Get Started
268(1)
A Search Tool Can Help Recover From Loss
269(1)
How An Automated Search Service Operates
269(1)
Gathering Information In Advance
270(1)
Modern Systems Search Web Page Contents
271(1)
How A Web Search Appears To A User
272(1)
How A Search Engine Returns Results
273(1)
Automated Search Services Use String Matching
274(1)
The Advantages And Disadvantages Of String Matching
274(1)
Automated Search Programs That Use Multiple Keys
275(1)
Advanced Services Offer More Sophisticated Matching
276(1)
Personalized Search Results
277(1)
More Details About How Content Searching Works
277(1)
Searches Are Restricted
278(1)
Advertising Pays For Searching
279(1)
Examples Of Automated Search Services
279(1)
Significance Of Automated Web Search
280(1)
Text, Audio, And Video Communication (IM, VoIP)
281(14)
Introduction
281(1)
Instant Messaging Provides Textual Communication
281(1)
Audio And Video Functionality
282(1)
Audio And Video Require Special Facilities
283(1)
An Audio Clip Resembles An Audio CD
283(1)
Real-Time Means No Delay
284(1)
Internet Audio In Real-Time
284(1)
Radio Programs On The Internet
285(1)
Real-Time Audio Transmission Is Called Webcasting
285(1)
Internet Telephone Service Is Possible
286(1)
Internet Telephone Service Is Known As VoIP
286(1)
Audio Teleconferencing
287(1)
A Cooperative Document Markup Service
287(2)
Marking A Document
289(1)
The Participants Discuss And Mark A Document
290(1)
Video Teleconferencing
290(2)
Video Teleconference Among Groups Of People
292(1)
A Combined Audio, Video, Whiteboard, And IM Service
292(1)
Summary
293(1)
A Personal Note
293(2)
Faxes, File Transfer, And File Sharing (FTP)
295(8)
Introduction
295(1)
Sending A Fax
295(1)
The Internet Can Be Used To Copy Files
296(1)
Data Stored In Files
296(1)
Copying A File
296(1)
FTP Is Invoked From A Browser
297(1)
FTP Allows A User To View Directory Contents
297(1)
FTP Allows A User To Upload Files
298(1)
FTP Transfers Must Be Authorized
298(1)
How FTP Works
299(1)
Impact And Significance Of FTP
300(1)
Peer-To-Peer File Sharing
300(1)
Summary
301(2)
Remote Login And Remote Desktops (TELNET)
303(8)
Introduction
303(1)
Early Computers Used Textual Interfaces
303(1)
A Timesharing System Requires User Identification
304(1)
Remote Login Resembles Conventional Login
304(1)
How Remote Login Works
305(1)
Escaping From Remote Login
305(1)
The Internet Remote Login Standard Is TELNET
306(1)
Remote Access Can Display A Desktop
306(1)
How Remote Desktops Operate
307(1)
Assessment Of Remote Login And Desktops
308(1)
Generality Makes Remote Login And Desktops Powerful
308(1)
Remote Access Accommodates Multiple Types Of Computers
309(1)
Unexpected Results From Remote Access
309(1)
Summary
310(1)
Facilities For Secure Communication
311(12)
Introduction
311(1)
The Internet Is Unsecure
311(1)
Lack Of Security Can Be Important
312(1)
Authentication And Privacy Are Primary Problems
312(1)
Data Can Be Changed
313(1)
Encoding Keeps Messages Private
313(1)
Computer Encryption Uses Mathematics
314(1)
No Network Is Absolutely Secure
314(1)
Encryption Makes Email Private
315(1)
Encryption Software Needs A Key
315(1)
Two Keys Means Never Having To Trust Anyone
316(1)
Secure Email In Practice
317(1)
Secure Wireless Networks
318(1)
Firewalls Protect Networks From Unwanted Packets
318(1)
A Firewall Filters Packets
319(1)
Firewalls Guard Against Trojan Horses
320(1)
Residential And Individual Firewalls
320(1)
Systems Exist To Detect Intrusion
321(1)
Service Can Be Denied
321(1)
Summary
322(1)
Secure Access From A Distance (VPNs)
323(8)
Introduction
323(1)
Organizations Grant Employees Special Privileges
323(1)
Traveling Employees Lose Privilege
324(1)
Telecommuters Do Not Have Privilege
324(1)
Dedicated Leased Circuits Allow Secure Telecommuting
325(1)
Standard Internet Connections Are Low-Cost
326(1)
Can A Technology Combine Advantages?
326(1)
A Virtual Private Network Solves The Problem
326(1)
How AVPN Works
327(1)
The Illusion Of A Direct Connection
327(2)
Significance Of VPNs
329(2)
Internet Economics And Electronic Commerce
331(8)
Introduction
331(1)
Who Pays For The Internet?
331(1)
E-commerce Is Big Business
332(1)
Security Technology Made E-commerce Possible
333(1)
Secure Sockets
333(1)
Public Key Encryption Provides Authenticity
334(1)
Digital Signatures
335(1)
Certificates Contain Public Keys
335(1)
What Is Digital Money?
336(1)
Digital Cash Is Not Widely Available
336(1)
Business And E-commerce
337(1)
The Controversies Over Taxation And Net Neutrality
338(1)
The Global Digital Library
339(6)
Introduction
339(1)
A Cornucopia Of Services
339(1)
New Services Appear Regularly
340(1)
Flexibility Permits Change
340(1)
A Digital Library
341(1)
Card Catalogs And Search Tools
341(1)
Internet Services Can Be Integrated
341(1)
Mr. Dewey, Where Are You?
342(1)
Information In The Digital Library
343(1)
What Is The Internet?
343(1)
A Personal Note
344(1)
Appendix 1 Glossary Of Internet Terms345(28)
Index373
Douglas E. Comer is Vice President of Research at Cisco Systems and a Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at Purdue University.

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