Ron van Oers is Vice Director, World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for Asia and the Pacific (WHITRAP). He was formerly Programme Specialist for Culture at the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, coordinating the World Heritage Cities Programme and the international effort to develop new guidelines for urban conservation, which were adopted as the 2011 Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. He is trained as an Urban Planner (Delft 1993) and received his doctorate (PhD, Delft 2000) on a research into the principles of Dutch colonial town planning (published as book). He is the Founding Editor (together with Dr. Ana Pereira-Roders) of the Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development (JCHMSD), published by Emerald Group Publishing (UK) and a Member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Change Over Time: International Journal of Conservation and the Built Environment, published by Penn Press, University of Pennsylvania’s School of Design (USA). 

Acknowledgements xxi

Abbreviations and Acronyms xxiii

1. Urban Conservation: Short History of a Modern Idea 1

The Origins of Urban Conservation: Between Engineering and Romanticism 1

The Historic City as Heritage 10

Fracture: the Modern Movement versus the Historic City 15

Out of Modernism: New Approaches to Urban Conservation 23

2. Urban Conservation as International Public Policy 37

Urban Conservation Policies after the Second World War 37

Urban Conservation in International Charters and Standard-Setting Instruments 39

Regional Charters 50

Rethinking Urban Conservation 61

Towards a New Urban Conservation Paradigm 65

The Historic Urban Landscape Approach 72

3. The Changing Context of Urban Heritage Management 75

Introducing External and Internal Forces of Change 75

Exponential Increase in Urbanisation on a Global Scale 76

Environmental Concerns and the Sustainability of Urban Development 81

The Impact of Climate Change 89

The Changing Role of Cities as Drivers of Development 93

The Emergence of the Tourism Industry 99

Broadening Perceptions and Urban Heritage Values 105

The Management of Change 108

4. New Actors and Approaches to Urban Heritage Management 113

The Contemporary Context of Urban Heritage Management 113

The Emergence of a New Urban Strategy 114

Urban Strategies of International Institutions 134

5. Expanding the Toolkit for Management of the Urban Environment 143

Urban Heritage Management: Actors and Tools 143

Regulatory Systems 145

Community Engagement Tools 154

Technical Tools 159

Financial Tools 171

6. The Historic Urban Landscape: Preserving Heritage in an Urban Century 175

The Historic City Meets Globalisation 175

The Contemporary Reflection on the City 182

Integrating Heritage Conservation and Urban Development 186

Historic Urban Landscape: a Tool for the Management of Change 188

Epilogue 191

Annex 1. Note on the Development of the Historic Urban Landscape Approach 195

Annex 2. The 2005 Vienna Memorandum 203

Annex 3. The UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape 209

Bibliography 217

Index 229

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