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Industrial Ecology

by: Graedel, Thomas E.; Allenby, Braden R.

Industrial Ecology

by: Graedel, Thomas E.; Allenby, Braden R.

ISBN 13:
9780130467133
ISBN 10:
0130467138
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 09/17/2002
Publisher: Prentice Hall

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Summary

With in-depth analysis of past, present, and future issues in industrial ecology, this book seeks to meet the needs of the product-design engineers.Includes discussion of the environmental impact of common industrial approaches, with special emphasis given to the long-term effects.This book is good for product-design professionals seeking to attain information about sustainability and design techniques.

Preface

xvii

PART I INTRODUCING THE FIELD

(38)

Humanity and Environment

(16)

The Tragedy of the Commons

(4)

The Master Equation

(3)

The Grand Objectives

(6)

Linking the Grand Objectives to Environmental Science

(2)

Targeted Activities of Technological Societies

(1)

Actions for an Industrialized Society

(2)

Addressing the Challenge

(3)

Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(2)

The Industrial Ecology Concept

(8)

From Contemporaneous Thinking to Forward Thinking

(3)

Linking Industrial Activity and Environmental and Social Sciences

(1)

Key Questions of Industrial Ecology

(1)

An Overview

(4)

Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(2)

Technological Change and Evolving Risk

(14)

Historical Patterns in Technological Evolution

(5)

Approaches to Risk

(3)

Risk Assessment

(2)

Risk Communication

(1)

Risk Management

(4)

Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(1)

PART II THE PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND SOCIETAL FRAMEWORK

(55)

The Relevance of Biological Ecology to Technology

(16)

Considering the Analogy

(1)

Biological and Industrial Organisms

(3)

Food Chains: Networks of Nutrient and Energy Transfer

(4)

Population Ecology

(2)

Classification of Specific Linkages

(3)

The Utility of the Ecological Approach

(3)

Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(1)

The Status of Resources

(13)

Introduction

(1)

Depletion Times and Underabundant Resources

(2)

Hitchhiker Resources

(1)

Energy Resources

(2)

Trading Energy for Mineral Resources

(1)

Energy Sources

(1)

Energy Resource Status

(2)

Energetically Limited Mineral Resources

(1)

Geographically Influenced Resource Availability

(1)

Environmentally Limited Resources

(1)

Cumulative Supply Curves

(1)

Water Resources

(1)

Summary

(3)

Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Society and Culture

(9)

Society, Culture, and Industrial Ecology

(1)

Cultural Constructs and Temporal Scales

(3)

The Private Firm in a Social Context

(1)

Environmentalism, Technology, and Society

(5)

Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Governments, Laws, and Economics

(17)

National Governmental Structures and Actions

(3)

International Governance Considerations

(1)

Industrial Ecology and the Legal System

(5)

Fundamental Legal Issues

(2)

Legal Case Studies Relevant to Industrial Ecology

(2)

Economics and Industrial Ecology

(4)

Valuation

(1)

Discount Rates

(1)

Benefit-Cost Analysis

(1)

Green Accounting

(1)

Substitutability Versus Complementarity

(1)

Externalities

(1)

Finance, Capital, and Investment

(4)

Further Reading

(1)

Exercises

(2)

PART III DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

(143)

Industrial Product Design and Development

(11)

The Product Design Challenge

(2)

Conceptual Tools for Product Designers

(1)

The Pugh Selection Matrix

(1)

The House of Quality

(1)

Design for X

(2)

Product Design Teams

(2)

The Product Realization Process

101

(4)

Further Reading

103

(1)

Exercises

104

(1)

Industrial Process Design and Operation

105

(13)

The Process Design Challenge

105

(1)

Pollution Prevention

106

(3)

The Challenge of Water Availability

109

(2)

The Process Life Cycle

111

(2)

Resource Provisioning

112

(1)

Process Implementation

112

(1)

Primary Process Operation

112

(1)

Complementary Process Operation

112

(1)

Refurbishment, Recycling, Disposal

113

(1)

The Approach to Process Analysis

113

(2)

The Process Itself

114

(1)

The Process Equipment

114

(1)

Complementary Processes

115

(1)

Guidelines for Process Design and Operation

115

(1)

Implications for Corporations

116

(2)

Further Reading

116

(1)

Exercises

117

(1)

Choosing Materials

118

(19)

Materials Selection Considerations

118

(1)

Materials and Environmental Hazards

119

(2)

Materials Sources and Principal Uses

121

(5)

Absolute Abundances

121

(1)

Impacts of Materials Extraction and Processing

122

(2)

Availability and Suitability of Post-Consumer Recycled Materials

124

(2)

Materials Substitution

126

(2)

Multiparameter Materials Selection

128

(6)

Dematerialization

134

(1)

Material Selection Guidelines

134

(3)

Further Reading

136

(1)

Exercises

136

(1)

Designing for Energy Efficiency

137

(12)

Energy and Industry

137

(2)

Primary Processing Industries

139

(1)

Intermediate Processing Industries

140

(1)

Analyzing Energy Use

141

(3)

General Approaches to Minimizing Energy Use

144

(3)

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

144

(1)

Lighting

144

(1)

On-Site Energy Generation

144

(1)

Energy Housekeeping

145

(2)

Summary

147

(2)

Further Reading

147

(1)

Exercises

148

(1)

Product Delivery

149

(9)

Introduction

149

(1)

General Packaging Considerations

150

(1)

Solid Residue Considerations

151

(4)

Liquid and Gaseous Emission Considerations

155

(1)

Transportation and Installation

155

(1)

Discussion and Summary

156

(2)

Further Reading

157

(1)

Exercises

157

(1)

Environmental Interactions During Product Use

158

(8)

Introduction

158

(1)

Solid Residue Generation During Product Use

158

(1)

Liquid Residue Generation During Product Use

159

(1)

Gaseous Residue Generation During Product Use

159

(1)

Energy Consumption During Product Use

160

(1)

Intentionally Dissipative Products

161

(1)

Unintentionally Dissipative Products

162

(1)

Design for Maintainability

162

(4)

Further Reading

165

(1)

Exercises

165

(1)

Design for End of Life

166

(17)

Introduction

166

(5)

General End-of-Life Considerations

171

(2)

Remanufacturing

173

(1)

Recycling

173

(4)

Metals

173

(2)

Plastics

175

(1)

Forest Products

176

(1)

Fastening Parts Together

177

(1)

Planning for Recyclability

177

(6)

Design for Disassembly

177

(3)

Just-in-Case Designs

180

(1)

Priorities for Recyclability

180

(2)

Further Reading

182

(1)

Exercises

182

(1)

An Introduction to Life-Cycle Assessment

183

(14)

The Life Cycle of Industrial Products

183

(3)

The LCA Framework

186

(2)

Goal Setting and Scope Determination

188

(1)

Defining Boundaries

188

(3)

Life Stage Boundaries

189

(1)

Level of Detail Boundaries

189

(1)

The Natural Ecosystem Boundary

190

(1)

Boundaries in Space and Time

191

(1)

Choosing Boundaries

191

(1)

Approaches to Data Acquisition

191

(6)

Further Reading

196

(1)

Exercises

196

(1)

The LCA Impact and Interpretation Stages

197

(17)

LCA Impact Analysis

197

(1)

Industrial Prioritization: The IVL/Volvo EPS System

198

(6)

Interpretation Analysis

204

(3)

Explicit and Implied Recommendations

204

(2)

Prioritization Tables

206

(1)

Prioritization Diagrams

207

(3)

The Action--Agent Prioritization Diagram

207

(2)

The Life-Stage Prioritization Diagram

209

(1)

Discussion

210

(4)

Further Reading

211

(1)

Exercises

212

(2)

Streamlining the LCA Process

214

(14)

The Assessment Continuum

214

(1)

Preserving Perspective

215

(1)

The SLCA Matrix

216

(2)

Target Plots

218

(1)

Assessing Generic Automobiles of Yesterday and Today

218

(6)

SLCA Assets and Liabilities

224

(2)

Discussion

226

(2)

Further Reading

226

(1)

Exercises

227

(1)

Using the Corporate Industrial Ecology Toolbox

228

(9)

Stages and Scales in Industrial Environmental Management

228

(1)

The First Stage: Regulatory Compliance

228

(1)

The Second Stage: Pollution Prevention

229

(1)

The Third Stage: Design for Environment

230

(1)

Environmental Opportunities at the PRP Gates

231

(3)

The Industrial Ecology Mechanic and the Toolbox

234

(1)

Industrial Ecology Tools for the Service Sector

235

(2)

Further Reading

236

(1)

Exercises

236

(1)

PART IV CORPORATE INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY

237

(31)

Managing Industrial Ecology in the Corporation

237

(8)

Overview

237

(1)

Environment as Strategic for the Firm

238

(1)

Implementing Industrial Ecology in the Corporation

239

(6)

Environmental Management Systems

240

(2)

Tactical Organizational Structures

242

(1)

Training Programs

242

(1)

Technical Support

242

(1)

The Triple Bottom Line

243

(1)

Further Reading

244

(1)

Exercises

244

(1)

Indicators and Metrics

245

(11)

The Importance of Indicators and Metrics

245

(1)

Metric Systems Development

246

(2)

Industry-Level Metrics

248

(3)

Metrics Displays and Metrics Aggregation

251

(1)

Hierarchical Metrics Systems

252

(4)

Further Reading

254

(1)

Exercises

254

(2)

Services Technology and Environment

256

(12)

Defining Services

256

(5)

Type Alpha Services: The Customer Comes to the Service

258

(1)

Type Beta Services: The Service Goes to the Customer

259

(1)

Type Gamma Services: Remote Provisioning

259

(2)

The Environmental Dimensions of Services

261

(2)

The Industrial Ecology of Service Firms

263

(5)

Leverage Suppliers

263

(1)

Educate Customers

264

(1)

Facilitate Environmentally Preferable Resource and Product Use Patterns

264

(1)

Substitution of Services for Energy and Material Use

265

(1)

Services as a Source of Quality of Life

265

(1)

Further Reading

266

(1)

Exercises

266

(2)

PART V SYSTEMS-LEVEL INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY

268

(71)

Industrial Ecosystems

268

(16)

The Ecosystems Concept

268

(5)

Industrial Symbiosis

273

(2)

Designing and Developing Symbiotic Industrial Ecosystems

275

(2)

Resource Flow in Industrial Ecosystems

277

(2)

Pattern and Scale in Industrial Ecosystems

279

(2)

The Utility of Mixed Ecological Approaches

281

(3)

Further Reading

283

(1)

Exercises

283

(1)

Metabolic and Resource Analyses

284

(15)

Budgets and Cycles

284

(5)

Metabolic Analyses in Industrial Ecology

289

(2)

Resource Analyses in Industrial Ecology

291

(5)

Elemental Analyses

292

(1)

Molecular Analyses

292

(2)

Substance Analyses

294

(1)

Material Analyses

294

(2)

The Balance Between Natural and Anthropogenic Mobilization of Resources

296

(1)

The Utility of Metabolic and Resource Analyses

297

(2)

Further Reading

298

(1)

Exercises

298

(1)

Systems Analysis, Models, and Scenario Development

299

(17)

Thinking at the Systems Level

299

(6)

The Systems Concept

299

(2)

The Automotive Technology System

301

(4)

Models of Technological Systems

305

(3)

The Concept of a Model

305

(1)

Iron and Steel in the U.K.: A Model Example

306

(1)

Model Validation

306

(2)

Describing Possible Futures

308

(5)

The Utility of Scenarios

308

(1)

The IMAGE Model for Climate Change

309

(2)

IPCC 2000 Scenarios

311

(2)

Developing a Predictive Industrial Ecology

313

(3)

Further Reading

314

(1)

Exercises

315

(1)

Earth Systems Engineering and Management

316

(12)

Introducing the Concept

316

(1)

Examples of ESEM, Implemented and Proposed

317

(6)

Brownfields Restoration

317

(1)

Dredging the Waters

318

(1)

Restoring Regional-Scale Wetlands

318

(1)

Combating Global Warming

318

(5)

The Principles of ESEM

323

(1)

Theoretical Principles of ESEM

323

(1)

Governance Principles of ESEM

323

(1)

Design and Engineering Principles of ESEM

324

(1)

Facing the ESEM Question

324

(4)

Further Reading

326

(1)

Exercises

327

(1)

The Future of Industrial Ecology

328

(11)

Industrial Ecology in the Midst of Change

328

(1)

The Industrial Ecology Hardware Store

329

(2)

Tools for the Product and Process Designer

330

(1)

Tools for the Corporate Manager

330

(1)

Tools for the Service Provider

330

(1)

Tools for the Systematist

331

(1)

Tools for the Policy Maker

331

(1)

Industrial Ecology as an Evolving Science

331

(4)

An Industrial Ecology Research Roadmap

335

(3)

Theoretical Industrial Ecology Goals

336

(1)

Experimental Industrial Ecology Goals

336

(1)

Applied Industrial Ecology Goals

337

(1)

Redefining the Challenge

338

(1)

Further Reading

338

(1)

Appendix A Electronic Solder Alternatives: A Detailed Case Study

339

(10)

Appendix B Units of Measurement in Industrial Ecology

349

(2)

Glossary

351

(6)

Index

357

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Industrial Ecology

Industrial Ecology

9780130467133

0130467138

Summary

Table of Contents

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