Rent 9780205354979 | Instructional Leadership : A Learning-Centered Guide | Woolfolk Hoy, Anita; Hoy, Wayne Kolter @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

This text goes beyond traditional supervision books and assumes that teachers and principals must work as colleagues to improve teaching and learning in schools. Traditional supervision in which the principal rates the effectiveness of teachers is an outmoded concept. This is the first text of its kind, written for principals and other instructional leaders to help them understand current theories of teaching and learning as well as the practical curriculum applications of these perspectives. This text uses a learning-centered approach that emphasizes making decisions that support student learning. This text addresses the critical aspects of the teaching-learning processstudent differences, learning, student motivation, teaching, classroom management, assessing student learning, and assessing and changing school climate and culture. Each chapter is grounded in the latest research and theory in that area and provides specific suggestions for applying that knowledge to practice.

Preface

Introduction to Teaching and Learning

(15)

The Role of Instructional Leader

(1)

... MORE

Student Differences

(1)

Learning

(1)

Motivation

(1)

Teaching

(1)

Classroom Management

(1)

Assessing Student Learning

(2)

Assessing and Changing School Culture and Climate

(2)

Summary

(1)

Develop Your Portfolio

(1)

Instructional Leader's Toolbox

(2)

Students

(44)

Preview: Key Points

(1)

Leadership Challenge

(1)

Today's Multicultural Classrooms

(3)

Cultural Diversity

(1)

Language Differences in the Classroom

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Dialects

(1)

Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms

(6)

Social Organization

(1)

Cognitive and Learning Styles

(3)

Participation Structures

(1)

Sources of Misunderstandings

(2)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Culturally Compatible Classrooms

Gender Differences in the Classroom

(3)

Gender Bias in the Curriculum

(1)

Sex Discrimination in Classrooms

(2)

Sex Differences in Mental Abilities

(1)

Eliminating Gender Bias

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Avoiding Sexism

Individual Differences in Intelligence

(8)

What Does Intelligence Mean?

(6)

What Does an IQ Score Mean?

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Interpreting Intelligence Test Scores

(1)

Ability Differences in Teaching

(4)

Between-Class Ability Grouping

(1)

Within-Class Ability Grouping

(1)

Gifted and Talented

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Ability Grouping

(2)

Students with Learning Challenges

(10)

Hyperactivity and Attention Disorders

(2)

Learning Disabilities

(2)

Integration, Mainstreaming, and Inclusion

(3)

Effective Teaching in Inclusion Classrooms

(2)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Productive Family Conferences

(1)

Summary

(4)

Key Terms

(1)

Some Ideas for Your Portfolio

(1)

Instructional Leader's Toolbox

(3)

Learning

(50)

Preview: Key Points

(1)

Leadership Challenge

(1)

What Is Learning?

(1)

Behavioral View of Learning

(4)

Types of Consequences

(2)

Antecedents and Behavior Change

(2)

Teaching Applications of Behavioral Theories

(3)

Contingency Contract Programs

(2)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Using Reinforcement and Punishment

(1)

Cognitive Views of Learning

(13)

Knowledge and Learning

(1)

An Information Processing Model

(1)

Sensory Memory

(1)

Working Memory

(1)

Theory into Action: Capturing Attention

(1)

Long-Term Memory

(2)

Storing and Retrieving Information in Long-Term Memory

(2)

Metacognition, Regulation, and Individual Differences

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Applying Information Processing

(1)

Cognitive Contributions: Learning Strategies and Tactics

(6)

Deciding What Is Important

(2)

Visual Tools for Organizing

(1)

Mnemonics

(1)

Reading Strategies

(1)

Constructivist Theories of Learning

(5)

Constructivist Views of Learning

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Learning Strategies

(2)

Is the World Knowable?

(1)

Knowledge: Situated or General?

(1)

Teaching Applications of Constructivist Perspectives

(11)

Elements of Constructivist Teaching

(3)

Inquiry Learning

(2)

Problem-Based Learning

(1)

Cognitive Apprenticeships

100

(1)

Group Work and Cooperation in Learning

101

(4)

Summary

105

(2)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Explaining Innovations

106

(1)

Key Terms

107

(1)

Some Ideas for Your Portfolio

107

(1)

Instructional Leader's Toolbox

108

(2)

Motivation

110

(40)

Preview: Key Points

111

(1)

Leadership Challenge

111

(1)

Motivation-A Definition

112

(4)

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

112

(1)

Four General Approaches to Motivation

113

(2)

Motivation to Learn in School

115

(1)

Goals and Motivation

116

(2)

Types of Goals

116

(2)

Goals: Lessons for Teachers and Principals

118

(1)

Needs and Motivation

118

(5)

Maslow's Hierarchy

118

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Family and Community Partnerships

119

(1)

Achievement Motivation

120

(1)

The Need for Self-Determination

120

(1)

The Need for Social Support

121

(1)

Needs and Motivation: Lessons for Teachers and Principals

121

(1)

Theory into Practice Guidelines: Supporting Self-Determination

122

(1)

Attributions, Beliefs, and Motivation

123

(8)

Attribution Theory

123

(3)

Beliefs about Ability

126

(1)

Beliefs about Self Efficacy

127

(3)

Attributions, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Worth

130

(1)

Attributions and Beliefs: Lessons for Teachers and Principals

131

(1)

Interests and Emotions

131

(6)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Encouraging Self-Worth and Self-Efficacy

132

(1)

Tapping Interests

132

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Building on Students' Interests

133

(1)

Arousal: Excitement and Anxiety in Learning

134

(3)

Strategies to Encourage Motivation and Thoughtful Learning

137

(6)

Necessary Conditions in Classrooms

137

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Dealing with Anxiety

138

(1)

Can I Do It? Building Confidence and Positive Expectations

139

(1)

Do I Want to Do It? Seeing the Value of Learning

140

(2)

What Do I Need to Do to Succeed? Staying Focused on the Task

142

(1)

How Do Beginning Teachers Motivate Students?

143

(1)

Summary

143

(4)

Key Terms

147

(1)

Some Ideas for Your Portfolio

147

(1)

Instructional Leader's Toolbox

147

(3)

Teaching

150

(37)

Preview: Key Points

150

(1)

Leadership Challenge

151

(1)

What Is a Good Teacher?

151

(4)

Inside Five Classrooms

151

(2)

Expert Teachers

153

(2)

Concerns of Teachers

155

(1)

The First Step: Planning

155

(9)

Objectives for Learning

156

(3)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Developing Objectives

159

(1)

Flexible and Creative Plans-Using Taxonomies

159

(3)

Another View: Planning from a Constructivist Perspective

162

(2)

Successful Teaching: Focus on the Teacher

164

(7)

Characteristics of Effective Teachers

165

(2)

Teacher Effects

167

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Characteristics of Good Teachers

168

(3)

Teaching for Understanding: Focus on the Subject

171

(9)

Learning to Read and Write

171

(2)

Learning and Teaching Mathematics

173

(3)

Learning Science

176

(1)

A Model for Good Subject Matter Teaching

177

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Conceptual Change Teaching

178

(1)

Criticisms of Constructivist Approaches to Subject Teaching

179

(1)

Beyond Models to Outstanding Teaching

180

(1)

Cautions: Where's the Learning?

181

(1)

Summary

182

(2)

Key Terms

184

(1)

Some Ideas for Your Portfolio

184

(1)

Instructional Leader's Toolbox

184

(3)

Classroom Management

187

(46)

Preview: Key Points

188

(1)

Leadership Challenge

188

(1)

Organizing the Learning Environment

189

(3)

The Basic Task: Gain Their Cooperation

189

(1)

Managing the Learning Environment

190

(2)

Creating a Positive Learning Environment: Some Research Results

192

(10)

Rules and Procedures

193

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Rules and Procedures

194

(3)

Planning Spaces for Learning

197

(3)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Designing Learning Spaces

200

(2)

Getting Started: The First Weeks of Class

202

(1)

Effective Classroom Managers for Elementary Students

202

(1)

Effective Classroom Managers for Secondary Students

203

(1)

Creating a Learning Community

203

(2)

The Three Cs of Classroom Management

204

(1)

Getting Started on Community

205

(1)

Maintaining a Good Learning Environment

205

(3)

Encouraging Engagement

205

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Encouraging Student Accountability

206

(1)

Prevention Is the Best Medicine

207

(1)

Dealing with Discipline Problems

208

(5)

Special Problems with Secondary Students

209

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Penalties

210

(1)

Special Programs for Classroom Management

211

(2)

The Need for Communication

213

(7)

Message Sent-Message Received

213

(1)

Diagnosis: Whose Problem Is It?

213

(1)

Counseling: The Student's Problem

214

(1)

Confrontation and Assertive Discipline

215

(2)

Student Conflicts and Confrontations

217

(2)

Communicating with Families about Classroom Management

219

(1)

Designing Motivating Learning Environments on Target for Learning

220

(8)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Working with Families

220

(1)

Authentic Tasks

221

(1)

Supporting Autonomy

221

(4)

Recognizing Accomplishment

225

(1)

Grouping

225

(2)

Evaluation

227

(1)

Time

228

(1)

Summary

228

(2)

Key Terms

230

(1)

Some Ideas for Your Portfolio

230

(1)

Instructional Leader's Toolbox

231

(2)

Assessing Student Learning

233

(41)

Preview: Key Points

233

(1)

Leadership Challenge

234

(1)

Evaluation, Measurement, and Assessment

234

(2)

Norm-Referenced Tests

235

(1)

Criterion-Referenced Tests

236

(1)

What Do Test Scores Mean?

236

(8)

Basic Concepts

237

(1)

Types of Scores

238

(4)

Interpreting Test Scores

242

(2)

Types of Standardized Tests

244

(5)

Achievement Tests: What Has the Student Learned?

244

(3)

Diagnostic Tests: What Are the Student's Strengths and Weaknesses?

247

(1)

Aptitude Tests: How Well Will the Student Do in the Future?

248

(1)

Issues in Standardized Testing

249

(6)

The Uses of Testing in American Society

249

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Family Partnerships for Using Test Results

250

(2)

Advantages in Taking Tests-Fair and Unfair

252

(3)

New Directions in Standardized Testing and Classroom Assessment

255

(11)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Becoming an Expert Test-Taker

256

(1)

Authentic Assessment

257

(1)

Authentic Classroom Tests

258

(1)

Performance in Context: Portfolios and Exhibitions

258

(3)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Student Portfolios

261

(1)

Evaluating Portfolios and Performances

262

(3)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Developing a Rubric

265

(1)

Getting the Most from Traditional Tests

265

(1)

Effects of Grades and Grading on Students

266

(3)

Effects of Failure

267

(1)

Effects of Feedback

268

(1)

Grades and Motivation

268

(1)

Theory into Action Guidelines: Grading

269

(1)

Summary

269

(2)

Key Terms

271

(1)

Some Ideas for Your Portfolio

271

(1)

Instructional Leader's Toolbox

272

(2)

Assessing and Changing School Culture and Climate

274

(38)

Preview: Key Points

274

(1)

Leadership Challenge

275

(1)

The School Workplace

275

(1)

Organizational Culture

276

(7)

Levels of Culture

276

(5)

Functions of Culture

281

(1)

Common Elements of Culture

281

(1)

Some General Propositions about School Culture

281

(2)

Organizational Climate

283

(7)

Organizational Climate: Open to Closed

283

(1)

A Revised OCDQ

284

(3)

Climate Types

287

(2)

The OCDQ: Some Implications

289

(1)

Organizational Climate: Healthy To Unhealthy

290

(6)

Dimensions of Organizational Health

291

(2)

Organizational Health Inventory (OHI-S)

293

(2)

The OHI: Some Implications

295

(1)

Collective Efficacy

296

(3)

Changing School Climate

299

(10)

Some Assumptions about Change in Schools

299

(1)

The Case of Martin Luther King, Jr. High School: An Example

300

(1)

A Problem

301

(1)

An Organizational Development Model

302

(1)

Back to Martin Luther King, Jr. High School

302

(7)

Summary

309

(1)

Key Terms

310

(1)

Some Ideas for Your Portfolio

310

(1)

Instructional Leader's Toolbox

311

(1)

Appendices

312

(51)

Index

363

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