Joscha Kartner received his Ph.D. from the Department of Culture and Development at the University of Osnabr¨uck, Germany. He presently holds a postdoctoral research position at the nifbe-research unit Development, Learning, and Culture at the University of Osnabr¨uck. His research interests include early mother–infant interaction in different cultures and sociocognitive and socioemotional development across cultures.

Heidi Keller received her Ph.D. from the University of Mainz, Germany, and is a professor of Psychology, head of the Department of Culture and Development, and head of the nifbe-research unit Development, Learning, and Culture at the University of Osnabr¨uck. Her research interests include the interplay between culture and biology, the development of cultural pathways through universal developmental tasks, and culturally informed child-care
programs and family counseling.

Nandita Chaudhary received her Ph.D. from the University of Delhi and is presently employed as a Professor at the Department of Human Development and Childhood Studies, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi. Her main research interests are in the area of culture, children's development, and family studies. During her career, she has been an advisor to several national and international agencies (Governmental, Nongovernmental, and community).

Relindis D. Yovsi earned her Ph.D. from the Department of Culture and Development from the University of Osnabr¨uck. She has worked as a research fellow in the same department. Her areas of interest include parentingin cross-cultural context, infant feeding, immigration, children under nonparental care, and status and role of children in traditional communities. She is a consultant on infant feeding and maternal and infant care.

Abstract vii

Introduction 1

Method 24

Results 37

Discussion 66

References 81

Acknowledgments 87

Contributors 88

Statement of Editorial Policy 89

Subject Index 91

Author Index 98

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