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| To the Student | p. xxiii |
| To the Instructor | p. xxv |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Basic Questions | p. 1 |
| Nature and Nurture: An Ancient Debate | p. 2 |
| Interactions of Nature and Nurture | p. 13 |
| The Nature of Developmental Change | p. 16 |
| Theories of Development | p. 17 |
| Finding the Answers: Research on Development | p. 23 |
| Research Design | ... MOREp. 24 |
| Research Methods | p. 30 |
| Research Analysis | p. 32 |
| A Final Word | p. 33 |
| Summary | p. 34 |
| Research Report: How Do Behavior Geneticists Identify Genetic Effects? | p. 6 |
| Research Report: Resilience Among Children Growing Up in Poverty | p. 14 |
| Cultures and Contexts: An Example of a Cross-Cultural Comparison Study | p. 29 |
| Research Report: Ethical Issues in Research on Development | p. 32 |
| The Beginnings of Life | p. 38 |
| Prenatal Development | p. 38 |
| Conception | p. 39 |
| The Basic Genetics of Conception | p. 39 |
| Patterns of Genetic Inheritance | p. 41 |
| Twins and Siblings | p. 44 |
| Genotypes and Phenotypes | p. 45 |
| Development from Conception to Birth | p. 45 |
| An Overview of Prenatal Development | p. 50 |
| Genetic Errors | p. 51 |
| Teratogens: Diseases and Drugs | p. 54 |
| Other Influences on Prenatal Development | p. 61 |
| An Overview of Risks and Long-Term Consequences of Prenatal Problems | p. 64 |
| Sex Differences in Prenatal Development | p. 66 |
| Social Class Differences | p. 67 |
| Summary | p. 68 |
| The Real World: Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Errors | p. 53 |
| Research Report: Rh Factor: Another Type of Genetic Problem | p. 55 |
| Research Report: Streissguth's Study of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure | p. 59 |
| Birth and the Newborn Child | p. 71 |
| Birth | p. 72 |
| Adapting to the Newborn | p. 82 |
| The Newborn: What Can He Do? | p. 82 |
| The Daily Life of Infants | p. 90 |
| Individual Differences Among Babies | p. 96 |
| Summary | p. 99 |
| The Real World: Postpartum Depression | p. 83 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Sleeping Arrangements for Infants | p. 92 |
| Research Report: Variations in Children's Cries | p. 93 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Cultural and Social Class Differences in Patterns of Breast-Feeding, and Their Consequences | p. 95 |
| The Physical Child | p. 102 |
| Physical Development | p. 102 |
| Four Reasons for Studying Physical Development | p. 103 |
| Basic Sequences and Common Patterns | p. 104 |
| Development of Sexual Maturity | p. 112 |
| Using the Body: Motor Development | p. 119 |
| Variations in Rate of Development | p. 119 |
| Health and Illness | p. 122 |
| Determinants of Growth: Explanations of Physical Development | p. 132 |
| Summary | p. 135 |
| Research Report: Homosexuality Among Adolescents | p. 117 |
| The Real World: Which Teenagers Get Pregnant? | p. 118 |
| The Real World: Sports for Children | p. 121 |
| Research Report: Child Abuse and Neglect | p. 125 |
| Perceptual Development | p. 138 |
| Ways of Studying Early Perceptual Skills | p. 139 |
| Basic Sensory Skills | p. 140 |
| Complex Perceptual Skills: Preferences, Discriminations, and Patterns | p. 143 |
| Ignoring Perceptual Information: The Perceptual Constancies | p. 151 |
| The Object Concept | p. 152 |
| Perception of Social Signals | p. 155 |
| Individual Differences in Perception: Speed and Efficiency | p. 157 |
| Explanations of Perceptual Development | p. 158 |
| Perceptual Development: A Summing-Up | p. 160 |
| Summary | p. 160 |
| Research Report: Langlois' Studies of Babies' Preferences for Attractive Faces | p. 146 |
| Research Report: Babies Even Learn Sound Patterns in Utero | p. 149 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Object Permanence in Zambian Infants | p. 155 |
| The Thinking Child | p. 162 |
| Cognitive Development I: Structure and Process | p. 162 |
| Three Views of Intelligence | p. 163 |
| Piaget's Perspective | p. 164 |
| Infancy | p. 167 |
| The Preschool Years | p. 172 |
| The School-Age Child | p. 180 |
| Cognitive Development in Adolescence | p. 187 |
| Preliminary Conclusions and Questions | p. 191 |
| Information Processing in Children | p. 192 |
| Summary | p. 195 |
| Research Report: Piaget's Clever Research | p. 165 |
| The Real World: Young Children's Play | p. 173 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Understanding of Appearance and Reality in Other Cultures | p. 177 |
| Research Report: Memory and the Child as Witness | p. 184 |
| Cognitive Development II: Individual Differences in Cognitive Abilities | p. 198 |
| Measuring Intellectual Power: IQ Tests and Other Measures | p. 199 |
| Stability and Predictive Value of IQ Tests | p. 203 |
| An Alternative View: Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence | p. 207 |
| Explaining Differences in IQ Scores | p. 208 |
| Interaction of Heredity and Environment | p. 217 |
| Group Differences in IQ Scores | p. 217 |
| The Measurement of Intelligence: A Last Look | p. 222 |
| Individual Differences in Information Processing | p. 222 |
| Cognitive Development: Putting the Three Approaches Together | p. 223 |
| Summary | p. 225 |
| The Real World: Performance Tests: A New Way to Measure School Achievement | p. 204 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Maternal "Responsiveness" in Different Cultures | p. 212 |
| Research Report: Later Schooling and IQ Scores | p. 216 |
| Research Report: Stereotype Threat: Another Possible Factor in Poorer Minority Performance | p. 218 |
| Cultures and Contexts: How Asian Teachers Teach Math and Science So Effectively | p. 220 |
| The Development of Language | p. 227 |
| What Is Language Anyway? | p. 228 |
| Before the First Word: The Prelinguistic Phase | p. 229 |
| The First Words | p. 231 |
| Speaking in Sentences: The Development of Grammar | p. 235 |
| The Development of Word Meaning | p. 239 |
| Using Language: Communication and Self-direction | p. 243 |
| Explaining Language Development | p. 244 |
| Innateness Theories | p. 247 |
| Individual Differences in Language Development | p. 251 |
| An Application of the Basic Knowledge: Learning to Read | p. 254 |
| Summary | p. 255 |
| Research Report: Early Gestural "Language" in the Children of Deaf Parents | p. 231 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Early Words by Children in Many Cultures | p. 234 |
| The Real World: Bilingual Children | p. 240 |
| Research Report: The Importance of Reading To the Child | p. 247 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Universals and Variations in Early Language | p. 248 |
| The Social Child | p. 258 |
| Personality Development: Alternative Views | p. 258 |
| Defining Personality in Adults | p. 260 |
| Defining Personality in Children | p. 261 |
| Genetic and Biological Explanations | p. 264 |
| Learning Explanations | p. 269 |
| Psychoanalytic Explanations | p. 274 |
| A Possible Synthesis | p. 283 |
| Summary | p. 285 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Cultural Differences in Infant Temperament | p. 264 |
| Research Report: The Inheritance of Personality Patterns: Evidence from Adults | p. 266 |
| Research Report: Temperament and Behavior Problems | p. 268 |
| The Real World: Applying Learning Principles at Home | p. 271 |
| The Real World: The Effects of Divorce: One Test of Psychoanalytic Theory | p. 282 |
| The Concept of Self in Children | p. 287 |
| The Development of the Concept of Self | p. 288 |
| Self-esteem | p. 299 |
| The Self-concept: A Summing-Up | p. 303 |
| The Development of Gender and Sex-Role Concepts | p. 303 |
| Summary | p. 314 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Adolescent Initiation Rituals | p. 297 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Sex-Role Stereotypes Around the World | p. 306 |
| The Real World: Sex Stereotyping on TV and in Children's Books | p. 310 |
| The Development of Social Relationships | p. 317 |
| Attachment Theory: Concepts and Terminology | p. 318 |
| The Parents' Bond to the Child | p. 320 |
| The Baby's Attachment to the Parent | p. 322 |
| Variations in the Quality of Infants' Attachments | p. 328 |
| Relationships with Peers: Playmates and Friends | p. 334 |
| Behavior with Peers: Prosocial Behavior and Aggression | p. 342 |
| Individual Differences in Peer Relationships | p. 345 |
| Summary | p. 349 |
| The Real World: Failure of Parental Bonding: Causes and Consequences | p. 322 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Attachment in a Very Different Cultural System | p. 323 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Secure and Insecure Attachments in Different Cultures | p. 330 |
| Research Report: Intergenerational Transmission of Secure and Insecure Attachment | p. 331 |
| The Real World: Sibling Relationships | p. 335 |
| Research Report: Are African-American Adolescents More Susceptible to Peer Influence? | p. 340 |
| The Real World: Rearing Helpful and Altruistic Children | p. 344 |
| Research Report: Bullies and Victims | p. 346 |
| Thinking About Relationships: The Development of Social Cognition | p. 352 |
| Some General Principles and Issues | p. 353 |
| Reading Others' Feelings | p. 354 |
| Describing Other People | p. 358 |
| Describing Friendships | p. 359 |
| Making Moral Judgments | p. 360 |
| Social Cognition and Behavior | p. 369 |
| Social Cognition and General Cognitive Development | p. 372 |
| Summary | p. 374 |
| Research Report: An Intervention to Increase Children's Emotional Competence | p. 356 |
| The Real World: Application of Kohlberg's Theory to Education | p. 373 |
| The Whole Child | p. 376 |
| The Ecology of Development: The Child Within the Family System | p. 376 |
| Theoretical Approaches | p. 377 |
| Dimensions of Family Interaction | p. 379 |
| Patterns or Styles of Child Rearing | p. 385 |
| Other Aspects of Family Dynamics | p. 390 |
| Some Exosystem Effects: Parents' Work and Social Support | p. 401 |
| Summary | p. 404 |
| The Real World: To Spank or Not to Spank | p. 383 |
| Cultures and Contexts: China's One-Child Policy | p. 392 |
| Cultures and Contexts: The Benefits of Extended Families | p. 396 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Explaining the High Rate of Single Parenthood Among African Americans | p. 397 |
| The Real World: Softening the Effects of Divorce | p. 400 |
| Beyond the Family: The Impact of the Broader Culture | p. 406 |
| Child Care | p. 407 |
| The Impact of Schools | p. 414 |
| Joining the Work World: The Impact of Jobs on Teenagers | p. 420 |
| The Impact of the Mass Media | p. 423 |
| Macrosystem Effects: The Impact of the Larger Culture | p. 427 |
| Summary | p. 440 |
| The Real World: Latchkey Children | p. 413 |
| Research Report: Family Viewing Patterns | p. 424 |
| The Real World: Children in Danger | p. 431 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Child Rearing and Family Values in West Africa | p. 434 |
| Research Report: Asian and U.S. Teenagers and Their Parents Define a "Bad Kid" | p. 438 |
| Atypical Development | p. 442 |
| Frequency of Problems | p. 443 |
| Developmental Psychopathology: A New Approach | p. 444 |
| The Psychopathologies of Childhood | p. 446 |
| Intellectually Atypical Development | p. 457 |
| Schooling for Atypical Children | p. 462 |
| Sex Differences in Atypical Development | p. 465 |
| A Final Point | p. 466 |
| Summary | p. 467 |
| Cultures and Contexts: Problem Behaviors Among Children in Kenya and Thailand | p. 444 |
| Research Report: Delinquency Among Girls | p. 449 |
| The Real World: Adolescent Suicide and Its Prevention | p. 451 |
| The Real World: The Impact of the Atypical Child on the Family | p. 464 |
| Putting It All Together: The Developing Child | p. 469 |
| Transitions, Consolidations, and Systems | p. 470 |
| From Birth to 18 Months | p. 470 |
| The Preschool Years | p. 475 |
| The Elementary School Years | p. 477 |
| Adolescence | p. 480 |
| Returning to Some Basic Questions | p. 485 |
| Individual Differences | p. 491 |
| A Final Point: The Joy of Development | p. 492 |
| Summary | p. 493 |
| Glossary | p. 495 |
| References | p. 503 |
| Credits | p. 547 |
| Name Index | p. 549 |
| Subject Index | p. 565 |
| Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |