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Classic Philosophical Questions

ISBN: 9780130830531 | 0130830534
Edition: 10th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 6/1/2000

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SummaryTable of Contents
For Introduction to Humanities courses and Introduction to Philosophy courses. A classic, proven through nine previous editions, this reader stimulates students' interest in philosophy through an innovative and appropriate sides of the argument presentation, with each reading representing a position on each of the fundamental philosophical questions. Using debate and argument as a vehicle, Classic Philosophical Questions simultaneously teaches students the fundamentals of philosophy while also demonstrating that philosophy is a discourse that has spanned centuries and stressing the importance of the philosophical debate. Sure to create lively in-class debates, the collection of readings offers both classic and contemporary readings that challenge students with the basic inquiries that philosophers have discussed for centuries.
Prefacexi
PART 1 Plato and the Trial of Socrates1(40)
Euthyphro: Defining Philosophical Terms
3(11)
The Apology, Phaedo, and Crito: Th... MORE
14(27)
PART 2 The Value of Philosophy41(10)
What Is the Value of Philosophy
Russell: The Value of Philosophy
43(8)
PART 3 Philosophical Methodologies51(26)
What Is the Best Approach to Philosophy?
Peirce: Four Approaches to Philosophy
53(12)
Feigl: The Scientific Approach
65(12)
PART 4 Philosophy of Religion77(54)
Can We Prove God Exists
St. Anselm: The Ontological Argument
79(7)
St. Thomas Aquinas: The Cosmological Argument
86(6)
Paley: The Teleological Argument
92(6)
Pascal: It Is Better to Believe in God's Existence Than to Deny It
98(7)
Kierkegaard: Faith, Not Logic, Is the Basis of Belief
105(7)
Does the Idea of a Good God Exclude Evil?
Hume: A Good God Would Exclude Evil
112(9)
Hick: God Can Allow Some Evil
121(10)
PART 5 Ethics131(138)
Are Humans Free
Holbach: Humans Are Determined
133(10)
James: Humans Are Free
143(11)
Are Ethics Relative
Benedict: Ethics Are Relative
154(8)
Stace: Ethics Are Not Relative
162(14)
Are Humans Always Selfish
Plato: Humans Are Always Selfish
176(4)
Rachels: Humans Are Not Always Selfish
180(13)
Which Is Basic In Ethics: Happiness or Obligation?
Aristotle: Happiness Is Living Virtuously
193(11)
Bentham: Happiness is Doing Good for All People
204(10)
Kant: Duty Is Prior to Happiness
214(16)
Nietzsche: Happiness Is Having Power
230(8)
Sartre: Existentialist Ethics
238(11)
Tong: Feminist Ethics Are Different
249(20)
PART 6 Knowledge269(100)
How Do We Acquire Knowledge
Descartes: Knowledge Is Not Ultimately Sense Knowledge
271(13)
Locke: Knowledge Is Ultimately Sensed
284(16)
Kant: Knowledge Is Both Rational and Empirical
300(10)
How Is Truth Established?
Russell: Truth Is Established by Correspondence
310(8)
Bradley: Truth Is Established by Coherence
318(7)
James: Truth Is Established on Pragmatic Grounds
325(9)
Can We Know the Nature of Causal Relations?
Hume: Cause Means Regular Association
334(9)
Hanson: Causes and Becauses
343(12)
Hume: There Are No Possible Grounds for Induction
355(14)
PART 7 Metaphysics369(68)
Of What Does Reality Consist
Descartes: Reality Consists of Mind and Matter
371(7)
Taylor: Reality Consists of Matter
378(15)
Berkeley: Reality Consists of Ideas
393(7)
Is Reality General or Particular
Plato: Universals Are Real
400(11)
Hume: Particulars Are Real
411(7)
Do Humans Have an Identical Self
Locke: Human Beings Have an Identical Self
418(11)
Hume: Human Beings Have No Identical Self
429(8)
PART 8 Social Philosophy437(32)
The Abortion Issue
English: Most Abortions Are Moral
439(12)
The Pornography Issue
Ward: Should Pornography Be Censored
451(11)
The Homosexuality Issue
Gould: Is Homosexuality Unnatural or Immoral
462(7)
PART 9 Political Philosophy469(88)
What Is Freedom?
Dostoevski: Freedom Is Authority
471(14)
Mill: Freedom Is Independence from the Majority's Tyranny
485(13)
Bartky: Women Are Not Free
498(15)
Which Government Is Best
Hobbes: Monarchy Is Best
513(9)
Locke: Liberal Democracy Is Best
522(8)
Marx: Communism and Nonalienated Labor Is Best
530(18)
Dewey: Social Democracy Is Best
548(9)
PART 10 Aesthetics557(52)
Are Artistic Judgements Subjective
Ducasse: Tastes Cannot Be Disputed
559(12)
Beardsley: Tastes Can Be Disputed
571(9)
What Is the Function of Art
Aristotle: Art Purges the Emotions
580(9)
Collingwood: Magic or Amusement?
589(20)
PART 11 The Meaning of Life609(28)
What Gives Life Meaning
Tolstoy: Faith Provides Life's Meaning
611(13)
Camus: Each Person Determines His or Her Life's Meaning
624(13)
Glossary637

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