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| How to Use this Book | p. xii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Concept of "Theology": A Brief Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Architecture of Theology | p. 4 |
| Biblical studies | p. 5 |
| Systematic theology | p. 6 |
| Philosophical theology | p. 7 |
| Pastoral theology | p. 7 |
| Church history | p. 8 |
| Historical Theology: Its Purpose and Place | p. 8 | ... MORE
| The development of historical theology | p. 9 |
| Historical theology as a pedagogic tool | p. 11 |
| Historical theology as a critical tool | p. 12 |
| Historical theology as a resource for systematic theology | p. 14 |
| The Patristic Period, c. 100-451 | p. 16 |
| A Clarification of Terms | p. 17 |
| Difficulties in Approaching Patristic Theology | p. 17 |
| The Historical Background to Patristic Theology | p. 18 |
| The historical importance of the city of Rome | p. 19 |
| The problem of persecution | p. 19 |
| The conversion of Constantine | p. 20 |
| The development of public theological debate | p. 21 |
| Centers of Theological Reflection | p. 22 |
| Key Theologians | p. 22 |
| Justin Martyr | p. 22 |
| Irenaeus of Lyons | p. 24 |
| Origen | p. 24 |
| Tertullian | p. 24 |
| Athanasius | p. 25 |
| Augustine of Hippo | p. 25 |
| Key Theological Developments | p. 26 |
| The relation of Christian faith and classical culture | p. 26 |
| The extent of the New Testament canon | p. 27 |
| The role of tradition | p. 28 |
| The fixing of the ecumenical creeds | p. 29 |
| The two natures of Jesus Christ | p. 30 |
| The doctrine of the Trinity | p. 32 |
| The doctrine of the church | p. 32 |
| The doctrine of grace | p. 33 |
| Key Names, Words, and Phrases | p. 35 |
| Questions | p. 35 |
| Case Studies | p. 36 |
| The Bible and tradition | p. 36 |
| The Arian controversy: The divinity of Christ | p. 41 |
| The Alexandrian Christological school: The Apollinarian controversy | p. 46 |
| The Antiochene Christological School: The Nestroian controversy | p. 49 |
| The Trinity: Early developments and controversies | p. 53 |
| The church: The Donatist controversy | p. 62 |
| Grace: The Pelagian controversy | p. 67 |
| Faith and philosophy | p. 73 |
| The Middle Ages and the Renaissance, C.500-1500 | p. 77 |
| On Defining the "Middle Ages" | p. 78 |
| Medieval Theological Landmarks in Western Europe | p. 80 |
| The Carolingian renaissance | p. 80 |
| The rise of cathedral and monastic schools of theology | p. 80 |
| The religious orders and their "schools of theology" | p. 82 |
| The founding of the universities | p. 82 |
| Peter Lombard's Four Books of the Sentences | p. 83 |
| The Rise of Scholasticism | p. 84 |
| The Italian Renaissance | p. 84 |
| The Rise of Humanism | p. 85 |
| Medieval Theological Landmarks in Eastern Europe | p. 86 |
| The emergence of Byzantine theology | p. 87 |
| The iconoclastic controversy | p. 87 |
| The hesychastic controversy | p. 87 |
| The fall of Constantinople (1453) | p. 88 |
| Key Theologians | p. 88 |
| John of Damascus | p. 88 |
| Simeon the New Theologian | p. 89 |
| Anselm of Canterbury | p. 90 |
| Thomas Aquinas | p. 90 |
| Duns Scotus | p. 91 |
| William of Ockham | p. 92 |
| Erasmus of Rotterdam | p. 92 |
| Key Theological Developments | p. 93 |
| The consolidation of the patristic heritage | p. 93 |
| The exploration of the role of reason in theology | p. 94 |
| The development of theological systems | p. 95 |
| The development of sacramental theology | p. 95 |
| The development of the theology of grace | p. 95 |
| The role of Mary in the scheme of salvation | p. 96 |
| Returning directly to the sources of Christian theology | p. 96 |
| The critique of the Vulgate translation of Scripture | p. 97 |
| Key Names, Words, and Phrases | p. 98 |
| Questions | p. 98 |
| Case Studies | p. 98 |
| Arguments for the existence of God | p. 98 |
| Understandings of the atonement | p. 104 |
| The theology of the sacraments | p. 109 |
| The interpretation of the Bible | p. 112 |
| Renaissance humanism and the Bible | p. 115 |
| Augustinianism and Pelagianism in late medieval theology | p. 118 |
| The Reformation and Post-Reformation Periods, 1500-1750 | p. 124 |
| Reformation - or Reformations? | p. 125 |
| A Clarification of Terms | p. 126 |
| The German Reformation - Lutheranism | p. 127 |
| The Swiss Reformation - the Reformed church | p. 128 |
| The radical Reformation - Anabaptism | p. 129 |
| The English Reformation - Anglicanism | p. 130 |
| The Catholic Reformation | p. 131 |
| Protestant Orthodoxy | p. 131 |
| Post-Reformation Movements | p. 133 |
| The consolidation of Catholicism | p. 133 |
| Puritanism | p. 134 |
| Pietism | p. 135 |
| Key Theologians | p. 136 |
| Martin Luther | p. 136 |
| Huldrych Zwingli | p. 137 |
| John Calvin | p. 137 |
| Teresa of Avilà | p. 138 |
| Theodore Beza | p. 138 |
| Johann Gerhard | p. 138 |
| Roberto Bellarmine | p. 139 |
| Jonathan Edwards | p. 139 |
| Key Theological Developments | p. 139 |
| The sources of theology | p. 140 |
| The doctrine of grace | p. 140 |
| The doctrine of the sacraments | p. 141 |
| The doctrine of the church | p. 141 |
| Developments in Theological Literature | p. 141 |
| Catechisms | p. 142 |
| Confessions of faith | p. 143 |
| Works of systematic theology | p. 144 |
| Key Names, Words, and Phrases | p. 146 |
| Questions | p. 146 |
| Case Studies | p. 146 |
| Bible and tradition in the Reformation debates | p. 146 |
| Justification by faith: Protestantism and the Council of Trent | p. 154 |
| The nature of the real presence: Luther, Zwingli, and the Council of Trent | p. 164 |
| The debate over infant baptism | p. 167 |
| The doctrine of the church: Trends within Protestantism | p. 171 |
| Theology and astronomy: The Copernican and Galileian debates | p. 177 |
| The Modern Period, 1750 to the Present Day | p. 182 |
| A Cultural Waterrshed: The Enlightenment | p. 184 |
| The Enlightenment Critique of Christian Theology | p. 184 |
| The notion of revelation | p. 185 |
| The status and interpretation of the Bible | p. 185 |
| The identity and significance of Jesus Christ | p. 185 |
| The doctrine of the Trinity | p. 186 |
| The critique of miracles | p. 186 |
| The rejection of original sin | p. 187 |
| The problem of evil | p. 187 |
| Romanticism and the Critique of the Enlightenment | p. 187 |
| The Crisis of Faith in Victorian England | p. 189 |
| Postmodernism and a New Theological Agenda | p. 190 |
| Key Theologians | p. 192 |
| F. D. E. Schleiermancher | p. 193 |
| John Henry Newman | p. 193 |
| Karl Barth | p. 193 |
| Paul Tillich | p. 194 |
| Karl Rahner | p. 194 |
| Hans Urs von Balthasar | p. 194 |
| Jürgen Moltmann | p. 195 |
| Wolfhart Pannenberg | p. 195 |
| Some Recent Western Theological Movements and Trends | p. 195 |
| Liberal Protestantism | p. 196 |
| Modernism | p. 198 |
| Neo-orthodoxy | p. 199 |
| Ressourcement, or, la nouvelle théologie | p. 201 |
| Feminism | p. 202 |
| Liberation theology | p. 204 |
| Black theology | p. 206 |
| Postliberalism | p. 209 |
| Radical orthodoxy | p. 209 |
| Key Names, Words, and Phrases | p. 209 |
| Questions | p. 210 |
| Case Studies | p. 210 |
| The quests of the historical Jesus | p. 210 |
| The basis and nature of salvation | p. 221 |
| The debate over the Resurrection | p. 233 |
| The Trinity in twentieth-century thought | p. 239 |
| Twentieth-century discussions of the doctrine of the church | p. 245 |
| Natural theology and the rationality of faith | p. 252 |
| The feminist critique of traditional Christian theology | p. 256 |
| Christian approaches to other religions | p. 259 |
| Where Next? | p. 269 |
| Details of Theologians | p. 271 |
| A Glossary of Theological Terms | p. 276 |
| For Further Reading | p. 288 |
| Sources of Citations | p. 292 |
| Index | p. 297 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |