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| Design Principles | p. 1 |
| Design Process | p. 3 |
| Introduction | p. 4 |
| Design Defined | p. 4 |
| Procedures | p. 6 |
| Steps in the Process | p. 6 |
| Thinking | p. 8 |
| Getting Started | p. 8 |
| Form and Content | p. 10 |
| Form and Function | p. 12 |
| Looking | p. 14 |
| Sources: Nature | p. 14 |
| Sources: History and Culture | p. 16 |
| Doing | p. 18 |
| Thinking with Materials | p. 18 |
| Critique | p. 20 |
| Constructive Criticism | p. 20 |
| Unity | p. 23 |
| Introduction | p. 24 |
| Harmony | p. 24 |
| Visual Unity | p. 26 |
| Gestalt | p. 28 |
| Visual Perception | p. 28 |
| Ways to Achieve Unity | p. 30 |
| Proximity | p. 30 |
| Repetition | p. 32 |
| Continuation | p. 34 |
| Continuity | p. 36 |
| Unity with Variety | p. 38 |
| The Grid | p. 38 |
| Varied Repetition | p. 40 |
| Emphasis on Unity | p. 42 |
| Emphasis on Variety | p. 44 |
| Chaos and Control | p. 46 |
| Emphasis and Focal Point | p. 49 |
| Introduction | p. 50 |
| Attracting Attention | p. 50 |
| Ways to Achieve Emphasis | p. 52 |
| Emphasis by Contrast | p. 52 |
| Emphasis by Isolation | p. 54 |
| Emphasis by Placement | p. 56 |
| Degree of Emphasis | p. 58 |
| One Element | p. 58 |
| Absence of Focal Point | p. 60 |
| Emphasizing the Whole over the Parts | p. 60 |
| Scale/Proportion | p. 63 |
| Introduction | p. 64 |
| Scale and Proportion | p. 64 |
| Scale of Art | p. 66 |
| Human Scale Reference | p. 66 |
| Context | p. 68 |
| Scale within Art | p. 70 |
| Internal Proportions | p. 70 |
| Contrast of Scale | p. 72 |
| Scale Confusion | p. 74 |
| Surrealism and Fantasy | p. 74 |
| Proportion | p. 76 |
| Notions of the Ideal | p. 76 |
| Root Rectangles | p. 78 |
| Balance | p. 81 |
| Introduction | p. 82 |
| Imbalance | p. 84 |
| Horizontal and Vertical Placement | p. 84 |
| Symmetrical Balance | p. 86 |
| Architectural Examples | p. 86 |
| Examples from Various Art Forms | p. 88 |
| Asymmetrical Balance | p. 90 |
| Introduction | p. 90 |
| Balance by Value and Color | p. 92 |
| Balance by Texture and Pattern | p. 94 |
| Balance by Position and Eye Direction | p. 96 |
| Analysis Summary | p. 98 |
| Radial Balance | p. 100 |
| Examples in Nature and Art | p. 100 |
| Crystallographic Balance | p. 102 |
| Allover Pattern | p. 102 |
| Rhythm | p. 105 |
| Introduction | p. 106 |
| Visual Rhythm | p. 106 |
| Rhythm and Motion | p. 108 |
| Shapes and Repetition | p. 108 |
| Alternating Rhythm | p. 110 |
| Patterns and Sequence | p. 110 |
| Progressive Rhythm | p. 112 |
| Converging Patterns | p. 112 |
| Rhythmic Sensations | p. 114 |
| Engaging the Senses | p. 114 |
| Design Elements | p. 117 |
| Line | p. 119 |
| Introduction | p. 120 |
| Defining Form | p. 120 |
| Line and Shape | p. 122 |
| Defining Shape | p. 122 |
| Types of Line | p. 124 |
| Actual, Implied, and Psychic Lines | p. 124 |
| Line Direction | p. 126 |
| Horizontal, Vertical, and Diagonal Lines | p. 126 |
| Contour and Gesture | p. 128 |
| Precision or Spontaneity | p. 128 |
| Line Quality | p. 130 |
| Creating Variety and Emphasis | p. 130 |
| Line as Value | p. 132 |
| Using Lines to Create Dark and Light | p. 132 |
| Line in Painting | p. 134 |
| Outline of Forms | p. 134 |
| Explicit Line | p. 136 |
| Lost-and-Found Contour | p. 138 |
| Suggestions of Form | p. 138 |
| Shape/Volume | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 142 |
| Volume/Mass | p. 144 |
| Working in Two and Three Dimensions | p. 144 |
| Naturalism and Distortion | p. 146 |
| Exaggerated Shapes | p. 146 |
| Naturalism and Idealism | p. 148 |
| Nature Improved | p. 148 |
| Abstraction | p. 150 |
| Essence of Shape | p. 150 |
| Nonobjective Shapes | p. 152 |
| Pure Forms | p. 152 |
| Rectilinear and Curvilinear Shapes | p. 154 |
| Positive/Negative Shapes | p. 156 |
| Introduction | p. 156 |
| Integration | p. 158 |
| Confusion | p. 160 |
| Texture | p. 163 |
| Introduction | p. 164 |
| Adding Visual Interest | p. 164 |
| Tactile Texture | p. 166 |
| Actual and Implied | p. 166 |
| Collage | p. 168 |
| Visual Texture | p. 170 |
| Visual Impression | p. 170 |
| Trompe L'oeil | p. 172 |
| Texture and Pattern | p. 174 |
| Variation versus Regularity | p. 174 |
| Illusion of Space | p. 177 |
| Introduction | p. 178 |
| Occupying Space in Two Dimensions | p. 178 |
| Devices to Show Depth | p. 180 |
| Size | p. 180 |
| Exaggerated Size | p. 182 |
| Overlapping | p. 184 |
| Vertical Location | p. 186 |
| Aerial Perspective | p. 188 |
| Linear Perspective | p. 190 |
| One-Point Perspective | p. 192 |
| Two-Point Perspective | p. 194 |
| Multipoint Perspective | p. 196 |
| Amplified Perspective | p. 198 |
| A Different Point of View | p. 198 |
| Multiple Perspective | p. 200 |
| A Pictorial Device | p. 200 |
| Isometric Projection | p. 202 |
| A Spatial Illusion | p. 202 |
| Open Form/Closed Form | p. 204 |
| The Concept of Enclosure | p. 204 |
| Transparency | p. 206 |
| Equivocal Space | p. 206 |
| Spatial Puzzles | p. 208 |
| Ignoring Conventions | p. 208 |
| Illusion of Motion | p. 211 |
| Introduction | p. 212 |
| Reflecting the World around Us | p. 212 |
| Anticipated Motion | p. 214 |
| "Seeing" the Action | p. 214 |
| Ways to Suggest Motion | p. 216 |
| Figure Repeated, Figure Cropped | p. 216 |
| Blurred Outlines | p. 218 |
| Multiple Image | p. 220 |
| Value | p. 223 |
| Introduction | p. 224 |
| Light and Dark | p. 224 |
| Value Pattern | p. 226 |
| Variations in Light and Dark | p. 226 |
| Value as Emphasis | p. 228 |
| Creating a Focal Point | p. 228 |
| Value and Space | p. 230 |
| Using Value to Suggest Space | p. 230 |
| Techniques | p. 232 |
| An Overview | p. 232 |
| Color | p. 235 |
| Introduction | p. 236 |
| Color Theory | p. 236 |
| Color Characteristics | p. 238 |
| Light and Color Perception | p. 238 |
| Influence of Context | p. 240 |
| Properties of Color | p. 242 |
| Hue | p. 242 |
| Value | p. 244 |
| Intensity/Complementary Colors | p. 246 |
| Visual Color Mixing | p. 248 |
| Techniques That Suggest Light | p. 248 |
| Cool/Warm Colors | p. 250 |
| Identifying Color with the Senses | p. 250 |
| Color as Emphasis | p. 252 |
| Color Dominance | p. 252 |
| Color and Balance | p. 254 |
| Achieving Balance within Asymmetrical Composition | p. 254 |
| Color and Space | p. 256 |
| Color's Spatial Properties | p. 256 |
| Color Schemes | p. 258 |
| Monochromatic/Analogous | p. 258 |
| Complementary/Triadic | p. 260 |
| Color Discord and Vibrating Colors | p. 262 |
| Unexpected Combinations | p. 262 |
| Color Uses | p. 264 |
| Local, Optical, Arbitrary | p. 264 |
| Emotional Color | p. 266 |
| Color Evokes a Response | p. 266 |
| Color Symbolism | p. 268 |
| Conceptual Qualities of Color | p. 268 |
| Color versus Value | p. 270 |
| A Continuing Debate | p. 270 |
| Glossary | p. 272 |
| Bibliography | p. 275 |
| Photographic Sources | p. 277 |
| Index | p. 279 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |