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Essential Genetics : A Genomics Perspective

by: Hartl, Daniel L.

Essential Genetics : A Genomics Perspective

by: Hartl, Daniel L.

ISBN 13:
9780763718527
ISBN 10:
0763718521
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2002
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett
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Summary

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Overview of Molecular Genetics and Genomics
DNA: The Genetic Code of Genes and Genomics	p. 1
DNA Is the Molecule of Heredity	p. 3
The Structure of DNA Is a Double Helix Composed of Two Intertwined Strands	p. 7
In Replication, Each Parental DNA Strand Directs the Synthesis of a New Partner Strand	p. 9
Genes Code for Proteins	p. 9
Genes Change by Mutation	p. 20
Traits Are Affected by Environment as Well as by Genes	p. 22
Evolution Means Continuity of Life with Change	p. 22
Classical Genetic Analysis
Transmission Genetics: Heritage From Mendel	p. 33
Mendel took a distinctly modern view of transmission genetics	p. 34
Genes Come in Pairs, Separate in Gametes, and Join Randomly in Fertilization	p. 39
The Alleles of Different Genes Segregate Independently	p. 45
Chance Plays a Central Role in Mendelian Genetics	p. 49
The Results of Segregation Can Be Observed in Human Pedigrees	p. 52
Dominance Is a Property of a Pair of Alleles in Relation to a Particular Attribute of Phenyotype	p. 54
Epistasis Can Affect the Observed Ratios of Phenotypes	p. 59
Complementation Between Mutations of Different Genes Is a Fundamental Principle of Genetics	p. 62
The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity	p. 73
Each Species Has a Characteristic Set of Chromosomes	p. 74
The Daughter Cells of Mitosis Have Identical Chromosomes	p. 75
Meiosis Results in Gametes That Differ Genetically	p. 80
Eukaryotic Chromosomes Are Highly Coiled Complexes of DNA and Protein	p. 90
The Centromere and Telomeres Are Essential Parts of Chromosomes	p. 96
Genes Are Located in Chromosomes	p. 100
Genetic Data Analysis Makes Use of Probability and Statistics	p. 107
Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping	p. 121
Linked Alleles Tend to Stay Together in Meiosis	p. 122
Recombination Results from Crossing-Over Between Linked Alleles	p. 126
Double Crossovers Are Revealed in Three-Point Crosses	p. 135
Polymorphic DNA Sequences Are Used in Human Genetic Mapping	p. 141
Tetrads Contain All Four Products of Meiosis	p. 146
Recombination Results from Breakage and Reunion of DNA Molecule	p. 155
Human Karyotypes and Chromosome Behavior	p. 167
Human Beings Have 46 Chromosomes in 23 Pairs	p. 168
Chromosome Abnormalities Are Frequent in Spontaneous Abortions	p. 177
Chromosome Rearrangements Can Have Important Genetic Effects	p. 182
Polyploid Species Have Multiple Sets of Chromosomes	p. 193
The Grass Family Illustrates the Importance of Polyploidy and Chromosome Rearrangements in Genome Evolution	p. 199
Molecular Genetic Analysis
The Chemical Structure, Replication, and Manipulation of DNA	p. 209
Genome Size Can Differ Tremendously, Even Among Closely Related Organisms	p. 210
DNA Is a Linear Polymer of Four Deoxyribonucleotides	p. 212
Duplex DNA Is a Double Helix in which the Bases Form Hydrogen Bonds	p. 215
Replication Uses Each DNA Strand as a Template for a New One	p. 216
Many Proteins Participate in DNA Replication	p. 223
Knowledge of DNA Structure Makes Possible the Manipulation of DNA Molecules	p. 232
The Polymerase Chain Reaction Makes Possible the Amplification of a Particular DNA Fragment	p. 237
Chemical Terminators of DNA Synthesis Are Used to Determine the Base Sequence	p. 239
Mechanisms of Mutation and DNA Repair	p. 249
Mutations Are Classified in a Variety of Ways	p. 250
Mutations Result from Changes in DNA Sequence	p. 252
Transposable Elements Are Agents of Mutation	p. 256
Mutations Are Statistically Random Events	p. 262
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations Have Similar Chemistries	p. 267
Many Types of DNA Damage Can Be Repaired	p. 275
Genetic Tests Are Useful for Detecting Agents That Cause Mutations and Cancer	p. 278
The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses	p. 287
Many DNA Sequences in Bacteria Are Mobile and Can Be Transferred Between Individuals and Among Species	p. 288
Mutations That Affect a Cell's Ability to Form Colonies Are Often Used in Bacterial Genetics	p. 296
Transformation Results from the Uptake of DNA and Recombination	p. 297
In Bacterial Mating, DNA Transfer Is Unidirectional	p. 299
Some Phages Can Transfer Small Pieces of Bacterial DNA	p. 306
Bacteriophage DNA Molecules in the Same Cell Can Recombine	p. 310
Lysogenic Bacteriophages Do Not Necessarily Kill the Host	p. 314
Molecular Biology of Genes and Genomes
The Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression	p. 329
Polypeptide Chains Are Linear Polymers of Amino Acids	p. 330
The Linear Order of Amino Acids Is Encoded in a DNA Base Sequence	p. 333
The Base Sequence in DNA Specifies the Base Sequence in an RNA Transcript	p. 334
RNA Processing Converts the Original RNA Transcript into Messenger RNA	p. 339
Translation into a Polypeptide Chain Takes Place on a Ribosome	p. 343
The Genetic Code for Amino Acids Is a Triplet Code	p. 351
Several Ribosomes Can Move in Tandem Along a Messenger RNA	p. 358
Molecular Mechanisms of Gene Regulation	p. 369
Regulation of Transcription Is a Common Mechanism in Prokaryotes	p. 370
Lactose Degradation Is Regulated by the Lactose Operon	p. 372
Tryptophan Biosynthesis Is Regulated by the Tryptophan Operon	p. 379
Eukaryotes Regulate Transcription Through Transcriptional Activator Proteins, Enhancers, and Silencers	p. 383
Gene Expression Can Be Affected by Heritable Chemical Modifications in the DNA	p. 392
Regulation Also Takes Place at the Levels of RNA Processing and Decay	p. 394
Regulation Can Also Take Place at the Level of Translation	p. 395
Some Developmental Processes Are Controlled by Programmed DNA Rearrangements	p. 396
Genetic Engineering and Functional Genomics	p. 407
Cloning a DNA Molecule Takes Place in Several Steps	p. 408
Reverse Genetics Creates an Organism with a Designed Mutation	p. 420
Genetic Engineering Is Applied in Medicine, Industry, Agriculture, and Research	p. 426
The Human Genome Project Has Achieved Its Initial Goals for Genomic Sequencing	p. 429
Functional Genomics Reveals Genome-wide Patterns of Gene Expression	p. 435
The Genetic Control of Development	p. 443
Mating Type in Yeast Illustrates Transcriptional Control of Development	p. 444
The Determination of Cell Fate in C. elegans Development Is Largely Autonomous	p. 445
Development in Drosophila Illustrates Progressive Regionalization and Specification of Cell Fate	p. 451
Floral Development in Arabidopsis Illustrates Combinatorial Control of Gene Expression	p. 464
The Genetic Origins of Cancer	p. 475
Checkpoints in the Cell Cycle Allow Damaged Cells to Repair Themselves or to Self-Destruct	p. 476
Cancer Cells Have a Small Number of Mutations That Prevent Normal Checkpoint Function	p. 482
Mutations That Predispose to Cancer Can Be Inherited Through the Germ Line	p. 487
Acute Leukemias Are Proliferative Diseases of White Blood Cells and Their Precursors	p. 492
Complex Traits and Evolutionary Genetics
Population Genetics and Evolution	p. 501
Genotypes May Differ in Frequency from One Population to Another	p. 502
Random Mating Means That Mates Pair Without Regard to Genotype	p. 506
Highly Polymorphic Sequences Are Used in DNA Typing	p. 511
Inbreeding Means Mating Between Relatives	p. 517
Evolution Is Accompanied by Genetic Changes in Species	p. 520
Mutation and Migration Bring New Alleles into Populations	p. 520
Natural Selection Favors Genotypes That Are Better Able to Survive and Reproduce	p. 521
Some Changes in Allele Frequency Are Random	p. 526
Mitochondrial DNA Is Maternally Inherited	p. 529
The Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits	p. 539
Multifactorial Traits Are Determined by Multiple Genes and the Environment	p. 540
Variation in a Trait Can Be Separated into Genetic and Environmental Components	p. 545
Artificial Selection Is a Form of "Managed Evolution"	p. 554
Genetic Variation Is Revealed by Correlations Between Relatives	p. 558
Pedigree Studies of Genetic Polymorphisms Are Used to Map Loci for Quantitative Traits	p. 561
Answers to Even-Numbered Problems	p. 573
Word Roots	p. 583
Glossary	p. 587
Index	p. 601
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Essential Genetics : A Genomics Perspective

Essential Genetics : A Genomics Perspective

9780763718527

0763718521

Summary

Table of Contents

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Essential Genetics : A Genomics Perspective

Essential Genetics : A Genomics Perspective

9780763718527

0763718521

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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