Rent 9780030318344 | Energy : Its Use and the Environment

Summary Table of Contents

ENERGY: ITS USE AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Third Edition is an introductory textbook that emphasizes the physical principles behind energy and its effects on our environment. It can be used in physics, technology, physical science, and environmental science courses for non-science majors. Many of the standard topics found in introductory physics textbooks are included. As a result, this book can be used as the text in a conceptual physics course with energy as the central theme. Much of the pedagogy used comes from a one-semester general education course the authors have taught at State University of New York (SUNY) College at Oswego, over the past 20 years. No math or other science prerequisite is necessary.

1. INTRODUCTION
Energy: An Initial Definition
Energy Use and the Environment
Our Earth - Then and Now
Energy Use Patterns
Energy Resources
Energy in China
Exponential Growth and Resource Depletion
Oil: A... MORE Critical Resource
Energy Conservation
Economic and Environmental Considerations
The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change
Future Scenarios
The Green Games, 2000 Questions
2. ENERGY MECHANICS
Introduction
Forms of Energy and Energy Conversions
Motion
Energy Losses in a Car
Energy and Work
Examples of Work and Energy
Power
Energy Use in India
Summary
Special Topic: Newton's Laws of Motion
3. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Introduction
Conservation of Energy Principle
Energy Conversion Examples
Energy Conversion Efficiencies
Energy Use in Developing Countries
Sustainable Development
A Barrel, A Calorie, A Btu? Energy Equivalencies
Summary
4. HEAT AND WORK
Introduction
Heat and Work and the First Law of Thermodynamics
Temperature and Heat
Heat Transfer Principles
Heat Engines
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Summary
5. HOME ENERGY CONSERVATION AND HEAT-TRANSFER CONTROL
Introduction
Building Materials
House Insulation and Heating Calculations
Site Selection
Impact of Energy Conservation Measures
Cooling
Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Summary
6. SOLAR ENERGY: CHARACTERISTICS AND HEATING
Introduction
Characteristics of Incident Solar Radiation
History of Solar Heating
Early 20th-Century Egyptian Solar Power Plant
Overview of Solar Heating Today
Solar Domestic Hot Water
Solar Water Heater Performance
Passive Solar Space Heating Systems
Active Solar Space Heating Systems
Thermal Energy Storage
Summary
7. ENERGY FROM FOSSIL FUELS
Introduction
Resource Terminology
Oil
Pipeline Politics in the Former Soviet Union
Oil Spills
Oil from Alaska: Past, Present sand Future Dilemmas
Natural Gas
Coal: An Expanding Role
Future Sources of Oil
Summary
Special Topic: Physics of Oil and Gas Exploration
8. AIR POLLUTION AND ENERGY USE
Introduction
Eastern Europe and the Environment
Properties and Motion of the Atmosphere
Air Pollutants and Their Sources
Air Pollution and the Third World
Air Quality Standards
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments
Automobile Emission Control Devices
Mass Transit
Stationary Source Air Pollution Control Systems
Summary
9. GLOBAL WARMING, OZONE DEPLETION, AND WASTE HEAT
Introduction
Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect
Carbon Taxes
Africa and Global Warming
Ozone Depletion
Thermal Pollution
Ecological Effects of Thermal Pollution
Cooling Towers and Ponds
Using Waste Heat
Summary
10. ELECTRICITY: CIRCUITS AND SUPERCONDUCTORS
Introduction to "Electrification"
Restructuring of the Electric Utility Industry
Managing Energy Demand
Electrical Charges and Currents
Batteries and Electric Vehicles
Common Batteries
Ohm's Law
Superconductivity
Elementary Circuits
Electrical Power
Pricing Electrical Energy Use
Edison Mazda Lamps, Circa 1925. Fuel Cells
Summary
Special Topic: Electrostatics
11. ELECTROMAGNETISM AND THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
Magnetism
The Generation of Electricity
Transmission of Electrical Energy
Standard Steam-Electric Generating Plant Cycle
Cogeneration
Summary
12. ELECTRICITY FROM SOLAR, WIND, AND HYDRO
Introduction
Solar Cell Principles
PV Car: "The Sunraycer
Cell Manufacture
Photovoltaic Systems and Economics
Pumping Water
Wind Energy
Hydropower
Small-Scale Hydroelectric Systems
Solar Thermal Electric Facilities
Summary
13. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER: THE ATOM AND ITS NUCLEUS
The Atomic Hypothesis
Building Blocks of the Atom
Energy Levels
Nuclear Structure
Radioactivity
Nuclear Glue or Binding Energy
The Joy of Atom-Smashing, or Nuclear Reactions
Radon
Fission
Summary
Special Topic: The Periodic Table
14. NUCLEAR POWER: FISSION
Introduction
Chain Reactions
Assembling a Nuclear Reactor
Types of Light Water Reactors
The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Japan and Plutonium
Radioactive Wastes
Monuments for the Future
Decommissioning
Radioactive Releases
Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Nuclear Safety
Alternate Reactor Designs
Nuclear Proliferation
Post Cold-War Proliferation
Environmental and Economic Summary of Nuclear Power
Summary
Special Topic: Radiation Detection Instruments
15. EFFECTS AND USES OF RADIATION
Introduction
Radiation Dose
Biological Effects of Radiation
America's Nuclear Secrets: "Was It Justified?" Background Radiation, Including Radon
Radiation Standards
Medical and Industrial Uses of Radiation
Food Irradiation
Radiation Protection
Summary
16. FUTURE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES: FUSION
Potential for Fusion Power
Energy from the Stars: The Fusion Process
Conditions for Fusion
Magnetic Confinement Fusion Reactors
Laser-Induced Fusion
Cold Fusion
The Outlook for Fusion
Summary
17. BIOMASS: FROM PLANTS TO GARBAGE
Introduction
Municipal Solid Waste
Biomass Conversion
Brazil's Ethanol Program
Wood Combustion
Energy Plantations
Food, Fuel, Famine
Summary
18. TAPPING THE EARTH'S HEAT: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Introduction
Origin and Nature of Geothermal Energy
Hydrothermal Systems
Geothermal Exploration and Resources
Low Temperature Geothermal Resources
Environmental Impacts
Summary
19. A NATIONAL AND PERSONAL COMMITMENT
Appendixes
Glossary
Index

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