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Drugs Across the Spectrum

ISBN: 9780534580872 | 0534580874
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Brooks Cole
Pub. Date: 7/9/2002

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SummaryTable of Contents
Considered the most comprehensive drug text on the market, Goldberg's four-color text encourages readers to examine the motivation for drug use, social implications of drug use, legal ramifications, and factors affecting how drugs interact with the human body. It provides a look at the history and culture surroundings of drug use and abuse, key information regarding specific types of drugs, and a review of drug treatment, education, and prevention approaches and programs.
Part I An Overall Perspective
Drugs in Perspective
3(18)
Definitions
4(1)
Drug Mis... MORE
4(1)
Drug Abuse
5(1)
An Historical Perspective of Drug Use
5(11)
Alcohol
5(2)
Marijuana
7(1)
Narcotics
8(2)
Coffee
10(1)
Cocaine
11(1)
Amphetamines
12(1)
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
12(1)
Hallucinogens
13(1)
Tobacco
14(2)
Summary
16(5)
Drugs in Contemporary Society
21(32)
The Prevalence of Drug Use
22(1)
The Impact of Drug Use and Abuse
22(3)
Drugs from a Social Perspective
25(5)
Patterns of Drug Taking
25(2)
Extent of Drug Use
27(3)
Drug Abuse by Older Adults
30(1)
Drugs in the Workplace
30(6)
Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)
31(1)
Drug Testing
31(5)
Consequences of Drug Use
36(1)
Drugs and the Family
36(1)
Drugs and Deviant Behavior
37(1)
Drugs, Education, and Employment
37(1)
Drug Toxicity
38(1)
Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)
39(2)
Designer Drugs
41(2)
Fentanyl
41(1)
Meperidine
41(1)
MDMA (Ecstasy)
41(2)
Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Drugs
43(1)
The Drug Business
43(2)
Summary
45(8)
Motivations for Drug Use
53(24)
Reasons for Drug Use
53(4)
Experimentation
54(1)
Pleasure/Escape from Boredom
54(1)
Peer Influence
54(1)
Spiritual Purposes
55(1)
Self-Discovery
56(1)
Social Interaction
56(1)
Rebelliousness
56(1)
Drug Dependency Versus Drug Addiction
57(1)
Theories of Drug Addiction
58(3)
Personality Theories
58(1)
Reinforcement Theory
59(1)
Biological Theories
60(1)
Social Theories
61(1)
Mass Media and Drugs
61(3)
Advertisements
61(2)
Billboards
63(1)
Television
63(1)
Music
63(1)
Celebrities
64(1)
Ergogenic Aids
64(5)
Anabolic Steroids
65(1)
Human Growth Hormones and Erythropoietin
66(1)
Creatine
66(1)
Androstenedione
67(1)
Stimulants
67(1)
Depressants
67(1)
Sexual Performance
68(1)
Summary
69(8)
Drugs and the Law
77(22)
Whiskey Rebellion
77(1)
Significant Laws
78(5)
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
78(1)
Harrison Act of 1914
79(1)
Marijuana Tax Act of 1937
80(1)
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
81(1)
Kefauver-Harris Amendments
81(1)
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970
82(1)
Anti-Drug Abuse Act
83(1)
Legal Issues
83(10)
Drug Paraphernalia
85(1)
The War on Drugs
85(1)
Legalization
85(2)
Drug Enforcement
87(3)
Prevention
90(1)
Racism and Drug Enforcement
91(2)
Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentencing
93(1)
Summary
93(6)
The Pharmacology and Physiology of Drug Use
99(22)
Pharmacology
99(1)
Drug Actions
100(1)
The Neuron
100(1)
Neurotransmitters
101(3)
Acetylcholine
102(1)
Serotonin
102(1)
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
102(1)
Catecholamines
103(1)
Peptides
104(1)
The Central Nervous System (CNS)
104(3)
Reticular Activating System
104(1)
Hypothalamus
105(1)
Cerebral Cortex
105(1)
Limbic System
106(1)
Medial Forebrain Bundle
106(1)
Basal Ganglia
106(1)
Periventricular System
106(1)
Brain Stem
106(1)
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
107(1)
Somatic Nervous System
107(1)
Autonomic Nervous System
107(1)
Drugs and Major Body Systems
108(2)
Endocrine System
108(1)
Cardiovascular System
108(1)
Respiratory System
109(1)
Gastrointestinal System
109(1)
Factors Influencing the Effects of Drugs
110(4)
Age
110(1)
Gender
110(1)
Dosage
111(1)
Purity and Potency
111(1)
Drug Interactions
112(1)
Tolerance
113(1)
Set and Setting
114(1)
Methods of Administration
114(2)
Oral Ingestion
114(1)
Injection
115(1)
Topical Application
116(1)
Inhalation
116(1)
Summary
116(5)
Part II Categories of Drugs121(170)
Alcohol
123(26)
History of Alcohol Use in the United States
124(5)
Colonial Times
124(1)
Temperance Movement
124(2)
Prohibition
126(1)
Current Alcohol Use
127(2)
Alcoholic Beverages
129(1)
Pharmacology of Alcohol
130(1)
Facts of Alcohol
131(4)
Alcohol and the Brain
131(1)
Alcohol and the Liver
132(1)
Alcohol and the Gastrointestinal Tract
133(1)
Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System
133(1)
Alcohol and the Immune System
134(1)
Alcohol and Cancer
134(1)
Alcohol and Women
134(1)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
134(1)
Alcohol-Related Issues
135(3)
Underage Drinking
135(1)
Problem Drinking
136(1)
Alcoholism
136(1)
Withdrawal
137(1)
Causes of Alcoholism
138(1)
Genetics
138(1)
Psychosocial Factors
138(1)
Culture
139(1)
Alcohol and Society
139(3)
Automobile Accidents
139(2)
Accidents
141(1)
Suicide
141(1)
Family Violence
141(1)
Children of Alcoholics
141(1)
Summary
142(7)
Narcotics
149(20)
Extent of Narcotic Use
150(3)
Use in the United States
151(1)
Worldwide Comparison
152(1)
Characteristics of Narcotics
153(2)
Opium
153(1)
Morphine
153(1)
Heroin
154(1)
Synthetic Opiates
154(1)
OxyContin
155(1)
Physical and Psychological Effects
155(2)
Physical Effects
156(1)
Emotional and Social Effects
157(1)
Needle-Exchange Programs (NEPs)
157(1)
Dependency
158(1)
Toxicity
159(1)
Medical Benefits
159(1)
Analgesia
159(1)
Gastrointestinal Difficulties
159(1)
Cough Suppressant
160(1)
Treatment and Support Groups
160(2)
Detoxification
160(1)
Narcotic Antagonists
160(1)
Methadone and Other Treatments
161(1)
Narcotics Anonymous
162(1)
Summary
162(7)
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
169(14)
Barbiturates
169(3)
Types of Barbiturates
170(1)
Effects of Barbiturates
170(1)
Potential Hazards
170(1)
Medical Uses
171(1)
Nonbarbiturate Sedatives
172(1)
Chloral Hydrate
172(1)
Paraldehyde
172(1)
Bromides
172(1)
Meprobamate
172(1)
Methaqualone
173(1)
Misconceptions
173(1)
Effects
173(1)
Minor Tranquilizers
173(3)
Benzodiazepines
174(1)
``Date Rape'' Drugs
175(1)
Inhalants
176(2)
Glue and Other Solvents
176(1)
Anesthetic Inhalants
177(1)
Nitrite Inhalants
178(1)
Summary
178(5)
Psychotherapeutic Drugs
183(12)
Understanding Mental Illness
183(2)
Mental Illness and Medicine
183(1)
Types of Disorders
184(1)
Treatment of Mental Illness Prior to 1950
185(1)
Demographics of Drugs and Mental Disorders
185(1)
Antidepressants
185(4)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
186(1)
Tricyclic Antidepressants
187(1)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
188(1)
Lithium
189(1)
Effectiveness
189(1)
Side Effects
189(1)
Toxicity
190(1)
Antipsychotic Drugs
190(2)
Effectiveness
191(1)
Side Effects
191(1)
Summary
192(3)
Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines, and Caffeine
195(22)
Cocaine
195(8)
Background
195(1)
Properties
196(1)
Mode of Intake
196(1)
Historical Use
196(2)
Crack
198(1)
Cocaine and the Media
199(1)
Effects
200(1)
Dependence
201(1)
Death from Cocaine
202(1)
Cocaine and Pregnancy
202(1)
Amphetamines
203(5)
Early Applications
203(1)
Pharmacology
203(1)
The Amphetamine Trade
203(1)
Consequences of Amphetamine Use
204(1)
Methamphetamines
205(2)
Methcathinone
207(1)
Ritalin
207(1)
Caffeine
208(3)
Pharmacology
208(1)
Properties and Risks
209(1)
Effects of Caffeine
209(1)
Decaffeinated Coffee
210(1)
Caffeinism
210(1)
Summary
211(6)
Tobacco
217(26)
History of Tobacco Use
218(1)
Tobacco in the U.S. Colonies
218(1)
Mechanization and Marketing
218(1)
Opposition and Escalation
219(1)
Costs of Smoking
219(1)
Extent of Tobacco Use
219(4)
Demographics of Smoking
219(1)
Women and Smoking
220(1)
Smokeless Tobacco
220(1)
Tobacco Use in Other Countries
221(1)
Clove Cigarettes and Bidis
222(1)
Cigars
222(1)
Characteristics of Smoking and Smokers
223(3)
Nicotine and Performance
223(1)
Tobacco Use by Young People
223(2)
Nicotine Tolerance and Dependence
225(1)
Symptoms of Withdrawal
226(1)
Pharmacology of Tobacco
226(1)
Physical Effects on the Individual
226(3)
Heart Disease and Strokes
227(1)
Respiratory Diseases
228(1)
Cancer
228(1)
Tobacco and Pregnancy
228(1)
Tobacco and Physical Activity
229(1)
Passive Smoke
229(1)
Effects on Nonsmokers
230(1)
Effects on Children of Smokers
230(1)
Rights of Smokers Versus Nonsmokers
230(2)
Anti-Smoking Legislation
230(2)
The Tobacco Settlement
232(1)
Cessation Techniques
232(2)
Nicotine Gum
233(1)
Nicotine Patches
233(1)
Nicotine Inhalers
233(1)
Drug Therapy
233(1)
Aversive Techniques
234(1)
Behavior Modification
234(1)
Hypnosis
234(1)
Acupuncture
234(1)
Summary
234(9)
Marijuana
243(18)
Characteristics
244(1)
Species of Marijuana
244(2)
Points of Origin
245(1)
Extent of Use
245(1)
Pharmacology of Marijuana
246(2)
Absorption
246(1)
Tolerance
247(1)
Physical Dependence
247(1)
Psychological Dependence
247(1)
Effects of Marijuana Use
248(3)
Psychological Effects
248(1)
Perceptual Effects
249(1)
Cognitive Effects
249(1)
Amotivational Syndrome
249(1)
Physical Effects
250(1)
Medical Applications
251(1)
Glaucoma
251(1)
Nausea and Vomiting
251(1)
Asthma
252(1)
Additional Medical Uses
252(1)
Decriminalization and Legalization
252(3)
Medical Uses of Marijuana
253(1)
Cost
254(1)
Crime and Violence
254(1)
Summary
255(6)
Hallucinogens
261(16)
Terminology
261(1)
The Origin of Hallucinogens
262(1)
The Search for Hallucinogens
262(1)
Amanita Muscaria
262(1)
Saint Anthony's Fire
262(1)
The U.S. Experience
263(2)
LSD and Mental Health
263(1)
LSD and Creativity
263(1)
LSD and Government Experiments
264(1)
LSD and the U S. Culture
264(1)
Review of Major Hallucinogens
265(4)
LSD
265(2)
Peyote
267(1)
Psilocybin
268(1)
Anticholinergic Hallucinogens
269(3)
Belladonna
269(1)
Datura
269(1)
Mandrake
269(1)
Nutmeg and Mace
270(1)
DMT (Dimethyltryptamine)
270(1)
PCP (Phencyclidine)
270(2)
Ketamine
272
Summary
262(15)
Over the-Counter Drugs
277(14)
Over-the-Counter Drug Market
277(1)
Regulating Over-the-Counter Drugs
278(1)
Categories of Over-the-Counter Drugs
278(1)
Herbal Drugs
278(1)
Analgesics
278(4)
Aspirin
279(2)
Acetaminophen
281(1)
Ibuprofen
281(1)
Naproxen Sodium and Ketoprofen
282(1)
Cold and Allergy Drugs
282(2)
Antihistamines
283(1)
Cough Medicines
283(1)
Decongestants
284(1)
Antacids
284(1)
Sodium Bicarbonate
284(1)
Calcium Carbonate
284(1)
Salts of Magnesium and Aluminum
284(1)
Sleep Aids and Sedatives
285(1)
OTC Stimulants
285(1)
Weight-Loss Aids
285(1)
Starch Blockers
286(1)
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
286(1)
Benzocaine
286(1)
Being a Smart Consumer
286(1)
Summary
287(4)
Part III Treatment and Prevention291(39)
Substance Abuse Treatment
293(20)
Underlying Causes of Drug Abuse
293(1)
Benefits of Treatment
294(1)
Profile of the Drug Abuser
295(1)
History of Treatment
295(1)
Treatment Issues
296(2)
Voluntary Versus Compulsory Treatment
297(1)
Matching Patients and Treatments
297(1)
Treating Adolescent Drug Abusers
297(1)
Women and Treatment
297(1)
Problems Associated with Treatment
298(2)
Client Resistance to Treatment
298(1)
Community Resistance
298(1)
Continuing Drug Use
298(1)
Relapse
299(1)
Personnel Recruitment and Retention
299(1)
Treatment Programs
300(3)
Methadone Maintenance
300(1)
Therapeutic Communities
301(1)
Outpatient Treatment
302(1)
Inpatient Treatment
302(1)
Self-Help Groups
302(1)
Alcohol Treatment
303(4)
Alcoholics Anonymous
304(1)
Moderate Drinking
305(1)
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
306(1)
Naltrexone
306(1)
Summary
307(6)
Drug Prevention and Education
313(17)
Funding Drug Prevention
314(1)
Changes in Drug Prevention
314(1)
Drug Prevention in Retrospect
314(1)
Effectiveness of Prevention Programs
314(1)
Goals of Drug Prevention
315(1)
Levels of Drug Prevention
315(1)
Primary Prevention
316(1)
Secondary Prevention
316(1)
Tertiary Prevention
316(1)
Identifying High-Risk Youths
316(3)
Resilient Children
317(1)
At-Risk Factors
317(2)
Preventing High-Risk Behavior
319(1)
Education
319(1)
Role of Parents
319(1)
Community Efforts
319(1)
Drug Education
320(2)
The Evolution in Drug Education
320(1)
Limitations of Drug Education
321(1)
Goals of Drug Education
321(1)
One-Size-Fits-All Drug Education
322(1)
Current Approaches to Drug Education
322(2)
Personal and Social Skills Training
322(1)
Resistance Skills Training
322(1)
Drug Prevention Programs
323(1)
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
323(1)
Just Say No!
324(1)
Effectiveness of Drug Education
324(1)
Health Education
324(1)
Peer Programs
324(1)
Summary
325(5)
Bibliography330(1)
Answers to True/False Questions331(1)
Glossary332(7)
Index339

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