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Essentials of American Government : Continuity and Change, 2006 Edition

ISBN: 9780321276230 | 032127623X
Edition: 7th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Longman
Pub. Date: 1/1/2006

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SummaryTable of Contents
The Essentials edition of the number one book in American government continues to provide the most current and engaging introduction available for the course and contains an entire unit devoted to Texas government and politics. Like the comprehensive edition, this nuts-and-bolts version was written with the belief that knowledge of the development of American government is integral to fully understand our current political system. Essentials of American Government: Continuity and Change is a student-friendly text offering a strong historical pe... MORE
Prefacexvii
PART I FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT
The Political Landscape
1(27)
Government: What... MORE
3(2)
Functions of Government
4(1)
Roots of American Government: Where Did the Ideas Come From?
5(4)
Types of Government
6(1)
The Reformation and the Enlightenment: Questioning the Divine Right of Kings
6(1)
Hobbes, Locke, and a Social Contract Theory of Government
7(1)
Devising a National Government in the American Colonies
8(1)
American Political Culture and the Characteristics of American Democracy
9(3)
Personal Liberty
9(1)
Equality
10(1)
Popular Consent and Majority Rule
10(1)
Popular Sovereignty
10(1)
Building Civil Society
10(1)
Global Perspective American Uniqueness in the World: Are We Number One?
11(1)
Individualism
12(1)
Changing Characteristics of the American People
12(10)
Changing Size and Population
12(1)
Changing Demographics of the U.S. Population
13(3)
Join the Debate The Huntington Theory of Hispanization
16(2)
Implications of These Changes
18(1)
Analyzing Visuals Changing Age Composition of the United States
19(1)
Ideology of the American Public
20(1)
Problems with Political Labels
21(1)
Current Attitudes Toward American Government
22(6)
High Expectations
23(1)
A Missing Appreciation of the Good
23(1)
Mistrust of Politicians
24(1)
Voter Apathy
24(1)
Politics Now Disapproval of U.S. Involvement in Iraq
25(1)
Redefining Our Expectations
26(2)
The Constitution
28(35)
The Origins of a New Nation
30(5)
Trade and Taxation
30(2)
First Steps Toward Independence
32(1)
The Continental Congresses
33(1)
The Declaration of Independence
33(2)
The First Attempt at Government: The Articles of Confederation
35(1)
Problems Under the Articles of Confederation
35(1)
The Miracle at Philadelphia: Writing a Constitution
36(3)
The Virginia and New Jersey Plans
37(1)
Constitutional Compromises
37(2)
Unfinished Business Affecting the Executive Branch
39(1)
The U.S. Constitution
39(10)
The Basic Principles of the Constitution
40(3)
The Articles of the Constitution
43(2)
The Characteristics and Motives of the Framers
45(1)
Global Perspective Writing a Constitution: How Do We Compare?
46(2)
Analyzing Visuals Who Were the Framers?
48(1)
The Drive for Ratification
49(4)
Federalists Versus Anti-Federalists
49(1)
The Federalist Papers
50(1)
Ratifying the Constitution
51(1)
On Campus A Student's Revenge: The Twenty-Seventh (Madison) Amendment
52(1)
Adding a Bill of Rights
53(1)
Methods of Amending the Constitution
53(10)
Formal Methods of Amending the Constitution
54(1)
The Living Constitution Article V
55(1)
Informal Methods of Amending the Constitution
56(1)
Politics Now The Marriage Amendment
57(1)
Join the Debate The ``Equal Opportunity to Govern'' Amendment
58(5)
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
63(499)
Federalism
100(29)
The Roots of the Federal System: Governmental Powers Under the Constitution
102(8)
National Powers Under the Constitution
104(1)
Global Perspective Federalism Around the World
105(1)
State Powers Under the Constitution
106(1)
Concurrent and Denied Powers Under the Constitution
106(1)
The Living Constitution Tenth Amendment
107(1)
Relations Among the States
108(1)
On Campus Legislating Against Violence Against Women: A Casualty of the Devolution Revolution?
109(1)
Relations Within the States: Local Government
110(1)
Federalism and the Marshall Court
110(2)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
110(2)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
112(1)
Dual Federalism: The Taney Court, Slavery, and the Civil War
112(7)
Dred Scott v. Sandford and the Advent of Civil War
113(1)
The Civil War, Its Aftermath, and the Continuation of Dual Federalism
113(1)
Setting the Stage for a Stronger National Government
114(1)
Cooperative Federalism: The New Deal and the Growth of National Government
114(1)
The New Deal
115(2)
The Changing Nature of Federalism: From Layer Cake to Marble Cake
117(1)
Federal Grants and National Efforts to Influence the States
117(2)
New Federalism: Returning Power to the States
119(10)
The Reagan Revolution
119(1)
The Devolution Revolution
120(1)
Federalism Under the Bush Administration
121(1)
Join the Debate The No Child Left Behind Act
122(2)
The Supreme Court: A Return to States' Rights?
124(1)
Analyzing Visuals State-by-State Report Card on Access to Abortion
125(4)
Civil Liberties
129(37)
The First Constitutional Amendments: The Bill of Rights
131(3)
The Incorporation Doctrine: The Bill of Rights Made Applicable to the States
132(1)
Selective Incorporation and Fundamental Freedoms
133(1)
First Amendment Guarantees: Freedom of Religion
134(3)
The Establishment Clause
135(1)
The Free Exercise Clause
136(1)
First Amendment Guarantees: Freedom of Speech, Press, and Assembly
137(11)
Freedom of Speech and the Press in the United States
137(2)
Global Perspective Freedom of the Press
139(2)
Protected Speech and Publications
141(1)
Join the Debate The USA Patriot Act
142(3)
Unprotected Speech and Publications
145(3)
Freedoms of Assembly and Petition
148(1)
The Second Amendment: The Right to Keep and Bear Arms
148(2)
The Rights of Criminal Defendants
150(7)
The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures
150(2)
Politics Now The Wartime Rights of Political Detainees
152(1)
The Fifth Amendment and Self-Incrimination
153(1)
The Fourth and Fifth Amendments and the Exclusionary Rule
154(1)
The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Counsel
155(1)
The Sixth Amendment and Jury Trials
156(1)
The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment
156(1)
The Right to Privacy
157(9)
Birth Control
158(1)
Abortion
158(1)
The Living Constitution Ninth Amendment
159(1)
Homosexuality
160(1)
Analyzing Visuals Partial Birth Abortion Ban
161(2)
The Right to Die
163(3)
Civil Rights
166(37)
Slavery, Abolition, and Winning the Right to Vote, 1800--1890
168(5)
Slavery and Congress
168(1)
The First Civil Rights Movements: Abolition and Women's Rights
168(1)
The 1850s: The Calm Before the Storm
169(1)
The Civil War and Its Aftermath: Civil Rights Laws and Civil War Amendments
169(2)
The Living Constitution Thirteenth Amendment, Section 1
171(1)
Civil Rights, Congress, and the Supreme Court
172(1)
The Push for Equality, 1890--1954
173(8)
The Founding of Key Groups
174(2)
Litigating for Equality
176(2)
Join the Debate Brown v. Board of Education After Fifty Years
178(3)
The Civil Rights Movement
181(3)
School Desegregation After Brown
181(1)
A New Move for African American Rights
182(1)
Formation of New Groups
182(1)
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
183(1)
The Women's Rights Movement
184(7)
The Equal Rights Amendment
185(1)
Litigating for Equal Rights
186(3)
Global Perspective Women in Parliament
189(2)
Other Groups Mobilize for Rights
191(7)
Hispanic Americans
191(1)
On Campus Helping Others to Achieve Their Civil Rights
192(2)
Native Americans
194(1)
Gays and Lesbians
195(1)
Politics Now Reclaiming Rights: Indians Use Diverse Ways to Reverse the Economic Adversity of Discrimination
196(1)
Disabled Americans
197(1)
Continuing Controversies in Civil Rights
198(5)
Analyzing Visuals How Americans View Affirmative Action
199(4)
PART II INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT
Congress
203(37)
The Constitution and the Legislative Branch of Government
205(3)
Apportionment and Redistricting
206(1)
Constitutional Powers of Congress
206(1)
The Living Constitution Article 1, Section 8
207(1)
How Congress Is Organized
208(12)
The House of Representatives
210(1)
The Senate
211(1)
Join the Debate Ethics and the Congress
212(2)
Politics Now A Minority Bill of Rights?
214(1)
The Role of Political Parties in Organizing Congress
215(2)
The Committee System
217(3)
The Members of Congress
220(6)
Running for Office and Staying in Office
221(1)
Congressional Demographics
222(1)
Analyzing Visuals Approval Ratings of Congress and Individual Representatives
223(2)
Theories of Representation
225(1)
Global Perspective The Parliament of the ``United States of Europe''
226(1)
How Members of Congress Make Decisions
226(4)
Party
227(1)
Constituents
228(1)
Colleagues and Caucuses
228(1)
Interest Groups, Lobbyists, and Political Action Committees
229(1)
Staff and Support Agencies
230(1)
The Law-making Function of Congress
230(3)
How a Bill Becomes a Law
230(3)
Congress and the President
233(4)
The Shifting Balance of Power
233(1)
Congressional Oversight of the Executive Branch
234(3)
Congress and the Judiciary
237(3)
The Presidency
240(30)
The Roots of and Rules Governing the Office of President of the United States
242(4)
Presidential Qualifications and Terms of Office
243(1)
Removal from Office
243(1)
Rules of Succession
244(1)
The Living Constitution Twenty-Fifth Amendment, Section 2
245(1)
The Constitutional Powers of the President
246(7)
The Appointment Power
246(1)
The Power to Convene Congress
247(1)
The Power to Make Treaties
247(1)
The Veto Power
248(1)
The Power to Preside over the Military as Commander in Chief
248(1)
The Pardoning Power
249(1)
Join the Debate The War Powers Act
250(3)
The Development and Expansion of Presidential Power
253(2)
The Growth of the Modern Presidency
254(1)
The Presidential Establishment
255(4)
The Vice President
255(1)
The Cabinet
256(1)
The First Lady
257(1)
The Executive Office of the President (EOP)
258(1)
The White House Staff
258(1)
The President as Policy Maker
259(4)
The President's Role in Proposing Legislation
259(1)
Politics Now The President as Policy Maker: Turning the Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission into Law
260(1)
The Budgetary Process and Executive Implementation
261(1)
Policy Making Through Regulation
262(1)
Presidential Leadership and the Importance of Public Opinion
263(7)
Presidential Leadership
263(1)
Presidential Personality and the Power to Persuade
264(1)
Global Perspective In the Public Eye: Prime Ministers and Presidents
265(1)
Going Public: Mobilizing Public Opinion
266(1)
The Public's Perception of Presidential Performance
266(1)
Analyzing Visuals Presidential Approval Ratings Since 1938
267(3)
The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy
270(28)
The Executive Branch and the Development of the Federal Bureaucracy
272(5)
Bureaucracy in the United States
273(1)
The Civil War and the Growth of Government
273(1)
From the Spoils System to the Merit System
273(1)
The Living Constitution Article II, Section 2
274(1)
Regulating the Economy and the Growth of Government in the Twentieth Century
275(1)
Government Workers and Political Involvement
276(1)
The Modern Bureaucracy
277(13)
Politics Now E-Government
278(1)
Who Are Bureaucrats?
278(2)
Analyzing Visuals Characteristics and Rank Distribution of Federal Civilian Employees
280(2)
Global Perspective Who Are the Bureaucrats? Should We Care?
282(2)
Formal Organization
284(2)
Join the Debate The EPA and Lead in Water
286(4)
How the Bureaucracy Works
290(4)
Making Policy
291(2)
On Campus Enforcing Gender Equity in College Athletics
293(1)
Making Agencies Accountable
294(4)
Executive Control
294(1)
Congressional Control
295(1)
Judicial Control
295(3)
The Judiciary
298(38)
The Constitution and the Creation of the Federal Judiciary
300(6)
Global Perspective Judicial Structure and Powers
301(1)
The Judiciary Act of 1789 and the Creation of the Federal Judicial System
302(1)
The Living Constitution Article III, Section 1
303(2)
The Marshall Court: Marbury v. Madison and Judicial Review
305(1)
The American Legal System
306(2)
Jurisdiction
306(1)
Criminal and Civil Law
307(1)
The Federal Court System
308(4)
District Courts
308(2)
The Courts of Appeals
310(1)
The Supreme Court
310(2)
How Federal Court Judges Are Selected
312(7)
Who Are Federal Judges?
312(2)
Politics Now Senatorial Confirmation of Judicial Nominations
314(1)
Appointments to the U.S. Supreme Court
315(1)
Nomination Criteria
315(1)
Analyzing Visuals Race/Ethnicity and Gender of District Court
316(2)
The Supreme Court Confirmation Process
318(1)
The Supreme Court Today
319(8)
Deciding to Hear a Case
320(3)
How Does a Case Survive the Process?
323(2)
Hearing and Deciding the Case
325(2)
Judicial Philosophy and Decision Making
327(5)
Judicial Philosophy, Original Intent, and Ideology
327(1)
Join the Debate Separation of Powers and the Scalia Recusals
328(1)
Models of Judicial Decision Making
328(4)
Judicial Policy Making and Implementation
332(4)
Policy Making
332(1)
Implementing Court Decisions
333(3)
PART III POLITICAL BEHAVIOR
Public Opinion and the News Media
336(48)
Efforts to Influence and Measure Public Opinion
338(3)
Early Efforts to Measure Public Opinion
338(2)
Recent Efforts to Measure Public Opinion
340(1)
Political Socialization and Other Factors That Influence Opinion Formation
341(11)
The Family
341(1)
School and Peers
342(1)
The Mass Media
343(1)
Social Groups
344(3)
Analyzing Visuals Racial and Ethnic Attitudes on Selected Issues
347(4)
The Impact of Events
351(1)
Political Ideology and Public Opinion About Government
351(1)
How We Form Political Opinions
352(2)
Personal Benefits
352(1)
Political Knowledge
353(1)
Cues from Leaders
353(1)
How Public Opinion Is Measured
354(6)
Creating a Public Opinion Poll
354(2)
Political Polls
356(2)
Shortcomings of Polling
358(2)
The News Media
360(16)
The Evolution of Journalism in the United States
360(1)
The Living Constitution Amendment I
361(2)
The U.S. Media Today
363(4)
Global Perspective Al-Jazeera: CNN of the Arab World?
367(1)
How the Media Cover Politicians and Government
368(2)
Investigative Journalism and the Character Issue
370(1)
Are the Media Biased?
371(3)
Join the Debate Media Bias: Is the News Affected by an Ideological Bias?
374(2)
The Media's Influence on the Public
376(2)
Politics Now When the Media Become the Story
377(1)
The Public's Perception of the Media
378(2)
Government Regulation of the Electronic Media
380(4)
Content Regulation
381(1)
Prior Restraint
381(3)
Political Parties and Interest Groups
384(39)
Political Parties
386(17)
The Evolution of American Party Democracy
386(3)
The Modern Era Versus the Golden Age: Is the Party Over?
389(1)
The Two-Party System and Third Parties
390(1)
The Basic Structure of American Political Parties
391(3)
Global Perspective The Emergence of New Parties
394(3)
The Roles of Political Parties in the United States
397(6)
Interest Groups
403(20)
Why and How Interest Groups Form and Maintain Themselves
404(2)
Join the Debate Limits on Interest Group Participation
406(2)
The Roots and Development of American Interest Groups
408(2)
The Living Constitution First Amendment
410(2)
What Do Interest Groups Do?
412(1)
On Campus Conservative Student Groups: Speaking Up
413(3)
Analyzing Visuals Top Lobbying Expenditures
416(2)
Politics Now The March for Women's Lives
418(1)
Election Activities
419(4)
Campaigns, Elections, and Voting
423(53)
Global Perspective National Elections 2004
425(1)
Types of Elections
426(2)
Politics Now Is California the New Florida?
427(1)
Presidential Elections
428(16)
The Living Constitution Age Qualifications for National Elected Office
429(1)
The Nomination Campaign
430(2)
The General Election Campaign
432(1)
The Personal Campaign
433(1)
The Organizational Campaign
433(2)
The Media Campaign
435(2)
The Electoral College: How Presidents Are Elected
437(5)
Patterns of Presidential Elections
442(2)
Congressional Elections
444(3)
The Incumbency Advantage
444(2)
Analyzing Visuals Congressional Election Results, 1948--2004
446(1)
Campaign Finance
447(8)
Sources of Political Contributions
448(6)
Future Campaign Finance Reform
454(1)
Voting Behavior
455(9)
Patterns in Voter Turnout
455(3)
Join the Debate Should the Voting Age Be Lowered to Sixteen?
458(2)
Why Is Voter Turnout So Low?
460(2)
Patterns in Vote Choice
462(2)
Bringing It Together: The 2004 Presidential Campaign and Elections
464(12)
The Party Nomination Battle
464(2)
The Democratic Convention
466(1)
The Republican Convention
467(2)
The Presidential Debates
469(1)
The Fall Campaign and General Election
470(1)
Election Results
471(1)
Turnout in the 2004 Election
472(1)
The Next Four Years
472(4)
Social and Economic Policy
476(38)
The Policy Process
478(10)
Stages of the Policy Process
478(1)
Problem Recognition and Definition
479(1)
Agenda Setting
480(1)
Policy Formulation
481(1)
Join the Debate Should the Federal Government Regulate Marriage and Family?
482(2)
Policy Adoption
484(1)
Budgeting
484(1)
Policy Implementation
485(2)
Policy Evaluation
487(1)
Social Welfare Policy
488(14)
The Roots of Social Welfare Policy
488(2)
Social Welfare Policies Today
490(3)
Politics Now The Politics of Social Security Reform
493(2)
Analyzing Visuals: Unemployment Rates by State, February 2004
495(2)
The Living Constitution Preamble
497(1)
The Effectiveness of Income Security Programs
498(1)
Health Care
499(3)
Economic Policy
502(12)
The Roots of Economic Policy
502(1)
The Progressive Era
503(2)
Economic and Social Regulations
505(1)
Deregulation
505(1)
Global Perspective Economic Freedom Around the World
506(3)
Stabilizing the Economy
509(5)
Foreign and Defense Policy
514(48)
The Roots of Current U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy
516(15)
Detente, Human Rights, and Renewed Containment: 1969--1981
518(2)
Containment Revisited and Renewed: 1981--1989
520(1)
Searching for a New International Order: 1989--2001
521(2)
A New Order for the Twenty-First Century?
523(1)
Global Perspective U.S. Foreign Policy and the United Nations
524(3)
On Campus The Impact of 9/11 on American Campuses
527(3)
The Living Constitution Article 1, Section 8
530(1)
The Executive Branch and Foreign and Defense Policy Making
531(4)
The Role of the President
532(1)
Politics Now The United States and the International Criminal Court
532(1)
The Departments of State, Defense, and Homeland Security
533(1)
The Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Council
534(1)
Other Shapers and Influencers of Foreign and Defense Policy
535(7)
Congress
535(2)
Analyzing Visuals U.S. Defense Spending
537(1)
The Military-Industrial Complex
538(1)
The News Media
538(1)
The Public
539(1)
Join the Debate Should the United States Pull Out of the United Nations?
540(2)
The Challenge of Balancing Foreign and Domestic Affairs
542(5)
APPENDICES
I The Declaration of Independence
547(3)
II Federalist No. 10
550(5)
III Federalist No. 51
555(3)
IV Presidents, Congresses, and Chief Justices: 1789--2005
558(4)
Selected Supreme Court Cases562(5)
Glossary567(11)
Notes578(9)
Index587

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