9780199233298

The conditional, if...then, is probably the most important term in natural language and forms the core of systems of logic and mental representation. Cognition and Conditionals is the first volume for over 20 years (On Conditionals, 1986, CUP) that brings together recent developments in the cognitive science and psychology of conditional reasoning. Over the last 10 to 15 years, research on conditionals has come to dominate the psychology of reasoning providing arich seam of results that have created new theoretical possibilities. This book shows how these developments have led researchers to view people's conditional reasoning behaviour more as succesful probabilistic reasoning rather than as errorful logical reasoning. Cognition and Conditionalswill be a valuable resource for cognitive scientists, psychologists and philosophers interested how people actually reason with conditionals.

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Mike Oaksford is Professor of Psychology and Head of School at Birkbeck College London. He was a PhD student and subsequently a Research Fellow at the Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh. He was then a lecturer at the University of Wales, Bangor, and a senior lecturer at the University of Warwick, before moving to Cardiff University in 1996 as Professor of Experimental Psychology, a post he held until 2005 when he moved to Birkbeck College, University of London. He has authored or edited seven books (four with OUP) and over 100 articles. His research interests are in the area of human reasoning and argumentation. In particular, with Nick Chater and Ulrike Hahn, he has been developing a Bayesian probabilistic approach to classical deductive reasoning tasks and to the classical fallacies of informal argumentation. He also studies the way the emotions interact with reasoning and decision making processes. Nick Chater is Professor of Cognitive and Decision Sciences at University College London. He was a PhD student at the Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh. He was then a lecturer at University of College London, before moving to lectureships at Edinburgh and then at Oxford. In 1996 he moved to Warwick University as Professor of Psychology, a post he held until 2005 when he moved back to University College London. He has authored or edited seven books (three with OUP) and over one hundred and fifty scientific publications in psychology, philosophy, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science. His research explores formal models of inference, choice, and language.

Cognition and conditionals: An Introduction
Working Memory: Function, Representation, and Process
Logic
The mental logic theory of conditional propositions, David O'Brien
Conditionals and possibilities
Logic and/in psychology: The paradoxes of material implication and psychologism in the cognitive science of human reasoning
The logical response to a noisy world, Keith Stenning
Probability
Conditionals and probability, Vittorio Girotto
Causal discounting and conditional reasoning in children
Conditionals and non-constructive reasoning
The conditional in mental probability logic
Long Term Memory: Function, Representation, and Process
Logic
Semantic memory retrieval, mental models, and the development of conditional inferences in children
Counterexample retrieval and inhibition during conditional reasoning: Direct evidence from memory probing
Probability
How semantic memory processes temper causal inferences
A successive-conditionalization approach to conditional reasoning
Pragmatic conditionals, conditional pragmatics, and the pragmatic component of conditional reasoning
Integrative Approaches
Reasoning with conditionals in artificial intelligence
Towards a reconciliation of mental model theory and probabilistic theories
Conditional inference and constraint satisfaction: Reconciling mental models and the probabilistic approach?
Towards a metacognitive dual process theory of conditional reasoning
A multi-layered dual-process approach to conditional reasoning
Two aspects of reasoning competence: A challenge for current accounts and a call for new conceptual tools, Guy Politzer
Epilogue
Open issues in the cognitive science of conditionals
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Cognition and Conditionals Probability and Logic in Human Thinking

Cognition and Conditionals Probability and Logic in Human Thinking

0199233292

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