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Dietary Proteins and Atherosclerosis

by: Debry; G.

Dietary Proteins and Atherosclerosis

by: Debry; G.

ISBN 13:
9780849321023
ISBN 10:
0849321026
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/24/2003
Publisher: CRC Press

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Summary

Dietary Proteins and Atherosclerosis provides a thorough review of the role of proteins in the development of atherosclerosis. The author reviews early research connections between dietary fat and cardiovascular disease caused by the build-up of plaque in arteries and examines other factors that contribute to atherosclerosis, such as infection and dietary proteins. Relying on data obtained from almost 2,000 research articles and literature reviews, the author provides a thorough analytical examination and discusses how emphasis on the role of dietary fat in atherogenesis has overshadowed the critical contribution of dietary proteins to the development of cardiovascular disease.

Introduction

xxv

Epidemiologic Data

xxv

Clinical Data

xxv

Chapter 1 Protocol Design for Experimental Data on the Effects of Food Proteins on Plasma Lipids and Lipid Metabolism

(8)

1.1 General Conditions for Protocol Design

(1)

1.2 Animal Species

(1)

1.3 Genetic Factors

(4)

1.7 Similarities and Contrasts between Animals and Humans

(1)

1.8 Conclusion

(2)

Chapter 2 Experimental Data on Animals

(118)

2.1 Effects of Dietary Protein Level

(11)

2.1.1 Birds

(2)

2.1.1.1 Chickens and Cockerels

(2)

2.1.1.2 Pigeons

(1)

2.1.1.3 Quails

(1)

2.1.2 Rabbits

(1)

2.1.3 Rodents

(3)

2.1.3.1 Rats

(2)

2.1.3.2 Mice and Hamsters

(1)

2.1.4 Dogs

(1)

2.1.5 Calves

(1)

2.1.6 Pigs

(1)

2.1.7 Monkeys

(1)

2.1.8 Summary

(1)

2.1.9 Effects of Low-Protein Diet on Plasma Lipids, Liver Enzymes, Lipid Metabolism, and Biliary Flow

(3)

2.1.9.1 Plasma Lipids

(1)

2.1.9.2 Liver Enzymes and Lipid Metabolism

(2)

2.1.9.3 Biliary Flow

(1)

2.1.10 Effects of High-Protein Diet on Enzymes and Liver Lipogenesis

(1)

2.1.11 Conclusion

(1)

2.2 Effects of the Nature of Proteins

(14)

2.2.1 Casein versus Soybean Protein: Effects on Serum Cholesterol Concentrations

(8)

2.2.1.1 Birds

(1)

2.2.1.2 Rabbits

(2)

2.2.1.3 Rats

(2)

2.2.1.4 Mice

(1)

2.2.1.5 Guinea Pigs and Hamsters

(1)

2.2.1.6 Pigs

(1)

2.2.1.7 Monkeys

(1)

2.2.2 Casein versus Soybean Protein: Effects on Lipid and Cholesterol Metabolisms

(2)

2.2.2.1 Rabbits

(1)

2.2.2.2 Rats

(1)

2.2.3 Casein versus Soybean Protein: Effects on Lipoproteins

(3)

2.2.3.1 Birds

(1)

2.2.3.2 Rabbits

(1)

2.2.3.3 Rats

(2)

2.2.3.4 Monkeys

(1)

2.2.4 Casein versus Soybean Protein: Effects on Apoproteins

(1)

2.2.5 Casein versus Soybean Protein: Effects on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

(1)

2.2.6 Summary

(1)

2.3 Effects of Various Types of Soybean Protein and Casein Products

(6)

2.3.1 Soybean Protein Isolates

(3)

2.3.1.1 Gerbils

(1)

2.3.1.2 Rabbits

(1)

2.3.1.3 Rats and Mice

(1)

2.3.1.4 Hamsters

(1)

2.3.1.5 Pigs

(1)

2.3.1.6 Monkeys

(1)

2.3.2 Soybean Protein Extracts of High or Low Molecular Weight and Undigested Fractions of Soybean Protein

(1)

2.3.3 Germinated or Fermented Soybean

(1)

2.3.4 Soybean Protein Hydrolysates

(1)

2.3.5 Casein and Soybean Protein Treated with Formaldehyde

(1)

2.3.6 Sodium Caseinate

(1)

2.3.7 Summary

(1)

2.4 Influence of Dietary Food Environments on Effects of Soybean Protein and Casein

(13)

2.4.1 Balance

(1)

2.4.2 Fatty Acid Content

(2)

2.4.3 Choline and Lecithin Content

(2)

2.4.4 Cholesterol Content

(2)

2.4.5 Carbohydrate Content

(1)

2.4.6 Dietary Fiber Content

(2)

2.4.7 Mineral and Vitamin Content

(3)

2.4.7.1 Calcium Content

(1)

2.4.7.2 Zinc, Copper, and Magnesium Content

(1)

2.4.7.3 Vitamin A and Vitamin E Content

(1)

2.4.8 Conclusion

(1)

2.5 Effects of Other Food Proteins

(12)

2.5.1 Vegetable Proteins

(4)

2.5.1.1 Wheat and Corn Gluten

(1)

2.5.1.2 Rice and Rice-Protein Concentrates

(1)

2.5.1.3 Other Vegetable Proteins

(2)

2.5.1.4 Summary

(1)

2.5.2 Animal Proteins

(6)

2.5.2.1 Fish Protein

(2)

2.5.2.2 Milk Protein

(2)

2.5.2.3 Egg Protein

(1)

2.5.2.4 Beef Protein

(1)

2.5.2.5 Carnitine

(1)

2.5.3 Animal and Vegetable Proteins

(1)

2.5.4 Summary

(1)

2.6 Effects of Amino Acid Mixtures and Amino Acids

(28)

2.6.1 Amino Acid Mixtures

(5)

2.6.1.1 Rabbits

(2)

2.6.1.2 Rats

(2)

2.6.1.3 Monkeys

(1)

2.6.1.4 Summary

(1)

2.6.2 Amino Acids

(23)

2.6.2.1 Alanine

(1)

2.6.2.2 Cysteine

(4)

2.6.2.3 Ethionine

(1)

2.6.2.4 Glutamic Acid

(1)

2.6.2.5 Glycine

(2)

2.6.2.6 Histidine

(1)

2.6.2.7 Isoleucine

(1)

2.6.2.8 Leucine

(1)

2.6.2.9 Methionine

(5)

2.6.2.10 Phenylalanine

(1)

2.6.2.11 Taurine

(4)

2.6.2.12 Threonine

(1)

2.6.2.13 Tryptophan

(1)

2.6.2.14 Tyrosine

(1)

2.6.2.15 Valine

(1)

2.6.2.16 Summary and Conclusion

(1)

2.7 Action Mechanisms of Soybean Protein, Casein, and Amino Acids

(34)

2.7.1 Effects on Digestive Absorption of Lipids, Cholesterol, and Steroids and Fecal Excretion of Steroids

(4)

2.7.1.1 Digestive Absorption of Lipids, Cholesterol, and Steroids

(2)

2.7.1.2 Fecal Excretion of Steroids and Bile Acids

(2)

2.7.2 Effects on Serum Lipids, Liver Cholesterol, and Liver Enzymes

(6)

2.7.3 Effects of Amino Acids and Lysine/Arginine Ratio

104

(10)

2.7.3.1 Amino Acids

104

(5)

2.7.3.2 Lysine/Arginine Ratio

109

(1)

2.7.3.3 Action Mechanism of Amino Acids

110

(4)

2.7.4 Effects of Nonprotein Components

114

(7)

2.7.4.1 Dietary Fibers

114

(1)

2.7.4.2 Phytates

114

(1)

2.7.4.3 Saponins

115

(1)

2.7.4.4 Isoflavones

116

(4)

2.7.4.5 Soybean Globulins

120

(1)

2.7.5 Effects on Endocrine Responses

121

(4)

2.7.5.1 Insulin and Glucagon

121

(2)

2.7.5.2 Growth Hormone

123

(1)

2.7.5.3 Thyroid Hormones

123

(2)

2.7.5.4 Cortisol and Corticosterone

125

(1)

2.7.6 Conclusion

125

(2)

Chapter 3 Experimental Data on Humans

127

(32)

3.1 Healthy Humans

127

(13)

3.1.1 Amount of Proteins

127

(1)

3.1.2 Nature of Proteins

128

(12)

3.1.2.1 Casein and Soybean Protein

129

(4)

3.1.2.2 Fish, Pork, Beef, Soybean Protein Analogues, and Poultry Proteins

133

(3)

3.1.2.3 Milk and Whey Proteins

136

(1)

3.1.2.4 Egg Protein

136

(1)

3.1.2.5 Amino Acids

137

(2)

3.1.2.6 Carnitine

139

(1)

3.1.2.7 Food Environments

139

(1)

3.2 Hyperlipidemic Humans

140

(7)

3.2.1 Soybean Protein, Animal Protein, and Amino Acids

140

(5)

3.2.2 Wheat Gluten

145

(1)

3.2.3 Garlic Protein

145

(1)

3.2.4 Food Environments

145

(1)

3.2.5 Summary

146

(1)

3.3 Mechanisms Involved in Soybean Protein, Casein, and Amino Acid Effects

147

(11)

3.3.1 Effects on Digestive Absorption of Lipids and Fecal Excretion of Steroids

147

(1)

3.3.2 Effects on Hepatic and Lipoprotein Cholesterol

148

(1)

3.3.3 Effects of Nonprotein Components

149

(7)

3.3.3.1 Lecithin

150

(1)

3.3.3.2 Dietary Fibers

150

(1)

3.3.3.3 Saponins

151

(1)

3.3.3.4 Isoflavones

152

(4)

3.3.3.5 Summary

156

(1)

3.3.4 Effects on Endocrine Response

156

(3)

3.3.4.1 Insulin and Glucagon

156

(1)

3.3.4.2 Growth Hormone

157

(1)

3.3.4.3 Thyroid Hormones

158

(1)

3.3.4.4 Cortisol and Corticosterone

158

(1)

3.4 Conclusion

158

(1)

Chapter 4 Data on Atherosclerosis

159

(32)

4.1 Experimental Data in Animals

159

(16)

4.1.1 Low-Protein Diet

159

(1)

4.1.2 High-Protein Diet

160

(1)

4.1.3 Nature of Proteins

160

(3)

4.1.4 Amino Acids

163

(6)

4.1.4.1 Arginine

163

(2)

4.1.4.2 Lysine

165

(1)

4.1.4.3 Lysine/L-Arginine and L-Arginine/Aspartic Acid Ratios

165

(1)

4.1.4.4 Methionine

166

(2)

4.1.4.5 Taurine

168

(1)

4.1.4.6 Summary

169

(1)

4.1.5 Immunologic Effects of Proteins

169

(2)

4.1.6 Glutathione

171

(1)

4.1.7 Influence of Food Environments on Diets

171

(3)

4.1.7.1 Copper and Zinc

171

(1)

4.1.7.2 Choline and Lecithin

171

(1)

4.1.7.3 Dietary Fibers

172

(1)

4.1.7.4 Isoflavones

172

(2)

4.1.8 Conclusion

174

(1)

4.2 Data on Humans

175

(16)

4.2.1 Epidemiologic Data

175

(5)

4.2.1.1 Animal Proteins

176

(1)

4.2.1.2 Taurine

177

(1)

4.2.1.3 Biological Parameters

177

(3)

4.2.2 Experimental Data

180

(8)

4.2.2.1 Dairy Proteins

180

(1)

4.2.2.2 Amino Acids

180

(5)

4.2.2.3 Immunologic Effects of Proteins

185

(1)

4.2.2.4 Dietary Fibers

186

(1)

4.2.2.5 Isoflavones

187

(1)

4.2.3 Conclusion

188

(3)

Chapter 5 Data on Hypertension

191

(14)

5.1 Data on Animals

191

(2)

5.1.1 Summary

193

(1)

5.2 Data on Humans

193

(5)

5.2.1 Epidemiologic Data

193

(2)

5.2.2 Experimental Data

195

(3)

5.2.2.1 Nature of Proteins

195

(2)

5.2.2.2 Amino Acids

197

(1)

5.2.2.3 Isoflavones

198

(1)

5.3 Mechanisms

198

(3)

5.3.1 Effects of Sympathetic Nervous System

198

(1)

5.3.2 Dietary Protein and Natriuresis

199

(1)

5.3.3 Effects of Amino Acids

199

(6)

5.3.3.1 Arginine

199

(1)

5.3.3.2 Lysine

200

(1)

5.3.3.3 Methionine

200

(1)

5.3.3.4 Taurine

200

(1)

5.3.3.5 Tyrosine and Tryptophan

201

(1)

5.4 Effects of Casein Peptides

201

(1)

5.5 Conclusion

202

(3)

Chapter 6 Data on Thrombosis in Animals and Humans

205

(6)

6.1 Effects of Proteins

205

(4)

6.1.1 Milk Peptides from Casein, Soybean Protein, Lactalbumin, Lactotransferrin, and Other Proteins

205

(2)

6.1.2 Immunoglobulins

207

(1)

6.1.3 Amino Acids

207

(10)

6.1.3.1 Arginine

207

(1)

6.1.3.2 Methionine and Homocysteine

208

(1)

6.1.3.3 Taurine

208

(1)

6.1.3.4 Tryptophan

209

(1)

6.2 Effects of Isoflavones

209

(1)

6.3 Conclusion

210

(1)

Chapter 7 General Conclusions

211

(116)

References

217

(110)

Amino Acid Index

321

(1)

Alanine

321

(1)

Arginine

321

(1)

Cysteine and Cystine

322

(1)

Ethionine

322

(1)

Glutamic Acid

322

(1)

Glycine

322

(1)

L-Histidine

323

(1)

Isoleucine

323

(1)

Leucine

323

(1)

Lysine

323

(1)

Lysine/Arginine Ratio

323

(1)

Methionine

324

(1)

Phenylalanine

325

(1)

Serine

325

(1)

Taurine

325

(1)

Threonine

325

(1)

Tryptophan

326

(1)

Tyrosine

326

(1)

Valine

326

(1)

Index

327

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Dietary Proteins and Atherosclerosis

Dietary Proteins and Atherosclerosis

9780849321023

0849321026

Summary

Table of Contents

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