Rent 9780470121696 | EM Detection of Concealed Targets

Summary Table of Contents Author Biography

The latest EM techniques for detecting concealed targets, whether explosives, weapons, or peopleExtensively illustrated from basic principles to system design, the fundamental concepts of RF, microwave, millimeter wave, and terahertz detection systems and techniques to find concealed targets are explained in this publication. These concealed targets may be explosive devices or weapons, which can be buried in the ground, concealed in building structures, hidden under clothing, or inside luggage. Concealed targets may also be people who are stowa... MOREways or victims of an avalanche or earthquake.Although much information is available in conference proceedings and professional society publications, this book brings all the relevant information in a single, expertly written and organized volume.Readers gain an understanding of the physics underlying electromagnetic (EM) detection methods, as well as the factors that affect the performance of EM detection equipment, helping them choose the right type of equipment and techniques to meet the demands of particular tasks. Among the topics covered are:Ultra-wideband radar and ground-penetrating radarMillimeter, sub-millimeter, and terahertz systemsRadar systems including Doppler, harmonic, impulse, FMCW, and holographicRadiometric systemsNuclear quadrupole resonance systemsAuthor David Daniels has many years of experience designing and deploying EM systems to detect concealed targets. As a result, this publication is essential for scientists and engineers who are developing or using EM equipment and techniques for a diverse range of purposes, including homeland security, crime prevention, or the detection of persons.

Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical EngineeringKai Chang, Series EditorEM Detection of Concealed TargetsDavid J. DanielsThe latest EM techniquesfor detecting concealed targets, whether explosives, weapons, or peopleExtensively illustrated from basic principles to system design, the fundamental concepts of RF, microwave, millimeter wave, and terahertz detection systems and techniques to find concealed targets are explained in this publication. These concealed targets may be explosive devices or weapons, which can be buried in the ground, concealed in building structures, hidden under clothing, or inside luggage. Concealed targets may also be people who are stowaways or victims of an avalanche or earthquake.Although much information is available in conference proceedings and professional society publications, this book brings all the relevant information in a single, expertly written and organized volume.Readers gain an understanding of the physics underlying electromagnetic (EM) detection methods, as well as the factors that affect the performance of EM detection equipment, helping them choose the right type of equipment and techniques to meet the demands of particular tasks. Among the topics covered are:Ultra-wideband radar and ground-penetrating radarMillimeter, sub-millimeter, and terahertz systemsRadar systems including Doppler, harmonic, impulse, FMCW, and holographicRadiometric systemsNuclear quadrupole resonance systemsAuthor David Daniels has many years of experience designing and deploying EM systems to detect concealed targets. As a result, this publication is essential for scientists and engineers who are developing or using EM equipment and techniques for a diverse range of purposes, including homeland security, crime prevention, or the detection of persons.

This book provides an introduction and reference to the methods of concealed target detection, which have significant application in the field of homeland security. Offers an up-to-date and comprehensive reference to the topic of concealed target detection. The book is accompanied by a CD.

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
List of Frequently used Acronyms	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Scope and Objectives	p. 1
Structure	p. 2
Market Needs for Security	p. 2
Targets inside Containers	p. 5
Buried Land Mines	p. 5
Forensic Detection of Buried Bodies	p. 6
Avalanche and Earthquak... MOREe Victims	p. 7
Concealed Humans	p. 7
Concealed Targets on Humans	p. 8
Radiological Considerations	p. 8
Licensing Considerations	p. 10
Statistics of the Detection Performance of a Sensor	p. 12
Summary	p. 19
Physics of Propagation	p. 20
Introduction	p. 20
Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields in Free Space	p. 21
Reactive Fields	p. 22
Near Fields	p. 23
Far Fields	p. 23
Polarization	p. 24
Radar Cross Section	p. 27
Reflection	p. 30
Refraction	p. 31
Brewster Angle	p. 31
Dispersion	p. 33
Anisotropy	p. 33
Clutter	p. 33
Propagation of Energy in a Dielectric	p. 35
Introduction	p. 35
Velocity in a Dielectric	p. 37
Impedance of a Dielectric	p. 38
Propagation Loss in a Dielectric	p. 39
Coupling Losses into Materials	p. 44
Dielectric Properties of Soils and Rocks	p. 45
Propagation in Water	p. 51
Atmospheric Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves	p. 53
Rain and Fog	p. 55
Dust, Smoke, and Sand Storms	p. 57
Attenuation of Electromagnetic Fields by Materials	p. 59
Human and Animal	p. 59
Heartbeat	p. 61
Respiration	p. 62
Clothing	p. 66
Construction Materials	p. 71
Explosives	p. 76
Summary	p. 82
Antennas	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
Antenna Parameters	p. 85
Antenna Directivity	p. 85
Antenna Cain	p. 86
Antenna Efficiency	p. 88
Side Lobes and Back Lobes	p. 88
Bandwidth	p. 88
Polarization-Linear, Elliptical, and Circular	p. 89
Antenna Phase Center	p. 89
Antenna Patterns	p. 90
Time Side Lobes and Ring-down	p. 91
Antenna Footprint	p. 93
Aperture Antennas	p. 95
Antennas for Proximal Operation	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
Coupling Energy into the Ground or a Dielectric	p. 98
Linear Phase Antennas	p. 101
Dipoles	p. 101
Loaded Antennas	p. 103
BiConical Antennas	p. 106
Bow-Tie Antennas	p. 107
Dielectric Road Antennas	p. 108
TEM Horn Antennas	p. 109
Impulse Radiating Antennas	p. 115
Nonlinear Phase Antennas	p. 117
Vivaldi Antennas	p. 118
Equiangular Antennas	p. 119
Horn Antennas	p. 120
Antenna Arrays	p. 121
Summary	p. 126
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance	p. 128
Introduction	p. 128
Pulse Sequences	p. 131
System Design	p. 138
Introduction	p. 138
Transmit-and-Receive Coils	p. 139
Receiver and Coil Considerations	p. 143
Signal Processing	p. 144
Detection of Explosives	p. 148
Land-Mine Detection	p. 152
Illicit Drugs	p. 156
Cocaine	p. 157
Cocaine Hydrochloride	p. 157
Heroin (Diamorphine)	p. 158
Summary	p. 162
Radar Systems	p. 164
Introduction	p. 164
Doppler Radar Systems	p. 164
Frequency-Domain Radars	p. 169
Introduction	p. 169
Two-Frequency Doppler Radar	p. 170
Stepped Frequency Radar Systems	p. 170
Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Radar	p. 177
Harmonic Radar	p. 188
Noise Radar	p. 194
Spatial Modulation	p. 198
Amplitude Modulation	p. 202
Summary	p. 213
Passive Systems	p. 214
Introduction	p. 214
Principles of Radiometry	p. 215
Total Power Radiometer	p. 218
Dicke Radiometer	p. 219
Minimum Detectable Temperature	p. 220
Temperature Resolution	p. 221
Imaging Systems	p. 226
Summary	p. 227
Applications and Technology	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
Physiological Monitoring	p. 229
Earthquake and Avalanche Radar Systems	p. 231
Forensic Applications	p. 233
Through-Wall Radar (TWR) for Surveillance	p. 234
Harmonic Radar Systems	p. 240
Land-Mine Detection Radar Systems	p. 240
Handheld Land-Mine Detection Radar Systems	p. 240
Vehicle-Mounted Land-Mine Detection Radar Systems	p. 243
Radar for General Search Operations	p. 246
Spatially Modulated Systems	p. 248
Millimeter-Wave Radar Systems	p. 248
Summary	p. 253
Summary	p. 254
References	p. 260
Index	p. 279
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

David J. Daniels, BSc, MSc, CEng, FIET, SMIEE, is the Chief, Consultant for Sensors at Cobham Technical Services (formerly known as ERA Technology). David has more than thirty years of experience in the development of radar, acoustic, and electromagnetic systems as well as products for security, sensing, and test applications for the military and commercial enterprises. He has brought such products to market as acoustic detection systems, fiber optic cryogenic liquid leak sensors, marine radar rescue transponders, ultra-wideband microwave amplifiers, ground-penetrating radar land-mine detectors and RF and microwave security systems. His current interests center on sensor systems for land-mine detection, homeland security, and military counterterrorist activities.

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