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Elementary Statistics : A Step by Step Approach W/MathZone

by: Bluman, Allan G.

Elementary Statistics : A Step by Step Approach W/MathZone

by: Bluman, Allan G.

ISBN 13:
9780073251639
ISBN 10:
0073251631
Edition: 6th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/07/2005
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math
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Summary

ELEMENTARY STATISTICS: A STEP BY STEP APPROACHis for general beginning statistics courses with a basic algebra prerequisite. The book is non-theoretical, explaining concepts intuitively and teaching problem solving through worked examples and step-by-step instructions. This edition places more emphasis on conceptual understanding and understanding results. This edition also features increased emphasis on Excel, MINITAB, and the TI-83 Plus and TI 84-Plus graphing calculators, computing technologies commonly used in such courses.

Preface

The Nature of Probability and Statistics

(32)

Introduction

(1)

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

(3)

Variables and Types of Data

(3)

Data Collection and Sampling Techniques

(4)

Random Sampling

(2)

Systematic Sampling

(1)

Stratified Sampling

(1)

Cluster Sampling

(1)

Other Sampling Methods

(1)

Observational and Experimental Studies

(3)

Uses and Misuses of Statistics

(3)

Suspect Samples

(1)

Ambiguous Averages

(1)

Changing the Subject

(1)

Detached Statistics

(1)

Implied Connections

(1)

Misleading Graphs

(1)

Faulty Survey Questions

(1)

Computers and Calculators

(5)

Summary

(9)

Frequency Distributions and Graphs

(62)

Introduction

(1)

Organizing Data

(13)

Categorical Frequency Distributions

(1)

Grouped Frequency Distributions

(11)

Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives

(15)

The Histogram

(2)

The Frequency Polygon

(1)

The Ogive

(2)

Relative Frequency Graphs

(2)

Distribution Shapes

(8)

Other Types of Graphs

(23)

Pareto Charts

(1)

The Time Series Graph

(1)

The Pie Graph

(4)

Misleading Graphs

(3)

Stem and Leaf Plots

(13)

Summary

(9)

Data Description

(76)

Introduction

(1)

Measures of Central Tendency

(18)

The Mean

(3)

The Median

101

(2)

The Mode

103

(2)

The Midrange

105

(1)

The Weighted Mean

106

(2)

Distribution Shapes

108

(7)

Measures of Variation

115

(18)

Range

116

(1)

Population Variance and Standard Deviation

117

(2)

Sample Variance and Standard Deviation

119

(2)

Variance and Standard Deviation for Grouped Data

121

(3)

Coefficient of Variation

124

(1)

Range Rule of Thumb

125

(1)

Chebyshev's Theorem

125

(2)

The Empirical (Normal) Rule

127

(6)

Measures of Position

133

(19)

Standard Scores

133

(2)

Percentiles

135

(6)

Quartiles and Deciles

141

(1)

Outliers

142

(10)

Exploratory Data Analysis

152

(9)

The Five-Number Summary and Boxplots

153

(8)

Summary

161

(10)

Probability and Counting Rules

171

(66)

Introduction

172

(1)

Sample Spaces and Probability

173

(16)

Basic Concepts

173

(3)

Classical Probability

176

(3)

Complementary Events

179

(2)

Empirical Probability

181

(2)

Law of Large Numbers

183

(1)

Subjective Probability

183

(1)

Probability and Risk Taking

184

(5)

The Addition Rules for Probability

189

(10)

The Multiplication Rules and Conditional Probability

199

(13)

The Multiplication Rules

199

(5)

Conditional Probability

204

(3)

Probabilities for ``At Least''

207

(5)

Counting Rules

212

(11)

The Fundamental Counting Rule

212

(3)

Factorial Notation

215

(1)

Permutations

215

(2)

Combinations

217

(6)

Probability and Counting Rules

223

(4)

Summary

227

(10)

Discrete Probability Distributions

237

(48)

Introduction

238

(1)

Probability Distributions

239

(6)

Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Expectation

245

(11)

Mean

245

(3)

Variance and Standard Deviation

248

(2)

Expectation

250

(6)

The Binomial Distribution

256

(13)

Other Types of Distributions (Optional)

269

(9)

The Multinomial Distribution

269

(1)

The Poisson Distribution

270

(2)

The Hypergeometric Distribution

272

(6)

Summary

278

(7)

The Normal Distribution

285

(62)

Introduction

286

(2)

Properties of a Normal Distribution

288

(2)

The Standard Normal Distribution

290

(17)

Finding Areas Under the Standard Normal Distribution Curve

291

(8)

A Normal Distribution Curve as a Probability Distribution Curve

299

(8)

Applications of the Normal Distribution

307

(15)

Finding Data Values Given Specific Probabilities

311

(2)

Determining Normality

313

(9)

The Central Limit Theorem

322

(9)

Distribution of Sample Means

322

(6)

Finite Population Correction Factor (Optional)

328

(3)

The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution

331

(7)

Summary

338

(9)

Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

347

(44)

Introduction

348

(1)

Confidence Intervals for the Mean (σ Known or n ≥ 30) and Sample Size

349

(13)

Confidence Intervals

350

(5)

Sample Size

355

(7)

Confidence Intervals for the Mean (σ Unknown and n < 30)

362

(7)

Confidence Intervals and Sample Size for Proportions

369

(8)

Confidence Intervals

370

(1)

Sample Size for Proportions

371

(6)

Confidence Intervals for Variances and Standard Deviations

377

(7)

Summary

384

(7)

Hypothesis Testing

391

(72)

Introduction

392

(1)

Steps in Hypothesis Testing--Traditional Method

393

(12)

z Test for a Mean

405

(14)

P-Value Method for Hypothesis Testing

410

(9)

t Test for a Mean

419

(10)

z Test for a Proportion

429

(8)

Χ2 Test for a Variance or Standard Deviation

437

(12)

Additional Topics Regarding Hypothesis Testing

449

(4)

Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Testing

449

(2)

Type II Error and the Power of a Test

451

(2)

Summary

453

(10)

Testing the Difference Between Two Means, Two Variances, and Two Proportions

463

(64)

Introduction

464

(1)

Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Large Samples

465

(12)

Testing the Difference Between Two Variances

477

(10)

Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Small Independent Samples

487

(10)

Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Small Dependent Samples

497

(12)

Testing the Difference Between Proportions

509

(8)

Summary

517

(10)

Hypothesis-Testing Summary 1

525

(2)

Correlation and Regression

527

(56)

Introduction

528

(1)

Scatter Plots

529

(4)

Correlation

533

(11)

Correlation Coefficient

533

(3)

The Significance of the Correlation Coefficient

536

(4)

Correlation and Causation

540

(4)

Regression

544

(14)

Line of Best Fit

545

(1)

Determination of the Regression Line Equation

545

(13)

Coefficient of Determination and Standard Error of the Estimate

558

(8)

Types of Variation for the Regression Model

558

(3)

Coefficient of Determination

561

(1)

Standard Error of the Estimate

561

(2)

Prediction Interval

563

(3)

Multiple Regression (Optional)

566

(9)

The Multiple Regression Equation

568

(2)

Testing the Significance of R

570

(1)

Adjusted R2

571

(4)

Summary

575

(8)

Other Chi-Square Tests

583

(36)

Introduction

584

(1)

Test for Goodness of Fit

585

(12)

Test of Normality (Optional)

590

(7)

Tests Using Contingency Tables

597

(15)

Test for Independence

597

(6)

Test for Homogeneity of Proportions

603

(9)

Summary

612

(7)

Analysis of Variance

619

(40)

Introduction

620

(1)

One-Way Analysis of Variance

621

(8)

The Scheffe Test and the Tukey Test

629

(7)

Scheffe Test

630

(1)

Tukey Test

631

(5)

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

636

(14)

Summary

650

(9)

Hypothesis-Testing Summary 2

657

(2)

Nonparametric Statistics

659

(48)

Introduction

660

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonparametric Methods

661

(2)

Advantages

661

(1)

Disadvantages

661

(1)

Ranking

662

(1)

The Sign Test

663

(8)

Single-Sample Sign Test

663

(3)

Paired-Sample Sign Test

666

(5)

The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test

671

(5)

The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

676

(5)

The Kruskal-Wallis Test

681

(6)

The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient and the Runs Test

687

(11)

Rank Correlation Coefficient

687

(3)

The Runs Test

690

(8)

Summary

698

(9)

Hypothesis-Testing Summary 3

704

(3)

Sampling and Simulation

707

(32)

Introduction

708

(1)

Common Sampling Techniques

709

(14)

Random Sampling

709

(4)

Systematic Sampling

713

(1)

Stratified Sampling

714

(2)

Cluster Sampling

716

(1)

Other Types of Sampling Techniques

717

(6)

Surveys and Questionnaire Design

723

(3)

Simulation Techniques

726

(1)

The Monte Carlo Method

726

(6)

Summary

732

(7)

Appendix A Algebra Review

739

(6)

Appendix B-1 Writing the Research Report

745

(2)

Appendix B-2 Bayes' Theorem

747

(4)

Appendix B-3 Alternate Approach to the Standard Normal Distribution

751

(4)

Appendix C Tables

755

(30)

Appendix D Data Bank

785

(8)

Appendix E Glossary

793

(8)

Appendix F Bibliography

801

(2)

Appendix G Photo Credits

803

Appendix H Selected Answers

(1)

Index

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Elementary Statistics : A Step by Step Approach W/MathZone

Elementary Statistics : A Step by Step Approach W/MathZone

9780073251639

0073251631

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Elementary Statistics : A Step by Step Approach W/MathZone

Elementary Statistics : A Step by Step Approach W/MathZone

9780073251639

0073251631

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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