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the Human Record, Volume 2, Third Edition

by:
ISBN: 9780395870884 | 0395870887
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: HOUGHTON MIFFLIN CO
Pub. Date: 1/1/1998

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Table of Contents
Geographic Contentsxv
Topical Contentsxvii
Prefacexxi
Prologue: Primary Sources and How We Read ThemP-1
What is History?
... MORE
Primary Sources: Their Value and Limitations
P-2
Examining the Sources
P-4
You and the Sources
P-6
``With the Royal Standard Unfurled''
P-8
Christopher Columbus, A Letter Concerning Recently Discovered Islands
P-8
Interpreting Columbus's Letter
P-15
Unwritten Sources
P-19
An Anonymous Woodcut of 1511
P-19
Interpreting the Woodcut
P-21
Part One The World in the Era of Western Expansion: 1500 to 16501(144)
Europe in an Age of Conflict and Expansion
3(39)
Protestant Revolt and Catholic Response
4(14)
A Protestant View of Christianity
Martin Luther, Table Talk
5(5)
A Blueprint for Catholic Revival
Canons and Decress of the Council of Trent
10(4)
Art as Religious Propaganda
Lucas Cranach the Younger, Two Kinds of Preaching: Evangelical and Papal
14(4)
Spanish Perspectives on the New World
18(8)
The Uncivilized Have Been Justly Conquered
Juan Gines de Sepulveda, Democrates Secundus, or The Just Causes of War against the Indians
19(3)
``They Are Our Brothers''
Bartolome de Las Casas, In Defense of the Indians
22(4)
Women in Early Modern Europe
26(9)
A Woman of Virtue and Piety
``A Pattern for Women''
27(2)
John Mayer
Stay Single, Be Happy
``Unyoked Is Best! Happy the Woman without a Man''
29(2)
Anna Bijns
Two Sixteenth-Century Images of Women
Allegory of a Wise Woman, and Erhard Schon, No More Precious Treasure Is on Earth Than a Gentle Wife Who Longs for Honor
31(4)
Anton Woensam
An Expanding Intellectual Universe
35(4)
Who Is the True Barbarian?
``On Cannibals''
36(3)
Michel de Montaigne
Science and the Claims of Religion
Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina
39(3)
Galileo Galilei
Africa and the Americas
42(41)
The Diversity of African Societies
44(11)
Africa's Sudanic Kingdoms
History and Description of Africa
46(3)
Leo Africanus
The Kingdom of Monomotapa
Portuguese Asia
49(3)
Manuel de Faria e Sousa
Africa's Cosmopolitan East Coast
An Account of the Countries Bordering the Indian Ocean
52(3)
Duarte Barbosa
The Portuguese in Africa
55(11)
An African Voice of Protest
Letters to the King of Portugal
55(3)
Nzinga Mbemba
Images of Europeans in the Art of Benin
A Benin-Portuguese Saltcellar and A Benin Wall Plaque
58(4)
The Zimbas and the Portuguese
Eastern Ethiopia
62(4)
Joao dos Santos
First Encounters in the Americas
66(9)
The Battle for Tenochtitlan
General History of the Things of New Spain
66(6)
Bernardino de Sahagun
Conflict in New Netherlands
Voyages from Holland to America
72(3)
David Pieterzen DeVries
Land and Labor in Spanish America
75(8)
Indian Labor and Tribute in the Encomienda System
Encomienda Records from Nestalpa: 1547--1565
75(3)
The ``Mountain of Silver'' and the Mita System
Compendium and Description of the West Indies
Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa
78(5)
The Islamic Heartland and India
83(29)
Rulers and Their Challenges in the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires
85(14)
A European Diplomat's Impressions of Suleiman I
Turkish Letters
86(5)
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq
A Carmelite Friar's View of Shah Abbas I
Report to Pope Paul V
91(4)
Paul Simon
A Self-Portrait of Jahangir
Memoirs
95(4)
Jahangir
Religion, Society, and Culture in South and Southwest Asia
99(13)
Sunni versus Shi'ite in the Early Sixteenth Century
Letter to Shah Ismail of Persia
101(2)
Sultan Selim I
Women in Ottoman Society
Turkish Letters
103(2)
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq
A Muslim's Description of Hindu Beliefs and Practices
Akbarnama
105(4)
Abu'l Fazl
Paintings from the Mughal Court
Lord Krishna Lifts Mount Govardhan and Jahangir's Dream
109(3)
Continuity and Change in East and Southeast Asia
112(33)
Confucianism in China and Japan
114(24)
The Chinese Civil Service Examinations
Journals
115(4)
Matteo Ricci
Teaching the Young in Tokugawa Japan
Common Sense Teachings for Japanese Children and Greater Learning for Women
119(4)
Kaibara Ekiken
Chinese Merchants in a Confucian World
The Biographies of Zhu Jiefu and Gentleman Wang
123(4)
Wang Daokun
Humanity and Nature in Chinese Painting
Landscape of Shixie Hill, and Sheng Maoye, Scholars Gazing at a Waterfall
127(3)
Zhang Hung
Political Decline and Recovery in China and Japan
130(1)
The Tokugawa Formula for Japan
Laws Governing the Military Households
131(3)
Tokugawa Hidetada
Symptoms of Ming Decline
History of the Ming
134(4)
Zhang Tingyu
Europeans in East and Southeast Asia
138(7)
The Seclusion of Japan
Closed Country Edict of 1635
139(2)
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Siamese-Dutch Tensions in the Seventeenth Century
Letter to the Dutch East India Company Board of Directors
141(4)
Part Two A World of Transformation and Tradition: 1650 to the Early 1800s145(114)
Europe and the Americas in an Age of Science, Economic Growth, and Revolution
147(48)
The Age of Science and Enlightenment
149(12)
The Promise of Science
New Organon
150(3)
Francis Bacon
Two Images of Seventeenth-Century Science
The Royal Academy and Its Protectors and A Dissection at the Jardin des Plantes
153(4)
Sebastien Le Clerc
An Affirmation of Human Progress
Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind
157(4)
Marquis de Condorcet
From Mercantilism to Laissez Faire
161(9)
The Advantages of Mercantilism
``Memorandum on English Alliances'' and ``Memorandum to the King on Finances''
162(4)
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Capitalism's Prophet
The Wealth of Nations
166(4)
Adam Smith
Russia and the West in the Eighteenth Century
170(8)
Peter the Great's Blueprint for Russia
Peter the Great, Decrees
171(3)
A Russian Critic of Westernization
On the Corruption of Morals in Russia
174(4)
Mikhail Scherbatov
Revolutions in England and France
178(9)
The Foundations of Parliamentary Supremacy in England
English Bill of Rights
178(3)
Women's Issues on the Eve of the French Revolution
Petition of Parisian Women of the Third Estate to Louis XVI
181(4)
The Principles of the French Revolution
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
185(2)
Anticolonialism and Revolution in the Americas
187(8)
The Thirteen Colonies Proclaim Their Freedom
Declaration of Independence
188(3)
Bolivar's Dreams for Latin America
The Jamaica Letter
191(4)
Simon Bolivar
Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
195(37)
Africa's Curse: The Slave Trade
197(10)
The Path to Enslavement in America
Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Written by Himself
198(5)
The Economics of the Slave Trade
A Voyage to the New Calabar River
203(4)
James Barbot
Ottoman Decline: Causes and Remedies
207(9)
Ottoman Decline: An Insider's View
The Book of Counsel for Viziers and Governors
208(4)
Mehmed Pasha
A Defense of Selim III's Reforms
A Defense of the New Order
212(4)
Mustafa Reshid Celebi Effendi
Mughal Decline and the Beginnings of British Control in India
216(6)
Aurangzeb: The Last Great Mughal
History of the World
217(3)
Bakhta'war Khan
Clive's Design for India
Letter to William Pitt
220(2)
Robert Clive
The Continuing Vitality of Islam
222(10)
A Call to Recapture Islam's Purity
The History and Doctrines of the Wahhabis
223(4)
'Abdullah Wahhab
Jihad in the Western Sudan
Selections from His Writings
227(5)
Usman dan Fodio
Equilibrium Established and Undermined in East and Southeast Asia
232(27)
China's Revival Under the Qing
233(8)
Kangxi's Views of Government
Self-Portrait
234(5)
Kangxi
China Rejects Increased Western Trade
Letter to King George III
239(2)
Emperor Qianlong
Social and Economic Change in Tokugawa Japan
241(9)
A Japanese Merchant Views His World
Some Observations on Merchants
242(4)
Mitsui Takafusa
The Social Ills of Tokugawa Japan
A Secret Plan of Government
246(4)
Honda Toshiaki
The Opening of Oceania
250(9)
Early Reports from New Zealand
Committee of the Church of England Missionary Society, Memorandum to the Earl of Bathurst, Secretary of State of the Colonies
251(3)
The Plight of the Tasmanians
Report to the Lieutenant Governor-General of Tasmania
254(5)
George A. Robinson
Part Three The World in the Age of Western Dominance: 1800 to 1914259(102)
The West in the Age of Industrialization and Imperialism
261(35)
Industrialization and Its Impact
262(9)
English Workers in the Early Industrial Revolution
Testimony before Parliamentary Committees on Working Conditions in England
263(5)
A Working-Class Family in Berlin
Letters from Berlin with Special Reference to Social-Democratic Movements
268(3)
Otto von Leixner
New Perspectives on Humanity and Society
271(9)
The Principles of Darwinism
On the Origin of Species and The Descent of Man
272(4)
Charles Darwin
The Scientific Socialism of Marx and Engels
The Communist Manifesto
276(4)
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
The Fight for Women's Political Rights
280(7)
American Women Demand Equality
Ohio Women's Convention of 1850, Resolutions
281(2)
Women against Women's Suffrage
An Appeal against Women's Suffrage
283(4)
Mrs. Humphry Ward
Imperialism: European Justification and Perceptions
287(9)
A Defense of French Imperialism
Speech before the French National Assembly
288(3)
Jules Ferry
Images of Imperialism in Great Britain
Advertisements and Illustrations from British Books and Periodicals
291(5)
Western Pressures, Nationalism, and Reform in Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the 1800s
296(32)
The European Assault on Africa
298(9)
``With the View of Bettering... Our Country''
Royal Niger Company, Standard Treaty
299(1)
The Demise of an African Businessman
A Short Description of the Natives of the Niger Coast Protectorate
300(3)
Charles Napoleon de Cardio
The Fate of the Ndebele
His Story
303(4)
Ndansi Kumalo
From Ottoman Reform to Turkish Nationalism
307(7)
Reforms of the Tanzimat Era
Noble Rescript (1839) and Imperial Rescript (1856)
308(4)
Sultan Abdul Mejid
A Turkish Nationalist Statement
Proclamation of the Young Turks
312(2)
Economic Imperialism in Persia
314(8)
Persian Opposition to the Tobacco Concession
Letter to Hasan Shirazi
315(4)
Sayyid Jamal ad-Din
Foreigners and Iranian Oil
The D'Arcy Oil Concession
319(3)
India Under British Domination
322(6)
A Plea for Western Schools
Letter to Lord Amherst
322(3)
Rammohun Roy
The Pros and Cons of British Rule
1871 London Speech
325(3)
Dadabhai Naoroji
East Asia Confronts the West
328(33)
The Disintegration of Imperial China
329(12)
The Curse of Opium in China
Letter to Queen Victoria
330(3)
Lin Zexu
The Plight of the Emperor's Subjects
333(1)
Memorandum to Emperor Xianfeng
333(3)
Zeng Guofan
A Revolutionary Formula for China's Revival
The Three People's Principles and the Future of the Chinese People
336(5)
Sun Yat-sen
The Emergence of Modern Japan
341(12)
Eastern Ethics and Western Science
Reflections on My Errors
342(3)
Sakuma Shozan
Patriotic Duty and Business Success
Letter to Mitsubishi Employees
345(2)
Iwasaki Yataro
Images of the West in Late Tokugawa and Meiji Japan
Prints and Drawings, 1853-1887
347(6)
Southeast Asia in the Era of Imperialism
353(8)
The Fall of Vietnam
Letter to Emperor Tu Duc and Last Message to His Administrators
354(2)
Phan Thanh Gian
The Modernization of Thailand
356(5)
King Chulalongkorn
Part Four Global Society and Its Challenges in the Twentieth Century361(160)
The Industrialized World in Crisis
363(44)
The Trauma of World War I
364(13)
The Romance of War
Popular Art and Poster Art from Germany, England, Australia, and France
365(4)
The Reality of War in Verse
``Dulce et Decorum Est'' and ``Disabled''
369(2)
Wilfred Owen
The Reality of the War in Art
The Harvest of Battle, and Otto Dix, Shock Troop Advancing under Gas Attack
371(3)
C. R. W. Nevinson
The Fate of Germany
The Treaty of Versailles
374(3)
The Russian Revolution and the Foundation of the Soviet State
377(9)
The Basic Tenets of Leninism
``What Is to Be Done?''
378(4)
Lenin
The Soviet Model of Economic Planning
The Results of the First Five-Year Plan
382(4)
Joseph Stalin
Ultranationalism in Germany and Japan
386(10)
Hitler's Dreams
Mein Kampf
387(5)
Adolf Hitler
The Destiny of Japan
``The Way of Subjects''
392(4)
The Legacy of World War II
396(11)
``Fuhrer, You Order. We Obey''
Memoirs
397(5)
Rudolf Hoss
Hiroshima, August 6, 1945
Recollections of August 6, 1945
402(5)
Iwao Nakamura
Atsuko Tsujioka
Anticolonialism, Nationalism, and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
407(48)
Political and Religious Currents in the Middle East
409(12)
Secularism and Nationalism in Republican Turkey
Speech to the Congress of the People's Republican Party
410(4)
Mustafa Kemal
The Betrayal of Arab Nationalism
General Syrian Congress at Damascus, Resolution of July 2, 1919
414(3)
A Call for Islamic Social and Political Action
The Muslim Brotherhood, Toward the Light
417(4)
Anticolonialism in India and Southeast Asia
421(8)
Gandhi's Vision for India
``Indian Home Rule''
422(4)
Mohandas Gandhi
A Vietnamese Condemnation of French Rule
Letter to the French Chamber of Deputies
426(3)
Nguyen Thai Hoc
Colonialism and the Beginnings of African Nationalism
429(8)
A Plea for Racial Equality
Second Pan-African Congress, Manifesto
430(2)
The Literature of Oppression and Hope
``The Parable of the Eagle,'' Leopold Sedar-Senghor, ``Prayer for Peace,'' and David Diop, ``The Vultures''
432(5)
James Aggrey
Political Disintegration and Revolution in China
437(9)
The Maoist Variant of Marxism
Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War
438(4)
Mao Zedong
A Story of a Revolutionary Heroine
``A Native of Yan'an''
442(4)
Cao Ming
Economic and Social Issues in Latin America
446(9)
Marxism in a Peruvian Context
The Problem of the Indian
447(3)
Jose Carlos Mariategui
An Image of Imperialism
Imperialism
450(2)
Diego Rivera
Economic Nationalism in Mexico
Speech to the Nation
452(3)
Lazaro Cardenas
The Global Community since 1945
455(66)
The End of a European-Dominated World
456(12)
U.S. Perceptions and Cold War Strategies
National Security Council Paper Number 68
457(3)
Soviet Goals and Strategies in the 1950s
Speech at Reception for Graduates of Military Academies
460(4)
Nikita Khrushchev
Great Britain Lets Go of India
Debate in the House of Commons, March 1947
464(4)
New Nations and Their Challenges
468(15)
The Challenge of Ethnic Tensions
Speeches and Writings
470(4)
C. Odumegwu Ojukwu
The Challenge of Underdevelopment
World Bank, World Development Reports: 1978, 1992, 1996, and 1997
474(5)
The Challenge of Religious Conflict
Editorials
479(4)
Girilal Jain
The Struggle for Racial Equality
483(9)
Apartheid's Bitter Fruits
The Rivonia Trial Speech to the Court
484(4)
Nelson Mandela
A Cry for Justice in the United States
A Letter from a Birmingham Jail
488(4)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Women in the Modern World
492(9)
Women and Islamic Fundamentalism
``The Revolution That Failed Women''
493(2)
Zand Dokht
An African Perspective on Female Circumcision
Association of African Women for Research and Development, A Statement on Genital Mutilation
495(3)
A Chinese Woman's Life Story
Recollections
498(3)
Ming
Another New Era: The Demise of Communism and the End of the Cold War
501(11)
China's New Course
Speeches and Writings
503(5)
Deng Xiaoping
A Plan to Save Communism in the USSR
Perestroika
508(4)
Mikhail Gorbachev
The Earth and Its Future: Two Perspectives
512(9)
``There's Plenty of Good News''
Opening Statement from 1992 Debate at Columbia University
514(3)
Julian Simon
``Environmental Degradation Is Overtaking the Planet''
Opening Statement from 1992 Debate at Columbia University
517(4)
Norman Myers
Sources
521

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