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Integrated Science

ISBN: 9780072297669 | 0072297662
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Publisher: McGraw Hill College Div
Pub. Date: 8/1/2000

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SummaryTable of Contents
Integrated Science is a straight forward, easy-to-read, but substantial introduction to the fundamental behavior of matter and energy in living and nonliving systems. It is intended to serve the needs of non-science majors who are required to complete one or more science courses as part of a general or basic studies requirement. It introduces basic concepts and key ideas while providing opportunities for students to learn reasoning skills and a new way of thinking about their environment. No prior work in science is assumed. The language, as well as the mathematics, is as simple as can be practical for a college-level science course.
Prefacexiii
The World Around You
1(22)
Outline
1(1)
... MORE
2(2)
Quantifying Properties
4(1)
Measurement Systems
4(2)
Standard Units for the Metric System
6(1)
Length
6(1)
Mass
6(1)
Time
7(1)
A Closer Look: The Leap Second
7(1)
Metric Prefixes
7(1)
Understandings from Measurements
8(3)
Data
8(1)
Ratios and Generalizations
9(1)
A Ratio Called Density
10(1)
Connections: Density Matters---Fish, Nuclear Fusion, and Coca-Cola
11(1)
The Nature of Science
11(5)
The Scientific Method
12(1)
Explanations and Investigations
12(1)
Laws and Principles
13(1)
Models and Theories
14(2)
Science, Nonscience, and Pseudoscience
16(7)
From Experimentation to Application
16(1)
Science and Nonscience
17(1)
Pseudoscience
18(1)
Limitations of Science
19(4)
Motion
23(24)
Outline
23(1)
Describing Motion
24(1)
Measuring Motion
24(3)
Speed
25(2)
Connections: Speed and Predators
27(2)
Velocity
27(1)
Acceleration
27(2)
Connections: SuperTrains
29(1)
Connections: Storm Speeds
29(1)
Aristotle's Theory of Motion
30(2)
Natural Motion
30(2)
Forced Motion
32(1)
Forces
32(2)
Horizontal Motion on Land
34(1)
A Closer Look: Transportation and the Environment
35(1)
Connections: Move It!
35(1)
Falling Objects
36(1)
A Closer Look: A Bicycle Racer's Edge
37(2)
Galileo versus Aristotle's Natural Motion
38(1)
Acceleration Due to Gravity
38(1)
Connections: Free Fall
39(1)
A Closer Look: Deceleration and Seat Belts
40(1)
Compound Motion
40(7)
Vertical Projectiles
41(1)
Horizontal Projectiles
41(6)
Patterns of Motion
47(20)
Outline
47(1)
Laws of Motion
48(1)
Newton's First Law of Motion
48(1)
Connections: Bubonic Plague---The Black Death
49(3)
Newton's Second Law of Motion
50(2)
Connections: Swimming Scallop
52(1)
Connections: Weight on Different Planets
53(2)
Newton's Third Law of Motion
53(2)
A Closer Look: The Greenhouse Effect or the Ozone Hole?
55(1)
Momentum
56(1)
Forces and Circular Motion
56(1)
Newton's Law of Gravitation
57(1)
Connections: Circular Fun
58(1)
A Closer Look: Spin Down
59(1)
Connections: Antigravity
60(1)
Connections: Equal Gravity?
61(2)
A Closer Look: Space Station Weightlessness
63(4)
Energy
67(22)
Outline
67(1)
Work
68(2)
Units of Work
69(1)
Connections: Energy for Work
70(2)
Power
71(1)
Connections: Hibernation and Temperature
72(1)
Motion, Position, and Energy
72(2)
Potential Energy
72(1)
Kinetic Energy
73(1)
Connections: Energy Converter Coaster
74(1)
Connections: Bungee Jumping Energy
75(1)
Energy Flow
75(1)
Energy Forms
75(1)
A Closer Look: Environmentally Responsible Choices
76(4)
Energy Conversion
77(2)
Energy Conversion
79(1)
Connections: Roller Coaster Relationships
80(1)
A Closer Look: Energy Saver
81(1)
Energy Transfer
82(1)
Energy Sources Today
82(2)
Petroleum
82(1)
Coal
83(1)
Water Power
83(1)
Nuclear Power
83(1)
A Closer Look: Solar Technologies
84(5)
Heat and Temperature
89(30)
Outline
89(1)
The Kinetic Molecular Theory
90(3)
Molecules
90(1)
Molecules Interact
91(1)
Phases of Matter
91(1)
Molecules Move
92(1)
Connections: Animal Temperature Regulation
93(1)
Temperature
93(2)
Thermometers
93(1)
Thermometer Scales
94(1)
Connections: Infrared Fever Thermometers
95(1)
Connections: Ice Fishes
96(1)
Heat
96(5)
Heat as Energy Transfer
97(1)
Measures of Heat
98(1)
Specific Heat
99(1)
Heat Flow
100(1)
Conduction
100(1)
A Closer Look: Alternative-Fuel Vehicles
101(2)
Convection
101(2)
Radiation
103(1)
Energy, Heat, and Molecular Theory
103(1)
Phase Change
103(1)
A Closer Look: Passive Solar Design
104(3)
Connections: Evaporative Coolers
107(2)
Evaporation and Condensation
107(2)
Relative Humidity
109(1)
Thermodynamics
109(1)
Connections: Human Responses to Cold and Hot
110(1)
A Closer Look: The Drinking Bird
111(3)
The First Law of Thermodynamics
112(1)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
112(1)
The Second Law and Natural Processes
112(2)
Connections: Solar-Powered Refrigeration
114(5)
Wave Motions and Sound
119(26)
Outline
119(1)
Forces and Elastic Materials
120(2)
Forces and Vibrations
120(1)
Describing Vibrations
121(1)
Connections: Musical Instruments: Bars and Reeds
122(1)
Waves
122(3)
Kinds of Waves
122(1)
Waves in Air
123(1)
Hearing Waves in Air
124(1)
Wave Terms
125(1)
Connections: Musical Instruments: Membranes
126(1)
Sound Waves
126(1)
Velocity of Sound in Air
127(1)
Connections: Musical Instruments: Air Columns
127(1)
Refraction and Reflection
127(1)
A Closer Look: Hearing Loss
128(2)
Connections: Noise Pollution Solution?
130(2)
Interference
131(1)
Energy and Sound
132(2)
Loudness
133(1)
Resonance
133(1)
Sources of Sounds
134(2)
Vibrating Strings
135(1)
A Closer Look: Resonance and the Greenhouse Effect
136(1)
Connections: Musical Instruments: Strings
137(1)
Connections: The Human Ear
138(1)
Sounds from Moving Sources
138(1)
Connections: How Animals Make Sounds
139(1)
A Closer Look: Ultrasonics
140(5)
Electricity
145(38)
Outline
145(1)
Electric Charge
146(5)
Electron Theory of Charge
146(1)
Electric Charge and Electrical Forces
147(1)
Electrostatic Charge
148(1)
Electrical Conductors and Insulators
149(1)
Measuring Electrical Charges
149(1)
Measuring Electrical Forces
150(1)
Force Fields
150(1)
A Closer Look: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
151(2)
Electric Potential
153(1)
Electric Current
153(3)
The Electric Circuit
154(1)
The Nature of Current
155(1)
A Closer Look: Cars, Lights, and the Future of Earth
156(2)
Electrical Resistance
157(1)
A Closer Look: Household Circuits and Safety
158(1)
Connections: Effects of Electric Currents on People
159(2)
Electrical Power and Electrical Work
160(1)
Connections: Charge It!
161(1)
Connections: Inside a Dry Cell
162(1)
Magnetism
162(4)
Magnetic Poles
163(1)
Magnetic Fields
163(1)
The Source of Magnetic Fields
164(1)
Permanent Magnets
165(1)
Earth's Magnetic Field
166(1)
Electric Currents and Magnetism
166(2)
Current Loops
167(1)
A Closer Look: Electromagnetic Fields and Health
168(3)
Applications of Electromagnets
169(1)
Electric Meters
169(1)
Electromagnetic Switches
170(1)
Telephones and Loudspeakers
170(1)
Electric Motors
171(1)
Electromagnetic Induction
171(1)
A Closer Look: The Home Computer and Data Storage
172(3)
Generators
173(1)
Transformers
173(2)
Connections: Magnetic Fields and Instinctive Behavior
175(3)
A Closer Look: Solar Cells
178(5)
Light
183(26)
Outline
183(1)
Sources of Light
184(2)
Properties of Light
186(5)
Light Interacts with Matter
186(1)
Reflection
187(2)
Refraction
189(1)
Dispersion and Color
190(1)
Connections: Diamond Quality
191(1)
A Closer Look: Optics
192(2)
Connections: Made in the Shade?
194(1)
Evidence for Waves
194(1)
A Closer Look: The Rainbow
195(4)
Diffraction
195(1)
Interference
196(2)
Polarization
198(1)
Evidence for Particles
199(1)
Photoelectric Effect
199(1)
Connections: Bioluminescence and Photosynthesis
200(1)
Quantization of Energy
200(1)
The Present Theory
201(1)
A Closer Look: The Compact Disc (CD)
202(2)
A Closer Look: Fiber Optics
204(5)
Atomic Structure
209(22)
Outline
209(1)
First Definition of the Atom
210(1)
Atomic Structure Discovered
211(5)
Discovery of the Electron
212(2)
The Nucleus
214(2)
Connections: Night Vision
216(1)
The Bohr Model
216(2)
The Quantum Concept
216(1)
Atomic Spectra
217(1)
Connections: Depression and Lack of Light
218(2)
Bohr's Theory
218(1)
Allowed Orbits
218(1)
Radiationless Orbits
219(1)
Quantum Jumps
219(1)
Quantum Mechanics
220(1)
Connections: Emitted Light and What You See
221(1)
Matter Waves
221(1)
Connections: Life and Light
222(3)
Wave Mechanics
222(1)
The Quantum Mechanics Model
223(1)
Electron Configuration
224(1)
Connections: NSLS: The National Synchrotron Light Source
225(2)
A Closer Look: The Quark
227(4)
Elements and the Periodic Table
231(24)
Outline
231(1)
Classifying Matter
232(3)
Metals and Nonmetals
232(1)
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
232(2)
Mixtures and Pure Substances
234(1)
Elements
235(7)
Reconsidering the Fire Element
235(1)
Discovery of Modern Elements
236(2)
Names of the Elements
238(1)
Chemical Symbols
238(1)
Symbols and Atomic Structures
239(3)
Connections: Nutrient Elements
242(1)
The Periodic Law
242(1)
A Closer Look: Elements 116 and 118 Discovered at Berkeley Lab
243(1)
Connections: Bismuth, Bowels, and Bugs
244(1)
The Modern Periodic Table
244(6)
Periodic Patterns
245(2)
Chemical Families
247(1)
Metals, Nonmetals, and Semiconductors
247(3)
A Closer Look: The Rare Earths
250(5)
Compounds and Chemical Change
255(22)
Outline
255(1)
Compounds and Chemical Change
256(2)
Valence Electrons and Ions
258
Chemical Bonds
253(12)
Ionic Bonds
259(1)
Energy and Electrons in Ionic Bonding
260(1)
Ionic Compounds and Formulas
260(2)
Covalent Bonds
262(1)
Covalent Compounds and Formulas
262(1)
Multiple Bonds
263(1)
Coordinate Covalent Bonds
264(1)
Bond Polarity
265(1)
Composition of Compounds
266(3)
Ionic Compound Names
267(1)
Ionic Compound Formulas
268(1)
Connections: Household Chemicals
269(1)
Covalent Compound Names
269(1)
A Closer Look: Microwave Ovens and Molecular Bonds
270(7)
Covalent Compound Formulas
270(7)
Chemical Formulas and Equations
277(22)
Outline
277(1)
Chemical Formulas
278(3)
Molecular and Formula Weights
279(1)
Percent Composition of Compounds
279(2)
Chemical Equations
281(9)
Balancing Equations
281(5)
Generalizing Equations
286(1)
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
286(1)
Types of Chemical Reactions
287(1)
Combination Reactions
287(1)
Decomposition Reactions
288(1)
Replacement Reactions
288(1)
Ion Exchange Reactions
289(1)
Information from Chemical Equations
290(4)
Units of Measurement Used with Equations
292(1)
Quantitative Uses of Equations
293(1)
A Closer Look: The Catalytic Converter
294(5)
Water and Solutions
299(22)
Outline
299(1)
Solutions
300(4)
Concentration of Solutions
300(3)
Solubility
303(1)
Water Solutions
304(4)
Properties of Water Molecules
304(1)
The Dissolving Process
305(1)
Properties of Solutions
306(1)
Electrolytes
306(2)
A Closer Look: Domestic Water Use
308(2)
Boiling Point
308(1)
Freezing Point
309(1)
Acids, Bases, and Salts
310(6)
Properties of Acids and Bases
310(2)
Explaining Acid-Base Properties
312(1)
Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
312(1)
The pH Scale
313(1)
Properties of Salts
314(1)
Hard and Soft Water
315(1)
A Closer Look: Acid Rain
316(5)
Buffers
317(4)
Organic Chemistry
321(30)
Outline
321(1)
Organic Compounds
322(1)
Hydrocarbons
323(6)
Alkenes and Alkynes
327(1)
Cycloalkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
328(1)
Petroleum
329(2)
Hydrocarbon Derivatives
331(5)
Alcohols
333(1)
Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones
334(1)
Organic Acids and Esters
334(2)
Organic Compounds of Life
336(4)
Proteins
336(2)
Carbohydrates
338(1)
Fats and Oils
339(1)
Synthetic Polymers
340(4)
A Closer Look: How to Sort Plastic Bottles for Recycling
344(1)
A Closer Look: Organic Molecules and Heredity
345(6)
Nuclear Reactions
351(26)
Outline
351(1)
Natural Radioactivity
352(8)
Nuclear Equations
352(3)
The Nature of the Nucleus
355(1)
Types of Radioactive Decay
356(2)
Radioactive Decay Series
358(2)
Measurement of Radiation
360(2)
Measurement Methods
360(1)
Radiation Units
361(1)
Radiation Exposure
362(1)
Nuclear Energy
362(2)
A Closer Look: Nuclear Medicine
364(7)
Nuclear Fission
365(2)
Nuclear Power Plants
367(3)
Nuclear Fusion
370(1)
A Closer Look: Nuclear Waste
371(6)
The Source of Nuclear Energy
372(5)
The Universe
377(28)
Outline
377(1)
Ancient Ideas
378(4)
The Night Sky
382(3)
Celestial Location
382(1)
Celestial Distance
383(2)
Connections: Navigation and Migration
385(1)
Stars
385(1)
Origin of Stars
385(1)
Connections: The Biology behind Fall Colors
386(8)
Brightness of Stars
387(1)
Star Temperature
388(1)
Star Types
389(2)
The Life of a Star
391(3)
Galaxies
394(5)
The Milky Way Galaxy
394(2)
Other Galaxies
396(1)
The Life of a Galaxy
397(2)
A Closer Look: Dark Matter
399(2)
A Closer Look: Extraterrestrials?
401(4)
The Solar System
405(30)
Outline
405(1)
Ideas about the Solar System
406(3)
The Geocentric Model
406(1)
The Heliocentric Model
407(2)
Origin of the Solar System
409(2)
The Planets
411(1)
A Closer Look: Planets and Astrology
412(6)
Mercury
414(2)
Venus
416(1)
Mars
417(1)
A Closer Look: A Recent Magellan Expedition
418(9)
Jupiter
421(2)
Saturn
423(1)
Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
424(3)
Small Bodies of the Solar System
427(3)
Comets
427(2)
Asteroids
429(1)
Meteors and Meteorites
429(1)
A Closer Look: Strange Meteorites
430(5)
Earth in Space
435(26)
Outline
435(1)
Shape and Size of Earth
436(2)
Motions of Earth
438(4)
Revolution
438(2)
Rotation
440(1)
Precession
441(1)
Place and Time
442(4)
Identifying Place
442(1)
Measuring Time
443(1)
Daily Time
444(2)
A Closer Look: The World's Population and Forests
446(4)
Yearly Time
448(1)
Monthly Time
449(1)
The Moon
450(3)
Composition and Features
450(2)
History of the Moon
452(1)
The Earth-Moon System
453(4)
Phases of the Moon
453(1)
Eclipses of the Sun and the Moon
454(1)
Tides
455(2)
A Closer Look: Earth's Motions and Ice Ages
457(4)
The Earth
461(26)
Outline
461(1)
Earth Materials
462(3)
Minerals
463(2)
A Closer Look: Mineral Resources and the Environment
465(3)
A Closer Look: Asbestos
468(3)
Rocks
468(1)
Igneous Rocks
469(1)
Sedimentary Rocks
469(1)
Metamorphic Rocks
470(1)
A Closer Look: Recycling
471(1)
A Closer Look: The Next Crisis
472(1)
The Rock Cycle
472(1)
The Earth's Interior
472(3)
The Crust
473(1)
The Mantle
474(1)
The Core
474(1)
A Different Structure
475(1)
Plate Tactonics
475(5)
Evidence from Earth's Magnetic Field
476(2)
Evidence from the Ocean
478(1)
Lithosphere Plates and Boundaries
479(1)
A Closer Look: Measuring Plate Movement
480(7)
Present-Day Understandings
483(4)
The Earth's Surface
487(40)
Outline
487(1)
Interpreting Earth's Surface
488(1)
Processes That Build Up the Surface
489(3)
Stress and Strain
490(1)
Folding
490(2)
Faulting
492(1)
Earthquakes
492(5)
Origin of Mountains
497(4)
A Closer Look: Volcanoes Change the World
501(1)
A Closer Look: Geothermal Energy
502(1)
Processes that Tear Down the Surface
502(8)
Weathering
502(4)
Erosion
506(1)
Mass Movement
506(1)
Running Water
506(3)
Glaciers
509(1)
A Closer Look: Municipal Solid Waste Problems
510(2)
Wind
511(1)
A Closer Look: Acid Rain and Chemical Weathering
512(1)
Geologic Time
513(14)
Fossils
513(1)
Early Ideas about Fossils
514(1)
Types of Fossilization
514(2)
Reading Rocks
516(1)
Arranging Events in Order
516(2)
Correlation
518(2)
Early Attempts at Earth Dating
520(1)
Modern Techniques
520(1)
The Geologic Time Scale
521(6)
Earth's Weather
527(38)
Outline
527(1)
The Atmosphere
528(5)
Composition of the Atmosphere
529(1)
Atmospheric Pressure
530(1)
Warming the Atmosphere
531(1)
Structure of the Atmosphere
532(1)
The Winds
533(2)
Local Wind Patterns
534(1)
A Closer Look: The Wind Chill Factor
535(2)
Global Wind Patterns
536(1)
Water and the Atmosphere
537(3)
Evaporation and Condensation
538(1)
Humidity
538(1)
The Condensation Process
539(1)
A Closer Look: Environment Wind Power
540(4)
Fog and Clouds
541(1)
Precipitation
542(2)
A Closer Look: Pollution of Earth's Atmosphere
544(2)
Weather Producers
546(6)
Air Masses
547(2)
Weather Fronts
549(1)
Waves and Cyclones
550(1)
Major Storms
551(1)
Thunderstorms
551(1)
A Closer Look: Hydroelectric Energy Sources
552(3)
Tornadoes
553(1)
Hurricanes
554(1)
Weather Forecasting
555(1)
Climate
556(4)
Major Climate Groups
556(2)
Regional Climatic Influence
558(2)
A Closer Look: El Nino and La Nina
560(5)
The Earth's Waters
565(22)
Outline
565(1)
Water on the Earth
566(6)
Freshwater
567(1)
Surface Water
568(1)
Groundwater
568(2)
Freshwater as a Resource
570(2)
A Closer Look: Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment
572(2)
Seawater
574(3)
Oceans and Seas
574(1)
The Nature of Seawater
575(2)
A Closer Look: Estuary Pollution
577(5)
Movement of Seawater
578(1)
Waves
578(2)
Ocean Currents
580(2)
The Ocean Floor
582(1)
A Closer Look: Deep Ocean Exploration and the Dynamic Earth
583(1)
A Closer Look: Key Forecasting Tool for the Chesapeake Bay
584(3)
What Is Life?
587(30)
Outline
587(1)
Characteristics of Life
588(1)
The Cell Theory
589(3)
Connections: Casual Contact, Catching AIDS/HIV, and Cell Receptor Sites
592(1)
Cell Membranes
592(1)
Getting through Membranes
592(2)
Diffusion
594(1)
Connections: The Other Outer Layer---The Cell Wall
594(3)
Dialysis and Osmosis
595(2)
Connections: Cell Trivia
597(1)
Controlled Methods of Transporting Molecules
597(1)
Cell Size
598(1)
Organelles Composed of Membranes
599(4)
Nonmembranous Organelles
603(2)
Nuclear Components
605(2)
Major Cell Types
607(3)
The Prokaryotic Cell Structure
607(1)
The Eukaryotic Cell Structure
608(2)
The Importance of Cell Division
610(1)
The Cell Cycle
611(1)
The Stages of Mitosis
612(2)
Prophase
612(1)
Metaphase
613(1)
Connections: Keep Your Lawn Crabgrass Free with a Mitosis Inhibitor
614(3)
Anaphase
614(1)
Telophase
614(3)
The Origin and Evolution of Life
617(40)
Outline
617(1)
Current Thinking about the Origin of Life
618(1)
Meeting Metabolic Needs---Heterotrophs or Autotrophs
618(2)
Reproduction and the Origin of Genetic Material
620(1)
Major Evolutionary Changes in the Nature of Living Things
621(1)
The Development of an Oxidizing Atmosphere
621(1)
The Establishment of Three Major Domains of Life
621(1)
The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
622(2)
The Role of Natural Selection in Evolution
624(1)
What Influences Natural Selection?
625(1)
Genetic Variety Resulting from Mutation
625(1)
Genetic Variety Resulting from Sexual Reproduction
626(1)
Acquired Characteristics Do Not Influence Natural Selection
626(1)
Processes That Drive Natural Selection
626(1)
A Closer Look: Human-Designed Organisms
627(3)
Differential Survival
627(1)
Differential Reproductive Rates
628(1)
Differential Mate Selection
629(1)
A Summary of the Causes of Evolutionary Change
630(1)
Species: A Working Definition
631(1)
A Closer Look: Is the Red Wolf a Species?
632(1)
How New Species Originate
632(4)
The Development of Evolutionary Thought
636(1)
Connections: Fossil Organisms Found Alive
636(2)
The Tentative Nature of the Evolutionary History of Organisms
638(1)
Human Evolution
638(1)
A Closer Look: Neandertals Were Probably a Different Species
639(1)
The Classification of Organisms
640(3)
Connections: What Is Carbon-14 Dating?
643(2)
Connections: New Discoveries Lead to Changes in the Classification System
645(3)
Kingdom Prokaryotae
645(2)
Kingdom Protista
647(1)
Connections: Dogs and Wolves Are the Same Species
648(1)
Kingdom Mycetae
648(1)
Kingdom Plantae
648(1)
A Closer Look: The World's Oldest and Largest Living Organisms
649(8)
Kingdom Animalia
649(1)
Viruses
650(7)
Ecology and Environment
657(38)
Outline
657(2)
A Closer Look: What Is Environmental Science?
659(1)
The Organization of Living Systems
659(3)
The Great Pyramid of Energy
662(1)
Ecological Communities
663(2)
Types of Communities
665(1)
A Closer Look: Zebra Mussels---Invaders from Europe
666(4)
Community, Habital, and Niche
670(3)
A Closer Look: The Importance of Habitat Size
673(1)
Kinds of Organism Interactions
674(2)
Predation
674(1)
Parasitism
674(2)
Commensalism
676(1)
Connections: Mites in Your Bed
676(2)
Mutalism
677(1)
Competition
678(1)
The Cycling of Materials in Ecosystems
678(1)
The Carbon Cycle
678(1)
A Closer Look: Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming
679(3)
The Nitrogen Cycle
679(3)
Population Characteristics
682(2)
The Population Growth Curve
684(1)
Population-Size Limitations
685(2)
A Closer Look: Government Policy and Population Control in China
687(1)
Human Population Growth
687(3)
Connections: Problems in Prediction Future Population Size
690(1)
Connections: Ecologist versus Economist
690(5)
Anatomy and Physiology
695(48)
Outline
695(1)
Sexual Reproduction
696(10)
The Mechanics of Meiosis: Meiosis I
699(1)
Prophase I
699(1)
Metaphase I
699(1)
Anaphase I
699(1)
Telophase I
699(1)
The Mechanics of Meiosis: Meioisis II
699(1)
Prophase II
700(1)
Metaphase II
700(1)
Anaphase II
701(1)
Telophase II
701(1)
Chromosomes and Sex Determination
702(1)
Spermatogenesis
702(1)
Oogenesis
702(4)
A Closer Look: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
706(3)
Sexual Maturation of Young Adults
707(1)
The Maturation of Females
707(2)
A Closer Look: Speculation on the Evolution of Human Sexual Behavior
709(1)
The Maturation of Males
710(1)
Materials Exchange in the Body
710(9)
Exchanging Materials: Basic Principles
710(1)
Circulation
710(1)
The Nature of Blood
711(1)
The Heart
711(2)
Arteries and Veins
713(2)
Capillaries
715(1)
Respiratory Anatomy
716(1)
Breathing-System Regulation
716(2)
Obtaining Nutrients
718(1)
Mechanical and Chemical Processing
718(1)
A Closer Look: Cigarette Smoking and Your Health
719(3)
Nutrient Uptake
720(2)
Waste Disposal
722(1)
Nutrition
722(6)
Living Things as Chemical Factories: Matter and Energy Manipulators
722(2)
Kilocalories, Basal Metabolism, and Weight Control
724(1)
Amounts and Sources of Nutrients
725(1)
The Food Guide Pyramid with Five Food Groups
725(1)
Grain Products Group
725(1)
Fruits Group
725(1)
Vegetables Group
726(1)
Dairy Products Group
726(1)
Meat, Poultry, Fish, and Dry Beans Group
726(1)
Eating Disorders
727(1)
Obesity
727(1)
Bulimia
727(1)
Anorexia Nervosa
727(1)
Deficiency Diseases
727(1)
Control Mechanisms
728(2)
Integration of Input
729(1)
The Structure of the Nervous System
729(1)
The Nature of the Nerve Impulse
730(1)
Connections: Human Comfort
730(7)
Activities at the Synapse
731(1)
Endocrine System Function
732(1)
Sensory Input
733(1)
Chemical Detection
733(1)
Light Detection
734(1)
Sound Detection
735(1)
Touch
736(1)
Output Coordination
736(1)
Muscles
736(1)
A Closer Look: Which Type of Exercise Do You Do?
737(6)
Glands
737(1)
Growth Responses
738(5)
Mendelian and Molecular Genetics
743(84)
Outline
743(1)
Genetics, Meiosis, and Cells
744(1)
Single-Gene Inheritance Patterns
744(4)
Dominant and Recessive Alleles
745(1)
Codominance
746(1)
X-Linked Genes
746(2)
Mendel's Laws of Heredity
748(1)
Probability versus Possibility
748(1)
A Closer Look: Cystic Fibrosis---What's the Probability?
749(1)
Steps in Solving Heredity Problems: Single-Factor Crosses
749(1)
A Closer Look: Blame That Trait on Your Mother!
750(1)
A Closer Look: Muscular Dystrophy and Genetics
751(1)
Real-World Situations
751(2)
Multiple Alleles
751(1)
Polygenic Inheritance
751(1)
Pleiotropy
752(1)
Connections: The Inheritance of Eye Color
753(1)
Environmental Influences on Gene Expression
753(1)
Connections: Inheritance Pattern of Spina Bifida
754(1)
What Is a Gene and How Does It Work?
755(4)
The Structure of DNA and RNA
756(3)
A Closer Look: Of Men (and Women), Microbes, and Molecules
759(4)
DNA Replication
760(3)
Connections: Antibiotics and DNA Replication
763(13)
DNA Transcription
764(3)
Prokaryotic Transcription
767(1)
Eukaryotic Transcription
767(1)
Translation or Protein Synthesis
768(6)
Alterations of DNA
774(1)
Manipulating DNA to Our Advantage
775(1)
Connections: Tobacco and Genes
776(1)
A Closer Look: The PCR and Genetic Fingerprinting
777(4)
APPENDIX A
Mathematical Review
781(7)
Working with Equations
781(2)
Significant Figures
783(1)
Conversion of Units
784(1)
Scientific Notation
785(3)
APPENDIX B
Solubilities Chart
788(1)
APPENDIX C
Relative Humidity Table
789(1)
APPENDIX D
Solutions for Group A Parallel Exercises
790(37)
Glossary827(23)
Credits850(3)
Index853


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