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Digital Signal Processing A Practical Approach

by: Ifeachor, Emmanuel; Jervis, Barrie

Digital Signal Processing A Practical Approach

by: Ifeachor, Emmanuel; Jervis, Barrie

ISBN 13:
9780201596199
ISBN 10:
0201596199
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 09/27/2001
Publisher: Prentice Hall

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Summary

This book clearly explains digital signal processing principles and shows how they can be used to build DSP systems. The aim is to give enough insight and practical guidance to enable an engineer to construct DSP systems. The book's programs are written in C, the language used in DSP.

Preface

Introduction

(36)

Digital signal processing and its benefits

(2)

Application areas

(2)

Key DSP operations

(8)

Convolution

(2)

Correlation

(2)

Digital filtering

(2)

Discrete transformation

(1)

Modulation

(2)

Digital signal processors

(1)

Overview of real-world applications of DSP

(2)

Audio applications of DSP

(8)

Digital audio mixing

(1)

Speech synthesis and recognition

(3)

The compact disc digital audio system

(4)

Telecommunication applications of DSP

(6)

Digital cellular mobile telephony

(4)

Set-top box for digital television reception

(1)

Adaptive telephone echo cancellation

(1)

Biomedical applications of DSP

(6)

Fetal ECG monitoring

(3)

DSP-based closed loop controlled anaesthesia

(2)

Summary

(2)

Problems

(1)

References

(1)

Bibliography

(1)

Analog I/O interface for real-time DSP systems

(67)

Typical real-time DSP systems

(1)

Analog-to-digital conversion process

(1)

Sampling - lowpass and bandpass signals

(25)

Sampling lowpass signals

(16)

Sampling bandpass signals

(9)

Uniform and non-uniform quantization and encoding

(6)

Uniform quantization and encoding (linear pulse code modulation (PCM))

(2)

Non-uniform quantization and encoding (nonlinear PCM)

(3)

Oversampling in A/D conversion

(13)

Introduction

(1)

Oversampling and anti-aliasing filtering

(3)

Oversampling and ADC resolution

(4)

An application of oversampling - single-bit (oversampling) ADC

(6)

Digital-to-analog conversion process: signal recovery

(1)

The DAC

(2)

Anti-imaging filtering

(1)

Oversampling in D/A conversion

(4)

Oversampling D/A conversion in the CD player

(3)

Constraints of real-time signal processing with analog input/output signals

(1)

Application examples

(1)

Summary

(12)

Problems

(10)

References

102

(1)

Bibliography

102

(2)

Discrete transforms

104

(68)

Introduction

104

(7)

Fourier series

106

(3)

The Fourier transform

109

(2)

DFT and its inverse

111

(7)

Properties of the DFT

118

(2)

Computational complexity of the DFT

120

(1)

The decimation-in-time fast Fourier transform algorithm

121

(11)

The butterfly

127

(1)

Algorithmic development

128

(4)

Computational advantages of the FFT

132

(1)

Inverse fast Fourier transform

132

(1)

Implementation of the FFT

133

(2)

The decimation-in-frequency FFT

134

(1)

Comparison of DIT and DIF algorithms

134

(1)

Modifications for increased speed

134

(1)

Other discrete transforms

135

(16)

Discrete cosine transform

135

(1)

Walsh transform

136

(3)

Hadamard transform

139

(2)

Wavelet transform

141

(3)

Multiresolution analysis by the wavelet method

144

(3)

Signal representation by singularities: the wavelet transform method

147

(4)

An application of the DCT: image compression

151

(3)

The Discrete Cosine transform

152

(1)

2D DCT coefficient quantization

153

(1)

Coding

153

(1)

Worked examples

154

(18)

Problems

158

(2)

References

160

(1)

Appendices

161

(1)

C language program for direct DFT computation

161

(6)

C program for radix-2 decimation-in-time FFT

167

(3)

DFT and FFT with MATLAB

170

(1)

References for Appendices

171

(1)

The z-transform and its applications in signal processing

172

(70)

Discrete-time signals and systems

173

(1)

The z-transform

174

(5)

The inverse z-transform

179

(15)

Power series method

179

(3)

Partial fraction expansion method

182

(6)

Residue method

188

(6)

Comparison of the inverse z-transform methods

194

(1)

Properties of the z-transform

194

(3)

Some applications of the z-transform in signal processing

197

(21)

Pole-zero description of discrete-time systems

197

(3)

Frequency response estimation

200

(1)

Geometric evaluation of frequency response

201

(3)

Direct computer evaluation of frequency response

204

(1)

Frequency response estimation via FFT

205

(1)

Frequency units used in discrete-time systems

205

(3)

Stability considerations

208

(1)

Difference equations

209

(2)

Impulse response estimation

211

(2)

Applications in digital filter design

213

(1)

Realization structures for digital filters

213

(5)

Summary

218

(24)

Problems

218

(5)

References

223

(1)

Bibliography

223

(1)

Appendices

223

(1)

Recursive algorithm for the inverse z-transform

223

(2)

C program for evaluating the inverse z-transform and for cascade-to-parallel structure conversion

225

(6)

C program for estimating frequency response

231

(2)

z-transform operations with MATLAB

233

(8)

References for Appendices

241

(1)

Correlation and convolution

242

(75)

Introduction

242

(1)

Correlation description

243

(30)

Cross - and autocorrelation

249

(8)

Applications of correlation

257

(10)

Fast correlation

267

(6)

Convolution description

273

(28)

Properties of convolution

282

(1)

Circular convolution

283

(1)

System identification

283

(2)

Deconvolution

285

(1)

Blind deconvolution

286

(2)

Fast linear convolution

288

(1)

Computational advantages of fast linear convolution

289

(1)

Convolution and correlation by sectioning

290

(2)

Overlap-add method

292

(5)

Overlap-save method

297

(3)

Computational advantages of fast convolution by sectioning

300

(1)

The relationship between convolution and correlation

301

(1)

Implementation of correlation and convolution

301

(1)

Application examples

302

(8)

Correlation

302

(5)

Convolution

307

(3)

Summary

310

(7)

Problems

311

(4)

References

315

(1)

Appendix

316

(1)

C language program for computing cross- and autocorrelation

316

(1)

A framework for digital filter design

317

(25)

Introduction to digital filters

318

(1)

Types of digital filters: FIR and IIR filters

319

(2)

Choosing between FIR and IIR filters

321

(3)

Filter design steps

324

(10)

Specification of the filter requirements

324

(3)

Coefficient calculation

327

(1)

Representation of a filter by a suitable structure (realization)

328

(4)

Analysis of finite wordlength effects

332

(1)

Implementation of a filter

333

(1)

Illustrative examples

334

(5)

Summary

339

(3)

Problems

339

(2)

Reference

341

(1)

Bibliography

341

(1)

Finite impulse response (FIR) filter design

342

(112)

Introduction

343

(6)

Summary of key characteristic features of FIR filters

343

(1)

Linear phase response and its implications

344

(3)

Types of linear phase FIR filters

347

(2)

FIR filter design

349

(1)

FIR filter specifications

350

(1)

FIR coefficient calculation methods

351

(1)

Window method

352

(15)

Some common window functions

354

(4)

Summary of the window method of calculating FIR filter coefficients

358

(8)

Advantages and disadvantages of the window method

366

(1)

The optimal method

367

(13)

Basic concepts

367

(3)

Parameters required to use the optimal program

370

(1)

Relationships for estimating filter length, N

371

(1)

Summary of procedure for calculating filter coefficients by the optimal method

372

(1)

Illustrative examples

373

(7)

Frequency sampling method

380

(18)

Nonrecursive frequency sampling filters

380

(9)

Recursive frequency sampling filters

389

(1)

Frequency sampling filters with simple coefficients

390

(8)

Summary of the frequency sampling method

398

(1)

Comparison of the window, optimum and frequency sampling methods

398

(4)

Special FIR filter design topics

402

(5)

Half-band FIR filters

402

(2)

Frequency transformation

404

(2)

Computationally efficient FIR filters

406

(1)

Realization structures for FIR filters

407

(4)

Transversal structure

407

(1)

Linear phase structure

408

(2)

Other structures

410

(1)

Choosing between structures

410

(1)

Finite wordlength effects in FIR digital filters

411

(9)

Coefficient quantization errors

412

(7)

Roundoff errors

419

(1)

Overflow errors

419

(1)

FIR implementation techniques

420

(2)

Design example

422

(3)

Summary

425

(1)

Application examples of FIR filters

425

(29)

Problems

426

(9)

References

435

(1)

Bibliography

436

(1)

Appendices

437

(1)

C programs for FIR filter design

437

(3)

FIR filter design with MATLAB

440

(14)

Design of infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filters

454

(125)

Introduction: summary of the basic features of IIR filters

455

(1)

Design stages for digital IIR filters

456

(1)

Performance specification

457

(2)

Coefficient calculation methods for IIR filters

459

(1)

Pole-zero placement method of coefficient calculation

459

(4)

Basic concepts and illustrative design examples

459

(4)

Impulse invariant method of coefficient calculation

463

(5)

Basic concepts and illustrative design examples

463

(3)

Summary of the impulse invariant method

466

(1)

Remarks on the impulse invariant method

466

(2)

Matched z-transform (MZT) method of coefficient calculation

468

(3)

Basic concepts and illustrative design examples

468

(2)

Summary of the matched z-transform method

470

(1)

Remarks on the matched z-transform method

471

(1)

Bilinear z-transform (BZT) method of coefficient calculation

471

(11)

Basic concepts and illustrative design examples

471

(2)

Summary of the BZT method of coefficient calculation

473

(5)

Comments on the bilinear transformation method

478

(4)

Use of BZT and classical analog filters to design IIR filters

482

(18)

Characteristic features of classical analog filters

483

(2)

The BZT methodology using classical analog filters

485

(6)

Illustrative design examples (lowpass, highpass, bandpass and bandstop filters)

491

(9)

Calculating IIR filter coefficients by mapping s-plane poles and zeros

500

(8)

Basic concepts

500

(5)

Illustrative examples

505

(3)

Using IIR filter design programs

508

(1)

Choice of coefficient calculation methods for IIR filters

509

(8)

Nyquist effect

510

(7)

Realization structures for IIR digital filters

517

(7)

Practical building blocks for IIR filters

518

(2)

Cascade and parallel realization structures for higher-order IIR filters

520

(4)

Finite wordlength effects in IIR filters

524

(5)

Coefficient quantization errors

526

(3)

Implementation of IIR filters

529

(1)

A detailed design example of an IIR digital filter

530

(5)

Summary

535

(1)

Application examples in digital audio and instrumentation

536

(2)

Digital audio

536

(1)

Digital control

536

(1)

Digital frequency oscillators

536

(2)

Application examples in telecommunication

538

(41)

Touch-tone generation and reception for digital telephones

538

(2)

Digital telephony: dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) detection using the Goertzel algorithm

540

(6)

Clock recovery for data communication

546

(3)

Problems

549

(5)

References

554

(1)

Bibliography

555

(2)

Appendices

557

(1)

C programs for IIR digital filter design

557

(5)

IIR filter design with MATLAB

562

(15)

Evaluation of complex square roots using real arithmetic

577

(2)

Multirate digital signal processing

579

(66)

Introduction

579

(2)

Some current uses of multirate processing in industry

580

(1)

Concepts of multirate signal processing

581

(9)

Sampling rate reduction: decimation by integer factors

582

(2)

Sampling rate increase: interpolation by integer factors

584

(2)

Sampling rate conversion by non-integer factors

586

(3)

Multistage approach to sampling rate conversion

589

(1)

Design of practical sampling rate converters

590

(11)

Filter specification

590

(1)

Filter requirements for individual stages

591

(1)

Determining the number of stages and decimation factors

592

(2)

Illustrative design examples

594

(7)

Software implementation of sampling rate converters-decimators

601

(5)

Program for multistage decimation

602

(2)

Test example for the decimation program

604

(2)

Software implementation of interpolators

606

(6)

Program for multistage interpolation

610

(1)

Test example

610

(2)

Sample rate conversion using polyphase filter structure

612

(5)

Polyphase implementation of interpolators

612

(5)

Application examples

617

(15)

High quality analog-to-digital conversion for digital audio

618

(1)

Efficient digital-to-analog conversion in compact hi-fi systems

618

(2)

Application in the acquisition of high quality data

620

(6)

Multirate narrowband digital filtering

626

(5)

High resolution narrowband spectral analysis

631

(1)

Summary

632

(13)

Problems

633

(4)

References

637

(1)

Bibliography

638

(1)

Appendices

639

(1)

C programs for multirate processing and systems design

639

(1)

Multirate digital signal processing with MATLAB

640

(5)

Adaptive digital filters

645

(36)

When to use adaptive filters and where they have been used

646

(1)

Concepts of adaptive filtering

647

(4)

Adaptive filters as a noise canceller

647

(1)

Other configurations of the adaptive filter

648

(1)

Main components of the adaptive filter

648

(1)

Adaptive algorithms

648

(3)

Basic Wiener filter theory

651

(3)

The basic LMS adaptive algorithm

654

(8)

Implementation of the basic LMS algorithm

655

(3)

Practical limitations of the basic LMS algorithm

658

(3)

Other LMS-based algorithms

661

(1)

Recursive least squares algorithm

662

(4)

Recursive least squares algorithm

663

(1)

Limitations of the recursive least squares algorithm

664

(1)

Factorization algorithms

665

(1)

Application example 1 - adaptive filtering of ocular artefacts from the human EEG

666

(2)

The physiological problem

666

(1)

Artefact processing algorithm

667

(1)

Real-time implementation

668

(1)

Application example 2 - adaptive telephone echo cancellation

668

(2)

Other applications

670

(11)

Loudspeaking telephones

670

(1)

Multipath compensation

670

(1)

Adaptive jammer suppression

671

(1)

Radar signal processing

672

(1)

Separation of speech signals from background noise

672

(1)

Fetal monitoring - cancelling of maternal ECG during labour

673

(1)

Problems

674

(1)

References

674

(1)

Bibliography

675

(1)

Appendices

676

(1)

C language programs for adaptive filtering

676

(4)

MATLAB programs for adaptive filtering

680

(1)

Spectrum estimation and analysis

681

(46)

Introduction

682

(2)

Principles of spectrum estimation

684

(3)

Traditional methods

687

(20)

Pitfalls

687

(3)

Windowing

690

(13)

The periodogram method and periodogram properties

703

(1)

Modified periodogram methods

704

(1)

The Blackman-Tukey method

705

(1)

The fast correlation method

706

(1)

Comparison of the power spectral density estimation methods

706

(1)

Modern parametric estimation methods

707

(1)

Autoregressive spectrum estimation

708

(7)

Autoregressive model and filter

708

(1)

Power spectrum density of AR series

709

(1)

Computation of model parameters - Yule-Walker equations

710

(3)

Solution of the Yule-Walker equations

713

(1)

Model order

714

(1)

Comparison of estimation methods

715

(1)

Application examples

715

(6)

Use of spectral analysis by a DFT for differentiating between brain diseases

715

(4)

Spectral analysis of EEGs using autoregressive modelling

719

(2)

Summary

721

(1)

Worked example

721

(6)

Problems

722

(2)

References

724

(1)

Appendix

725

(1)

MATLAB programs for spectrum estimation and analysis

725

(2)

General- and special-purpose digital signal processors

727

(78)

Introduction

728

(1)

Computer architectures for signal processing

728

(18)

Harvard architecture

730

(2)

Pipelining

732

(5)

Hardware multiplier-accumulator

737

(1)

Special instructions

738

(3)

Replication

741

(1)

On-chip memory/cache

742

(1)

Extended parallelism - SIMD, VLIW and static superscalar processing

742

(4)

General-purpose digital signal processors

746

(13)

Fixed-point digital signal processors

747

(9)

Floating-point digital signal processors

756

(3)

Selecting digital signal processors

759

(2)

Implementation of DSP algorithms on general-purpose digital signal processors

761

(26)

FIR digital filtering

761

(9)

IIR digital filtering

770

(7)

FFT processing

777

(5)

Multirate processing

782

(4)

Adaptive filtering

786

(1)

Special-purpose DSP hardware

787

(5)

Hardware digital filters

789

(1)

Hardware FFT processors

790

(2)

Summary

792

(13)

Problems

793

(3)

References

796

(1)

Bibliography

797

(1)

Appendix

798

(1)

TMS320 assembly language programs for real-time signal processing and a C language program for constant geometry radix-2 FFT

798

(7)

Analysis of finite wordlength effects in fixed-point DSP systems

805

(68)

Introduction

805

(1)

DSP arithmetic

806

(9)

Fixed-point arithmetic

808

(4)

Floating-point arithmetic

812

(3)

ADC quantization noise and signal quality

815

(2)

Finite wordlength effects in IIR digital filters

817

(43)

Influence of filter structure on finite wordlength effects

818

(4)

Coefficient quantization errors in IIR digital filters

822

(1)

Coefficient wordlength requirements for stability and desired frequency response

823

(5)

Addition overflow errors and their effects

828

(1)

Principles of scaling

829

(3)

Scaling in cascade realization

832

(2)

Scaling in parallel realization

834

(1)

Output overflow detection and prevention

835

(1)

Product roundoff errors in IIR digital filters

836

(1)

Effects of roundoff errors on filter performance

837

(4)

Roundoff noise in cascade and parallel realizations

841

(4)

Effects of product roundoff noise in modern DSP systems

845

(1)

Roundoff noise reduction schemes

846

(7)

Determining practical values for error feedback coefficients

853

(4)

Limit cycles due to product roundoff errors

857

(2)

Other nonlinear phenomena

859

(1)

Finite wordlength effects in FFT algorithms

860

(4)

Roundoff errors in FFT

860

(2)

Overflow errors and scaling in FFT

862

(2)

Coefficient quantization in FFT

864

(1)

Summary

864

(9)

Problems

865

(3)

References

868

(1)

Bibliography

868

(2)

Appendices

870

(1)

Finite wordlength analysis program for IIR filters

870

(1)

L2 scaling factor equations

870

(3)

Applications and design studies

873

(52)

Evaluation boards for real-time signal processing

874

(3)

Background

874

(1)

TMS320C10 target board

874

(2)

DSP56002 evaluation module for real-time DSP

876

(1)

TMS320C54 and D5P56300 evaluation boards

876

(1)

DSP applications

877

(27)

Detection of fetal heartbeats during labour

877

(8)

Adaptive removal of ocular artefacts from human EEGs

885

(16)

Equalization of digital audio signals

901

(3)

Design studies

904

(7)

Computer-based multiple choice DSP questions

911

(9)

Summary

920

(5)

Problems

921

(1)

References

921

(2)

Bibliography

923

(1)

Appendix

923

(1)

The modified UD factorization algorithm

923

(2)

Index

925

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Digital Signal Processing A Practical Approach

Digital Signal Processing A Practical Approach

9780201596199

0201596199

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Digital Signal Processing A Practical Approach

Digital Signal Processing A Practical Approach

9780201596199

0201596199

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

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