Rent 9780130816061 | The Environmental Policy Paradox

Summary Table of Contents

This book provides an introduction to the policy making process in the United States with regard to air, water, land use, agriculture, energy, waste disposal, and other areas. It explains why some environmental ideas shape policy while others do not and illustrates that even when the best short and long-term solutions to environmental problems are identified, the task of implementing these solutions is either left undone or is completed too late. Also included is a comprehensive history of the environmental movement plus a unique chapter on the ecosystem and a unique discussion of agency culture (what makes agencies tick). ecosystem interdependence, the public and environmental awareness, the regulatory environment, the political and institutional setting, air, water, energy, toxic and hazardous waste, land management issues, international environmental issues, international environmental management. For public policy administrators, legislators, lobbyists, environmental advocates and others interested in how public policy with regard to the environment is developed and put into action.

Preface

xiii

Abbreviations

xvii

PART ONE: THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS

Ecosystem Interdependence

(6)

The Stead... MORE

(1)

Common Pool Resources

(1)

Summary

(1)

Notes

(2)

The Public and Environmental Awareness

(18)

Dominant Social Paradigm

(6)

Economics and Growth

(3)

Science and Technology: Our Views of Nature

(1)

The Role of Religion

(1)

History of the Environmental Movement

(6)

Dominance

(1)

Early Awakening

(1)

Early Conservationists

(1)

Later Conservationists

(1)

The Reawakening

(1)

Complacency

(1)

The Little Reagan Revolution

(2)

Public Opinion and the Environment

(2)

Summary

(1)

Notes

(3)

The Regulatory Environment

(10)

The Regulatory Context

(8)

Science and Risk Analysis

(3)

The Role of Government

(1)

Approaches to Regulation

(3)

Summary

(1)

Notes

(2)

The Political and Institutional Setting

(33)

Pluralism

(14)

Group Types

(1)

Interest Groups and the Policy Cycle

(2)

Group Resources and Policy Making

(4)

Incrementalism

(1)

Decentralization

(1)

Short-Term Bias

(1)

Ideological Bias

(1)

Private Nature of Public Policy Making

(1)

Crisis Planning

(1)

The Regulators

(14)

National Environmental Policy Act

(3)

Environmental Administration

(1)

The Environmental Protection Agency

(5)

Department of Interior

(2)

Bureau of Land Management

(1)

National Park Service

(1)

Forest Service

(1)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

(1)

Summary

(1)

Notes

(5)

PART TWO: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

Air Pollution

(37)

Sources

(5)

Health Effects

(2)

Motor Vehicles

(1)

Air Pollution: Law, Regulations, and Enforcement

(24)

Regulatory Innovations

(2)

Regulatory Issues

(1)

Toxic Air Pollution

(3)

Acid Rain

(4)

Stratospheric Ozone

(4)

The Greenhouse Effect

(5)

Summary

(1)

Notes

(7)

Water Pollution

105

(20)

Sources

106

(4)

Nonpoint Sources of Pollution

108

(1)

Groundwater Pollution

108

(1)

Health Effects of Water Pollution

109

(1)

Water Law and Regulation

110

(11)

Criticisms of Water Pollution Policy

114

(2)

Ocean Pollution

116

(1)

The Paradox in Water Pollution Policy

117

(4)

Summary

121

(1)

Notes

121

(4)

Energy

125

(39)

History of Energy

126

(10)

Industrial Revolution

126

(1)

Oil and War

127

(1)

Role of Personal Consumption

128

(1)

OPEC and the Oil Crises

129

(2)

Development of Nuclear Power

131

(2)

Development of a National Energy Policy

133

(3)

Nonrenewable Energy Sources

136

(4)

Coal

136

(1)

Oil

137

(1)

Natural Gas

138

(1)

Geothermal Energy

139

(1)

Nuclear Power

139

(1)

Renewable Energy

140

(5)

Hydropower

141

(1)

Solar Power

142

(1)

Wind Power

143

(1)

Biomass

144

(1)

Conservation and Energy Efficiency: Some Suggestions for the Future

145

(5)

Conservation in Homes and Buildings

146

(2)

Conservation in Transportation

148

(1)

Conservation in Industry

148

(1)

Obstacles to Conservation

149

(1)

An Ecological Conclusion

150

(1)

Summary

150

(1)

Notes

151

(13)

Toxic and Hazardous Waste

164

(25)

Solid Waste

165

(5)

Scope of the Problem

165

(1)

Disposal Methods

166

(1)

Regulations

167

(1)

Solutions

168

(2)

Hazardous Wastes

170

(14)

Nature of the Problem

170

(2)

Disposal Methods

172

(4)

Federal Regulations

176

(2)

Regulatory Problems

178

(3)

The Policy Paradox in Hazardous Waste Management

181

(3)

Summary

184

(1)

Notes

184

(5)

Land Management Issues

189

(21)

Local Land-Use Planning

189

(6)

Soil Erosion

192

(2)

Farmland Conversion

194

(1)

Desertification

194

(1)

Federal Land Management

195

(11)

Summary

206

(1)

Notes

207

(3)

International Environmental Issues

210

(17)

Population and Food Production

211

(5)

Desertification and Food Production

216

(1)

Global Pollution

216

(3)

The Ozone Layer

217

(1)

The Greenhouse Effect

217

(1)

Deforestation

218

(1)

Ocean Pollution

218

(1)

Less Developed Countries: North vs. South

219

(2)

International Conflict

221

(2)

Summary

223

(1)

Notes

223

(4)

International Environmental Management

227

(15)

Alternative Political Systems

229

(5)

Market Based Economies

229

(1)

Collective Ownership Systems

230

(1)

Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

231

(1)

China

232

(2)

International Environmental Management

234

(4)

Common Pool Resources

234

(1)

Creation of an IGO

235

(3)

Summary

238

(1)

Notes

239

(3)

Conclusion

242

(3)

Notes

245

(2)

Index

247

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