Rent 9780199274994 | Environmental Chemistry : A Global Perspective | Gary W. vanLoon; Stephen J. Duffy @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

Chemical processes shape the world we live in - the air we breathe, the water we drink, the weather we experience. Environmental Chemistry: a global perspective describes those chemical principles which underpin the natural processes occurring within and between the air, water, and soil, and explores how human activities impact on these processes, giving rise to environmental issues of global concern.Guiding us through the chemical composition of the three key environmental systems - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and terrestrial environment - th... MOREe authors explain the chemical processes which occur within and between each system. Focusing on general principles, we are introduced to the essential chemical concepts which underpin an understanding of the air, water, and soil and how they behave; careful explanations ensure that clarity is not sacrificed at the expense of thorough coverage of theunderlying chemistry.We then see how human activity continues to affect the chemical behaviour of these environmental systems, and what the consequences of these natural processes being disturbed can be.Environmental Chemistry: a global perspective takes chemistry out of the laboratory, and shows us its importance in the world around us. With illuminating examples from around the globe, its rich pedagogy, and broad, carefully structured coverage, this book is the perfect resource for any environmental chemistry student wishing to develop a thorough understanding of their subject.Supplementary resourcesOnline Resource Centre featuring:Illustrations available to downloadSolutions manual, containing solutions to problems presented in the book

Guiding us through the chemical composition of the three key environmental systems--the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and terrestrial environment--the authors explain the chemical processes which occur within and between each system. Focusing on general principles, we are introduced to the essential chemical concepts which underpin an understanding of the air, water, and soil and how they behave; careful explanations ensure that clarity is not sacrificed at the expense of thorough coverage of the underlying chemistry. We then see how human activity continues to affect the chemical behavior of these environmental systems, and what the consequences of these natural processes being disturbed can be. Environmental Chemistry: A Global Perspective takes chemistry out of the laboratory and shows us its importance in the world around us. With illuminating examples from around the globe, its rich pedagogy, and broad, carefully structured coverage, this book is the perfect resource for any environmental chemistry student wishing to develop a thorough understanding of their subject. Supplementary Resources �Companion website featuring downloadable illustrations �Solutions manual

1. Environmental Chemistry

PART A: THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

2. The Earth's Atmosphere

3. Stratospheric chemistry-ozone

4. Tropospheric chemistry-smog

5. Tropospheric chemistry-precipitation

Preface to first edition

Preface to second edition

vii

Abbreviations

xiv

Environmental chemistry in a global perspective

(18)

... MORE

Environmental chemistry

(16)

The subject matter of this book

(3)

Environmental composition

(2)

Chemical processes

(4)

Anthropogenic effects

(5)

Additional reading

(2)

PART A The Earth's atmosphere

(176)

The Earth's atmosphere

(21)

The Earth's atmosphere---the air we breathe

(3)

Solar influence on the chemical composition of the atmosphere

(3)

Reactions and calculations in atmospheric chemistry

(15)

Additional reading

(1)

Problems

(3)

Stratospheric chemistry---ozone

(29)

Concerns about stratospheric ozone

(6)

Oxygen-only chemistry---formation and turnover of ozone

(3)

Processes for catalytic decomposition of ozone

(5)

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

(7)

Other reactions involving stratospheric ozone

(1)

Antarctic and Arctic `ozone hole' formation

(7)

Additional reading

(1)

Websites---Information on ozone monitoring

(1)

Problems

(3)

Tropospheric chemistry---smog

(29)

What is smog?

(2)

The chemistry of photochemical smog

(11)

Exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine

(15)

Additional reading

(1)

Problems

(2)

Tropospheric chemistry---precipitation

100

(25)

The composition of rain

101

(3)

Atmospheric production of nitric acid

104

(2)

Atmospheric production of sulfuric acid

106

(6)

Acidifying agents in precipitation

112

(1)

Rain, snow, and fog chemistry---similarities and differences

113

(3)

The global picture---sources and sinks

116

(4)

Control of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulfur emissions

120

(5)

Additional reading

123

(1)

Problems

124

(1)

Atmospheric aerosols

125

(18)

Sources of aerosols---a closer look

128

(8)

Aerosol concentrations and lifetimes

136

(3)

Air pollution control for particulate emissions

139

(4)

Additional reading

141

(1)

Problems

141

(2)

Chemistry of urban and indoor atmospheres

143

(21)

Pollutants in the urban atmosphere

144

(4)

Mexico City

148

(3)

Indoor air quality

151

(2)

Common indoor air contaminants

153

(11)

Additional reading

162

(1)

Problems

162

(2)

The chemistry of global climate

164

(31)

Composition of the Earth's atmosphere

164

(2)

Energy balance

166

(5)

The greenhouse gases and aerosols

171

(8)

Relative importance of the changes in greenhouse gas concentrations

179

(3)

Energy resources

182

(1)

Greenhouse gases associated with the use of carbon-based fuels

183

(12)

Additional reading

193

(1)

Problems

193

(2)

PART B The hydrosphere

195

(192)

The hydrosphere

197

(15)

Physical and chemical properties of water

201

(7)

Concentration units used for aqueous solutions

208

(4)

Additional reading

210

(1)

Problems

210

(2)

Distribution of species in aquatic systems

212

(24)

Single-variable diagrams

213

(6)

Two-variable diagrams---pE / pH diagrams

219

(13)

Measurements of pE

232

(4)

Additional reading

233

(1)

Problems

233

(3)

Gases in water

236

(18)

Simple gases

237

(4)

Gases that react with water

241

(5)

Alkalinity

246

(8)

Additional reading

252

(1)

Problems

252

(2)

Organic matter in water

254

(19)

Origins of organic matter in water

255

(2)

Environmental issues related to aqueous organic matter

257

(1)

Humic material

258

(15)

Additional reading

270

(1)

Problems

270

(3)

Metals and semi-metals in the hydrosphere

273

(26)

Aquo complexes of metals

275

(3)

Classification of metals

278

(9)

Three metals---their behaviour in the hydrosphere

287

(6)

Metal complexes of ligands of anthropogenic origin

293

(3)

Suspended matter in the hydrosphere---metal associations

296

(3)

Additional reading

297

(1)

Problems

298

(1)

Environmental chemistry of colloids and surfaces

299

(36)

Surface properties of colloidal materials

302

(6)

Quantitative descriptions of adsorption I

308

(3)

Phosphorus environmental chemistry

311

(6)

Quantitative descriptions of adsorption II

317

(2)

Partitioning of small organic solutes between water and soil or sediment

319

(8)

Colloidal material in the natural environment

327

(8)

Additional reading

333

(1)

Problems

333

(2)

Microbiological processes

335

(31)

Classification of microorganisms

336

(5)

Microbiological processes---the carbon cycle

341

(14)

Microbiological processes---the nitrogen cycle

355

(6)

Microbiological processes---the sulfur cycle

361

(5)

Additional reading

364

(1)

Problems

364

(2)

Water pollution and waste-water treatment chemistry

366

(21)

Water quality guidelines

369

(4)

Waste water and its treatment

373

(9)

Advanced microbiological processes

382

(2)

The final products after treatment of waste water

384

(3)

Additional reading

385

(1)

Problems

385

(2)

PART C The terrestrial environment

387

(120)

The terrestrial environment

389

(13)

Soil formation

391

(11)

Additional reading

400

(1)

Problems

400

(2)

Soil properties

402

(31)

Physical properties

402

(4)

Chemical properties

406

(6)

Soil profiles

412

(6)

Environmental issues associated with soils

418

(15)

Additional reading

430

(1)

Problems

430

(3)

The chemistry of solid wastes

433

(26)

Solid wastes from mining and metal production

435

(5)

Organic wastes

440

(8)

Mixed urban wastes

448

(11)

Additional reading

456

(1)

Problems

457

(2)

Organic biocides

459

(29)

What are biocides?

459

(3)

Chemical stability

462

(16)

Mobility of biocides

478

(5)

Leachability

483

(5)

Additional reading

485

(1)

Problems

486

(2)

The future Earth

488

(6)

Appendices

494

A.1 Properties of the Earth

494

(1)

A.2 Area, biomass, and productivity of ecosystem types

495

(1)

A.3 Properties of air and water

495

(1)

B.1 The elements

496

(3)

B.2 Thermochemical properties of selected elements and compounds

499

(2)

B.3 Mean bond enthalpies ΔH / kJ mol-1 at 298 K

501

(1)

B.4 Dissociation constants for acids and bases in aqueous solution at 25°C

502

(2)

B.5 Standard redox potentials in aqueous solutions

504

(1)

C.1 Fundamental constants

505

(1)

C.2 SI prefixes and fundamental geometric relations

505

(2)

Index

507

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