9781118877739

Gas Treating: Absorption Theory and Practice provides an introduction to the treatment of natural gas, synthesis gas and flue gas, addressing why it is necessary and the challenges involved. The book concentrates in particular on the absorption–desorption process and mass transfer coupled with chemical reaction.

Following a general introduction to gas treatment, the chemistry of CO2, H2S and amine systems is described, and selected topics from physical chemistry with relevance to gas treating are presented. Thereafter the absorption process is discussed in detail, column hardware is explained and the traditional mass transfer model mechanisms are presented together with mass transfer correlations. This is followed by the central point of the text in which mass transfer is combined with chemical reaction, highlighting the associated possibilities and problems. Experimental techniques, data analysis and modelling are covered, and the book concludes with a discussion on various process elements which are important in the absorption–desorption process, but are often neglected in its treatment. These include heat exchange, solution management, process flowsheet variations, choice of materials and degradation of absorbents. The text is rounded off with an overview of the current state of research in this field and a discussion of real-world applications.

This book is a practical introduction to gas treating for practicing process engineers and chemical engineers working on purification technologies and gas treatment, in particular, those working on CO2 abatement processes, as well as post-graduate students in process engineering, chemical engineering and chemistry.

Dag A. Eimer
Tel-Tek and Telemark University College, Norway

Preface xvii

List of Abbreviations xxi

Nomenclature List xxv

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Definitions 1

1.2 Gas Markets, Gas Applications and Feedstock 3

1.3 Sizes 3

1.4 Units 4

1.5 Ambient Conditions 7

1.6 Objective of This Book 7

1.7 Example Problems 7

1.7.1 Synthesis Gas Plant 8

1.7.2 Natural Gas Treatment 9

1.7.3 Natural Gas Treatment for LNG 9

1.7.4 Flue Gas CO2 Capture from a CCGT Power Plant 9

1.7.5 Flue Gas CO2 Capture from a Coal Based Power Plant 11

1.7.6 CO2 Removal from Biogas 11

1.7.7 CO2 Removal from Landfill Gas 12

1.7.8 Summarising Plant Sizes Just Considered 12

References 13

2. Gas Treating in General 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Process Categories 16

2.2.1 Absorption 16

2.2.2 Adsorption 17

2.2.3 Cryogenics 19

2.2.4 LNG Trains 30

2.2.5 Membranes 36

2.3 Sulfur Removal 37

2.3.1 Scavengers 38

2.3.2 Adsorption 39

2.3.3 Direct Oxidation–Liquid Redox Processes 39

2.3.4 Claus Plants 41

2.3.5 Novelties 43

2.4 Absorption Process 43

References 45

3. Rate of Mass Transfer 49

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 The Rate Equation 50

3.3 Co-absorption and/or Simultaneous Desorption 51

3.4 Convection and Diffusion 51

3.5 Heat Balance 51

3.6 Axially along the Column 52

3.7 Flowsheet Simulators 52

3.8 Rate versus Equilibrium Approaches 53

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Gas Treating Absorption Theory and Practice

Gas Treating Absorption Theory and Practice

111887773X

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