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First Responder

ISBN: 9780130307262 | 0130307262
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback w/CD
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 1/1/2001

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SummaryTable of Contents
For First Responder-level training courses. This text is the foundation for the First Responder curriculum designed to provide students with a patient assessment-based approach to individual and team First Responder-level care. Written in easy-to-understand language with many examples and illustrations, the text provides appropriate details on emergency care procedures, skill steps and application methods.
This classic text has successfully trained First Responder students for over 25 years. It is the ideal resourc... MORE
Prefacexii
Acknowledgmentsxiv
Introduction: Learning to be a First Responderxvii
UNIT 1 PREPARATORY
Introducing the EMS System
1... MORE
National Standard Objectives
2(1)
Learning Tasks
2(1)
The EMS System
3(3)
Components of the EMS System
3(1)
Activating the EMS System
3(2)
The In-Hospital Care System
5(1)
Medical Oversight
5(1)
The First Responder
6(7)
Roles and Responsibilities
6(2)
Traits
8(2)
Skills
10(1)
Equipment, Tools, and Supplies
11(2)
Summary
13(1)
Remember and Consider
13(1)
Investigate
14(1)
The Well-Being of the First Responder
15(16)
National Standard Objectives
16(1)
Learning Tasks
16(2)
Emotional Aspects of Emergency Medical Care
18(3)
Causes of Stress
18(1)
Death and Dying
18(1)
Signs and Symptoms of Stress
19(1)
Dealing with Stress
20(1)
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
21(8)
First Responders at Risk
21(1)
Dealing with Risk
22(2)
Bloodborne and Airborne Pathogens
24(2)
Protecting First Responders
26(1)
Employee Responsibilities
27(1)
Scene Safety
27(1)
Hazardous Materials Incidents
28(1)
Rescue Operations
28(1)
Violent and Crime Scenes
29(1)
Summary
29(1)
Remember and Consider
30(1)
Investigate
30(1)
Legal and Ethical Issues
31(14)
National Standard Objectives
32(1)
Learning Tasks
33(1)
Scope of Care
33(1)
Legal Duties
33(1)
Ethical Responsibilities
34(1)
Consent
34(2)
Competence
34(1)
Refusal of Care
34(1)
Expressed Consent
35(1)
Implied Consent
36(1)
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders
36(1)
Negligence
37(2)
Abandonment
39(1)
Confidentiality
39(1)
Reportable Events
40(1)
Special Situations
40(2)
Organ Donors
40(1)
Medical Identification Devices
41(1)
Crime Scenes
41(1)
Documentation
42(1)
Summary
42(1)
Remember and Consider
43(1)
Investigate
43(2)
The Human Body
45(14)
National Standard Objectives
46(1)
Learning Tasks
46(1)
Overview of the Human Body
47(5)
The Head-to-Toe Approach
47(1)
Directional Terms
48(1)
Body Regions
49(1)
Body Cavities
50(2)
Abdominal Quadrants
52(1)
Body Systems
52(1)
Relating Structures to the Body
53(5)
Summary
58(1)
Remember and Consider
58(1)
Investigate
58(1)
Lifting and Moving Patients
59(26)
National Standard Objectives
60(1)
Learning Tasks
60(1)
Principles of Moving Patients
61(1)
Role of the First Responder
61(1)
When to Move a Patient
61(1)
Body Mechanics and Lifting Techniques
61(1)
Moving and Positioning Patients
62(11)
Emergency Moves
62(4)
Nonemergency Moves
66(3)
Transfer of Patient from Bed to Stretcher
69(2)
Patient Positioning
71(2)
Equipment Familiarity
73(8)
Summary
81(1)
Remember and Consider
82(1)
Investigate
82(1)
Unit 1 Skills
83(2)
UNIT 2 AIRWAY
Airway Management
85(44)
National Standard Objectives
86(2)
Learning Tasks
88(1)
Breathing
89(5)
Why We Breathe
89(1)
How We Breathe
90(3)
Assessment
93(1)
Pulmonary Resuscitation
94(10)
Opening the Airway
94(1)
Rescue Breathing
95(9)
Airway Obstruction
104(11)
Causes of Airway Obstruction
104(2)
Correcting Upper Airway Obstruction---Foreign Body
106(5)
Correcting Airway Obstructions---Combined Procedures
111(4)
Aids to Resuscitation
115(7)
Introduction
115(1)
Oropharyngeal Airways
115(2)
Nasopharyngeal Airways
117(3)
Suction Systems
120(1)
Suctioning Techniques
121(1)
Summary
122(2)
Remember and Consider
124(1)
Investigate
125(1)
Unit 2 Skills
126(3)
UNIT 3 PATIENT ASSESSMENT
Assessment of the Patient
129(54)
National Standard Objectives
130(2)
Learning Tasks
132(1)
Patient Assessment Components
132(8)
Medical Patients (No Injuries)
133(1)
Trauma Patients
133(5)
First Responder Assessment-Based Care
138(2)
Scene Size-Up
140(4)
Body Substance Isolation Precautions
140(1)
Scene Safety
141(1)
Mechanism of Injury and Nature of Illness
141(2)
Number of Patients and the Need for Additional Resources
143(1)
Arrival at the Scene
143(1)
The Initial Assessment
144(8)
Form a General Impression
145(1)
Assess Mental Status
145(5)
Assess Airway and Breathing
150(1)
Assess Circulation
150(1)
Determine Priority, or Urgency, of Patient Transport
151(1)
Special Considerations for Infants and Children
151(1)
Alerting Dispatch
152(1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
152(1)
Focused History and Physical Exam---Trauma Patient
153(1)
Focused History and Physical Exam---Medical Patient
154(22)
Patient Information and History
156(4)
Physical Examination
160(1)
Vital Signs
160(1)
Pulse
160(6)
Types of Physical Exams
166(6)
Detailed Physical Exam
172(1)
Ongoing Assessment
173(3)
Hand-Off to EMTs
176(1)
Summary
176(2)
Remember and Consider
178(1)
Investigate
178(1)
Unit 3 Skills
179(4)
UNIT 4 CIRCULATION
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
183(44)
National Standard Objectives
184(1)
Learning Tasks
184(2)
The Chain of Survival
186(1)
Circulation and CPR
187(9)
Cardiac Arrest
188(1)
CPR---What It Is
188(1)
CPR---How It Works
189(1)
The Techniques of CPR
190(6)
One-Rescuer CPR
196(14)
Basic Procedures
196(3)
CPR Techniques for Infants and Children
199(5)
Neonatal Resuscitation
204(3)
Assuring Effective CPR
207(1)
Special CPR Situations
208(2)
CPR---Responsibilities of the First Responder
210(6)
Automated External Defibrillation
211(1)
The Heart's Conduction System
212(1)
External Defibrillation
213(2)
The Role of the EMS System
215(1)
Using Automated Defibrillators
216(7)
Basic Warnings
216(1)
First Responder Care
217(1)
Attaching the Defibrillator
217(1)
Operating the Fully Automatic Defibrillator
218(3)
Operating the Semiautomatic Defibrillator
221(1)
Problems Operating a Defibrillator
222(1)
Assessment and Quality Assurance
223(1)
Summary
224(2)
Remember and Consider
226(1)
Investigate
226(1)
Two-Rescuer CPR
227(14)
National Standard Objectives
228(1)
Learning Tasks
228(1)
Introduction
229(1)
Changing to Two-Rescuer CPR
230(1)
Compressions and Ventilations
230(4)
CPR Procedure
231(1)
Changing Positions
231(3)
Problems
234(1)
Summary
234(2)
Remember and Consider
236(1)
Investigate
236(1)
Unit 4 Skills
237(4)
UNIT 5 ILLNESS AND INJURY
Medical Emergencies
241(54)
National Standard Objectives
242(2)
Learning Tasks
244(1)
Medical Emergencies
244(2)
Signs and Symptoms
244(1)
Assessment
245(1)
Specific Medical Emergencies
246(19)
Chest Pain and Possible Heart Attacks
246(4)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
250(1)
Respiratory Emergencies
251(5)
Altered Mental Status
256(6)
Abdominal Pain
262(3)
Poisonings, Bites, and Stings
265(11)
Routes of Poisons
265(1)
Poison Control Centers
266(2)
Types of Poisons
268(5)
Anaphylactic Shock
273(3)
Heat Emergencies
276(1)
Heat Exhaustion
276(4)
Heat Cramps
278(1)
Heat Stroke
279(1)
Cold Emergencies
280(3)
Hypothermia (Generalized Cold Emergency)
280(1)
Localized Cold Injury
281(2)
Behavioral Emergencies
283(3)
Causes
283(1)
Assessment
284(1)
Emergency Care
284(1)
Potential Violence
285(1)
Alcohol and Other Drugs
286(5)
Alcohol Abuse
287(1)
Drug Abuse
288(3)
Summary
291(3)
Remember and Consider
294(1)
Investigate
294(1)
Bleeding and Soft-Tissue Injuries
295(74)
National Standard Objectives
296(2)
Learning Tasks
298(1)
Bleeding
299(3)
The Heart
299(1)
The Blood
300(1)
Blood Vessels
300(1)
General Considerations
301(1)
Types of Bleeding
302(19)
External Bleeding
302(14)
Internal Bleeding
316(5)
Shock
321(9)
Development of Shock
321(2)
Types of Shock
323(1)
Signs and Symptoms of Shock
324(2)
Preventing and Caring for Shock
326(4)
Recognizing Injuries
330(3)
Types of Injuries
330(3)
Basic Emergency Care
333(21)
Ongoing Care
333(1)
Care During Assessment
334(1)
Care of Closed Wounds
335(1)
Care of Open Wounds
335(1)
Care of Specific Injuries
336(18)
Burns
354(10)
Classification of Burns
354(2)
Severity
356(1)
Rules for First Responders
357(1)
Care of Burns
357(2)
Special Considerations
359(5)
Summary
364(2)
Remember and Consider
366(1)
Investigate
367(2)
Muscle and Bone Injuries
369(80)
National Standard Objectives
370(1)
Learning Tasks
370(3)
Introduction
373(1)
The Musculoskeletal System
374(3)
Functions of the Musculoskeletal System
374(1)
Main Parts of the Skeletal System
375(2)
Injuries to the Extremities
377(8)
Causes of Injuries
377(2)
Types of Injuries
379(2)
Signs and Symptoms of Injury to Bones and Joints
381(2)
Total Patient Care
383(2)
Splinting
385(10)
Soft Splints
385(2)
Rigid Splints
387(1)
Why Splint?
388(1)
First Responder Responsibilities
389(1)
Rules for Splinting
389(4)
Types of Splints
393(2)
Management of Upper Extremity Injuries
395(7)
Injuries to the Shoulder Girdle
397(1)
Injuries to the Upper Arm Bone
398(1)
Injuries to the Elbow
399(1)
Injuries to the Forearm, Wrist, and Hand
400(1)
Injuries to the Fingers
400(2)
Management of Lower Extremity Injuries
402(8)
Injuries to the Pelvic Girdle
402(6)
Injuries to the Upper Leg or Thigh
408(1)
Injuries to the Knee
408(1)
Injuries to the Lower Leg
409(1)
Injuries to the Ankle or Foot
410(1)
Resplinting
410(1)
The Axial Skeleton
410(5)
The Head
411(1)
The Spinal Column
412(1)
The Chest
412(1)
The Central Nervous System
412(2)
Mechanisms of Injury
414(1)
Injuries to the Head
415(5)
Types of Injuries
415(3)
Care for Head Injuries
418(2)
Injuries to the Spine
420(5)
Types of Injuries
420(1)
Signs and Symptoms of Spinal Injury
420(1)
The Focused Assessment
421(3)
Care for Injuries to the Spine
424(1)
Helmet Removal
425(6)
Injuries to the Chest
431(6)
Fractured Ribs
431(2)
Flail Chest
433(4)
Summary
437(3)
Remember and Consider
440(1)
Investigate
440(1)
Unit 5 Skills
441(8)
UNIT 6 CHILDBIRTH AND CHILDREN
Childbirth
449(30)
National Standard Objectives
450(1)
Learning Tasks
450(2)
Understanding Childbirth
452(3)
Anatomy of Pregnancy
452(1)
Stages of Labor
453(1)
Supplies and Materials
454(1)
Delivery
455(12)
Preparing for Delivery
455(3)
Normal Delivery
458(3)
Caring for the Newborn
461(5)
Caring for the Mother
466(1)
Complications and Emergencies
467(9)
Predelivery Emergencies
469(1)
Abnormal Delivery
470(3)
Other Emergencies
473(3)
Summary
476(2)
Remember and Consider
478(1)
Investigate
478(1)
Infants and Children
479(42)
National Standard Objectives
480(1)
Learning Tasks
480(2)
Introduction
482(1)
Characteristics of Infants and Children
483(9)
Age, Size, and Response
487(1)
Special Considerations
488(4)
Providing Emergency Care
492(22)
Managing the Airway
492(2)
Patient Assessment
494(2)
Managing Specific Medical Emergencies
496(10)
Managing Trauma Emergencies
506(8)
Suspected Neglect and Abuse
514(2)
Physical Abuse
515(1)
Summary
516(1)
Remember and Consider
517(1)
Investigate
518(1)
Unit 6 Skills
519(2)
UNIT 7 EMS OPERATIONS
Gaining Access and Triage
521(74)
National Standard Objectives
522(1)
Learning Tasks
522(2)
Safety
524(1)
Motor Vehicle Accidents
524(11)
Preparing for the Call
524(2)
The Scene
526(1)
The Closed Upright Vehicle
527(5)
The Overturned Closed Vehicle
532(1)
The Vehicle on Its Side
532(1)
Patients Pinned Beneath Vehicles
533(1)
Patients Caught in Wreckage
534(1)
Buildings
535(1)
First Responder Responsibilities
535(1)
Entering Buildings
535(1)
Hazards
536(5)
Fire
536(1)
Gas
537(1)
Electrical Wires
538(1)
Hazardous Materials
538(2)
Radiation Accidents
540(1)
Triage
541(9)
Priorities
541(3)
The START Plan
544(1)
Patient Assessment
545(3)
Helicopter Operations/Air Medical Transport
548(2)
Summary
550(1)
Remember and Consider
551(1)
Investigate
552(1)
APPENDICES
Appendix 1, Determining Blood Pressure
553(5)
Appendix 2, Breathing Aids and Oxygen Therapy
558(13)
Appendix 3, Pharmacology
571(8)
Appendix 4, Swimming and Diving Accidents
579(8)
Appendix 5, Stress Management
587(5)
Appendix 6, First Responder Roles and Responsibilities
592(3)
Glossary595(13)
Index608

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