Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Chemistry and Life: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

by: John Hill; Dorothy M. Feigl; Stuart J. Baum

Chemistry and Life: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

by: John Hill; Dorothy M. Feigl; Stuart J. Baum

ISBN 13:
9780135692943
ISBN 10:
0135692946
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/01/1996
Publisher: Prentice Hall Incorporated
Newer Edition

Rent

Sorry, this item is currently unavailable.

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

Extend or Purchase Your Rental at Any Time

Need to keep your rental past your due date? At any time before your due date you can extend or purchase your rental through your account.

Summary

Chemistry and life is an introduction to general, organic, and biological chemistry.

Preface

(3)

To the Student

xii

1 Matter and Measurement

(30)

1.1 Science and the Human Condition

(1)

1.2 Problems in Paradise

(1)

1.3 The Way Science Works--Sometimes

(1)

1.4 What Is Chemistry? Some Fundamental Concepts

(2)

1.5 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

(2)

1.6 Energy and Energy Conversion

(3)

1.7 Electric Forces

(1)

1.8 Measurement: The Modern Metric System

(4)

1.9 Measuring Energy: Temperature and Heat

(3)

1.10 Density

(2)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

(5)

Special Topic A Unit Conversions

(5)

A.1 Conversions Within a System

(2)

A.2 Conversions Between Systems

(1)

A.3 Density Problems

(2)

2 Atoms

(23)

2.1 Dalton's Atomic Theory

(1)

2.2 The Nuclear Atom

(4)

2.3 Nuclear Arithmetic

(2)

2.4 The Bohr Model of the Atom

(3)

2.5 Electron Configurations

(3)

2.6 The Periodic Table

(4)

2.7 Which Model to Use?

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

(4)

3 Nuclear Processes

(26)

3.1 Discovery of Radioactivity

(1)

3.2 Types of Radioactivity

(3)

3.3 Penetrating Power of Radiation

(2)

3.4 Radiation Measurement

(1)

3.5 Half-Life

(2)

3.6 Radioisotopic Dating

(2)

3.7 Artificial Transmutation and Induced Radioactivity

(2)

3.8 Fission and Fusion

(2)

3.9 Nuclear Medicine

(2)

3.10 Medical Imaging

(3)

3.11 Other Applications

(1)

3.12 The Nuclear Age Revisited

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

(4)

4 Chemical Bonds

(33)

4.1 The Art of Deduction: Stable Electron Configurations

(1)

4.2 Lewis (Electron Dot) Structures

(1)

4.3 Sodium Reacts with Chlorine: The Facts

(1)

4.4 The Sodium-Chlorine Reaction: Theory

(1)

4.5 Ionic Bonds: Some General Considerations

(1)

4.6 Names of Simple Ions and Ionic Compounds

(4)

4.7 Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs

(1)

4.8 Multiple Covalent Bonds

(1)

4.9 Unequal Sharing: Polar Covalent Bonds

(2)

4.10 Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and Methane

(1)

4.11 Names for Covalent Compounds

(1)

4.12 Polyatomic Ions

(3)

4.13 Electronegativity

(1)

4.14 Rules for Writing Lewis Formulas

(3)

4.15 Exceptions to the Octet Rule

101

(2)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

103

(4)

Special Topic B Molecular Shapes and Properties

107

(6)

B.1 The VESPR Theory

107

(2)

B.2 Polar and Nonpolar Molecules

109

(4)

5 Chemical Reactions

113

(31)

5.1 Balancing Chemical Equations

114

(3)

5.2 Volume Relationships in Chemical Equations

117

(2)

5.3 Avogadro's Number: 6.02 x 10 23

119

(1)

5.4 Molecular Weights and Formula Weights

119

(2)

5.5 Chemical Arithmetic and the Mole

121

(2)

5.6 Mole and Mass Relationships in Chemical Equations

123

(4)

5.7 Structure, Stability, and Spontaneity

127

(1)

5.8 Reversible Reactions

128

(2)

5.9 Reaction Rates: Collisions, Orientation, and Energy

130

(1)

5.10 Reaction Rates: The Effect of Temperature

131

(2)

5.11 Reaction Rates: Catalysis

133

(1)

5.12 Reaction Rates: The Effect of Concentration

134

(1)

5.13 Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions

135

(3)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

138

(6)

6 Oxidation and Reduction

144

(20)

6.1 Oxygen: Abundant and Essential

145

(1)

6.2 Chemical Properties of Oxygen: Oxidation

146

(2)

6.3 Hydrogen: A Reactive Lightweight Element

148

(2)

6.4 Oxidation and Reduction: Some Definitions

150

(5)

6.5 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

155

(1)

6.6 Some Common Oxidizing Agents

156

(2)

6.7 Some Reducing Agents of Interest

158

(2)

6.8 Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things

160

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

161

(3)

7 Gases

164

(26)

7.1 Air: A Mixture of Gases

165

(1)

7.2 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory

165

(2)

7.3 Atmospheric Pressure

167

(1)

7.4 Boyle's Law: The Pressure-Volume Relationship

168

(5)

7.5 Charles's Law: The Temperature-Volume Relationship

173

(3)

7.6 Avogadro's Law: The Molar Volume of a Gas

176

(1)

7.7 The Combined Gas Law

177

(2)

7.8 The Ideal Gas Law

179

(1)

7.9 Henry's Law: The Pressure-Solubility Relationship

180

(1)

7.10 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

181

(2)

7.11 Partial Pressures and Respiration

183

(2)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

185

(5)

8 Liquids and Solids

190

(23)

8.1 Sticky Molecules: Intermolecular Forces

191

(1)

8.2 Ionic Bonds as Forces Between Particles

192

(1)

8.3 Dipole Forces

193

(1)

8.4 Hydrogen Bonds

194

(2)

8.5 Dispersion Forces

196

(1)

8.6 The Liquid State

197

(1)

8.7 From Liquid to Gas: Vaporization

198

(4)

8.8 The Solid State

202

(3)

8.9 From Solid to Liquid: Melting (Fusion)

205

(2)

8.10 Water: A Most Unusual Liquid

207

(3)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

210

(3)

9 Solutions

213

(26)

9.1 Solutions: Definitions and Types

214

(1)

9.2 Qualitative Aspects of Solubility

214

(1)

9.3 Solubility of Ionic Compounds

215

(1)

9.4 Solubility of Covalent Compounds

216

(2)

9.5 Dynamic Equilibria

218

(3)

9.6 Solutions of Gases in Water

221

(1)

9.7 Molarity

222

(2)

9.8 Percent Concentrations

224

(2)

9.9 Colligative Properties of Solutions

226

(1)

9.10 Solutions and Cell Membranes: Osmosis

227

(4)

9.11 Colloids

231

(2)

9.12 Dialysis

233

(2)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

235

(4)

10 Acids and Bases I

239

(19)

10.1 Acids and Bases: Definitions and Properties

240

(2)

10.2 Strong and Weak Acids

242

(2)

10.3 Names of Some Common Acids

244

(1)

10.4 Some Common Bases

245

(2)

10.5 Acidic and Basic Anhydrides

247

(1)

10.6 Neutralization Reactions

248

(1)

10.7 Reactions of Acids with Carbonates and Bicarbonates

249

(2)

10.8 Antacids: A Basic Remedy

251

(3)

10.9 Acids, Bases, and Human Health

254

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

255

(3)

11 Acids and Bases II

258

(25)

11.1 Concentrations of Acids and Bases

259

(1)

11.2 Acid-Base Titrations

260

(3)

11.3 The pH Scale

263

(4)

11.4 Salts in Water: Acidic, Basic, or Neutral?

267

(2)

11.5 Buffers: Control of pH

269

(2)

11.6 Buffers in Blood

271

(1)

11.7 Acidosis and Alkalosis

272

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

273

(3)

Special Topic C Equilibrium Calculations

276

(7)

C.1 Equilibrium Constant Expressions

276

(1)

C.2 Ionization of Weak Acids

277

(2)

C.3 Equilibria Involving Weak Bases

279

(1)

C.4 Calculations Involving Buffers

279

(4)

12 Electrolytes

283

(33)

12.1 Early Electrochemistry

284

(1)

12.2 Electrical Conductivity

285

(1)

12.3 The Theory of Electrolytes: Ionization and Dissociation

286

(1)

12.4 Electrolysis: Chemical Change Caused by Electricity

287

(2)

12.5 Electrochemical Cells: Batteries

289

(5)

12.6 The Activity Series

294

(4)

12.7 Precipitation: The Solubility Product Relationship

298

(4)

12.8 The Salts of Life: Minerals

302

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

303

(3)

Special Topic D Inorganic Chemistry

306

(10)

D.1 Group 8A: The Noble Gases

306

(1)

D.2 Group 1A: The Alkali Metals

307

(1)

D.3 Group 2A: The Alkaline Earth Elements

308

(1)

D.4 Group 3A: Boron and Aluminum

308

(1)

D.5 Group 4A: Some Compounds of Carbon

308

(2)

D.6 Group 5A: Some Nitrogen Compounds

310

(1)

D.7 Group 6A: Compounds of Oxygen and Sulfur

311

(1)

D.8 Group 7A: The Halogens

312

(1)

D.9 The B Groups: Some Typical Transition Elements

313

(3)

13 Hydrocarbons

316

(45)

13.1 Organic Versus Inorganic

317

(1)

13.2 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons

318

(3)

13.3 Condensed Structural Formulas

321

(1)

13.4 Alkyl Groups

322

(1)

13.5 The Universal Language: IUPAC Nomenclature

323

(3)

13.6 Physical Properties of Alkanes

326

(2)

13.7 Physiological Properties of Alkanes

328

(1)

13.8 Chemical Properties of Alkanes: Little Affinity

329

(1)

13.9 Halogenated Hydrocarbons

329

(4)

13.10 Cycloalkanes

333

(1)

13.11 Alkenes: Structure and Nomenclature

334

(5)

13.12 Alkenes and Living Things

339

(1)

13.13 Chemical Properties of Alkenes

339

(2)

13.14 Polymerization

341

(4)

13.15 Alkynes

345

(1)

13.16 Benzene

345

(2)

13.17 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Structure and Nomenclature

347

(3)

13.18 Uses of Benzene and Benzene Derivatives

350

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

351

(6)

Special Topic E Petroleum

357

(4)

E.1 Natural Gas and Gasoline

357

(2)

E.2 The Octane Rating of Gasoline

359

(2)

14 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

361

(28)

14.1 The Functional Group

362

(2)

14.2 Classification and Nomenclature of Alcohols

364

(2)

14.3 Physical Properties of Alcohols

366

(3)

14.4 Preparation of Alcohols

369

(3)

14.5 Physiological Properties of Alcohols

372

(3)

14.6 Chemical Properties of Alcohols

375

(2)

14.7 Multifunctional Alcohols: Glycols and Glycerol

378

(2)

14.8 Phenols

380

(2)

14.9 Ethers

382

(2)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

384

(5)

15 Aldehydes and Ketones

389

(20)

15.1 The Carbonyl Group: A Carbon-Oxygen Double Bond

389

(1)

15.2 How to Name the Common Aldehydes

390

(3)

15.3 Naming the Common Ketones

393

(2)

15.4 Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones

395

(1)

15.5 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones

396

(2)

15.6 Chemical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones

398

(5)

15.7 Some Common Carbonyl Compounds

403

(2)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

405

(4)

16 Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

409

(37)

16.1 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: The Functional Groups

410

(1)

16.2 Some Common Carboxylic Acids: Structures and Names

411

(2)

16.3 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids

413

(1)

16.4 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

414

(1)

16.5 Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids: Neutralization

415

(2)

16.6 An Ester by Any Other Name...

417

(2)

16.7 Physical Properties of Esters

419

(1)

16.8 Preparation of Esters: Esterification

420

(2)

16.9 Chemical Properties of Esters: Hydrolysis

422

(1)

16.10 Esters of Phosphoric Acid

423

(2)

16.11 Amides: Structures and Names

425

(2)

16.12 Physical Properties of Amides

427

(1)

16.13 Synthesis of Amides

428

(1)

16.14 Chemical Properties of Amides: Hydrolysis

429

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

430

(3)

Special Topic F Drugs: Some Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides

436

(10)

F.1 Aspirin and Other Salicylates

436

(2)

F.2 Aspirin Substitutes and Combination Pain Relievers

438

(1)

F.3 Opium Alkaloids

439

(1)

F.4 Synthetic Narcotics: Analgesia and Addiction

440

(1)

F.5 A Natural High: The Brain's Own Opiates

441

(1)

F.6 LSD: A Hallucinogenic Drug

442

(1)

F.7 Marijuana: Some Chemistry of Cannabis

443

(3)

17 Amines and Derivatives

446

(27)

17.1 Structure and Classification of Amines

447

(1)

17.2 Naming Amines

448

(3)

17.3 Physical Properties of Amines

451

(1)

17.4 Amines as Bases

452

(1)

17.5 Other Chemical Properties of Amines

453

(2)

17.6 Heterocyclic Amines

455

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

456

(5)

Special Topic G Brain Amines and Related Drugs

461

(12)

G.1 Some Chemistry of the Nervous System

461

(1)

G.2 Brain Amines

462

(1)

G.3 Stimulant Drugs: Amphetamines

463

(2)

G.4 Caffeine, Nicotine, and Cocaine

465

(1)

G.5 Local Anesthetics

466

(1)

G.6 Barbiturates: Sedation, Sleep, and Synergism

467

(1)

G.7 Dissociative Anesthetics: Ketamine and PCP

468

(1)

G.8 Antianxiety Agents

469

(1)

G.9 Antipsychotic Agents

470

(1)

G.10 Antidepressants

470

(3)

18 Stereoisomerism

473

(28)

18.1 Polarized Light and Optical Activity

474

(3)

18.2 Chiral Centers

477

(5)

18.3 Multiple Chiral Centers

482

(3)

18.4 Geometric Isomerism (Cis-Trans Isomerism)

485

(4)

18.5 Biochemical Significance

489

(3)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

492

(5)

Special Topic H Molecules to See and Smell

497

(4)

H.1 Vision: Cis-Trans Isomerism

497

(1)

H.2 Odors: The Shapes of Things We Smell

498

(3)

19 Carbohydrates

501

(24)

19.1 Carbohydrates: Definitions and Classifications

502

(1)

19.2 Monosaccharides: General Terminology

503

(1)

19.3 Stereochemistry

503

(2)

19.4 Hexoses

505

(2)

19.5 Monosaccharides: Cyclic Structures

507

(2)

19.6 Properties of Some Monosaccharides

509

(2)

19.7 Disaccharides

511

(5)

19.8 Polysaccharides

516

(4)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

520

(5)

20 Lipids

525

(37)

20.1 What Is a Lipid?

526

(1)

20.2 Fatty Acids

527

(1)

20.3 Fats and Oils

528

(2)

20.4 Properties of Fats and Oils

530

(2)

20.5 Soaps

532

(3)

20.6 Waxes

535

(1)

20.7 Phospholipids and Glycolipids

536

(3)

20.8 Cell Membranes

539

(3)

20.9 Steroids: Cholesterol and Bile Salts

542

(2)

20.10 Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease

544

(4)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

548

(4)

Special Topic I Hormones

552

(10)

I.1 The Endocrine System

552

(1)

I.2 Adrenocortical Hormones

553

(2)

I.3 Sex Hormones and Anabolic Steroids

555

(2)

I.4 Conception and Contraceptives

557

(2)

I.5 Estrogen Replacement Therapy

559

(1)

I.6 Prostaglandins

560

(2)

21 Proteins

562

(33)

21.1 Amino Acids

563

(4)

21.2 General Properties of Amino Acids

567

(1)

21.3 Reactions of Amino Acids

568

(2)

21.4 The Peptide Bond

570

(3)

21.5 The Sequence of Amino Acids

573

(1)

21.6 Some Peptides of Interest

573

(2)

21.7 Classification of Proteins

575

(1)

21.8 Structure of Proteins

576

(2)

21.9 Secondary Structure of Proteins

578

(1)

21.10 Tertiary Structure of Proteins

579

(4)

21.11 Quaternary Structure of Proteins

583

(3)

21.12 Electrochemical Properties of Proteins

586

(1)

21.13 Denaturation of Proteins

587

(4)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

591

(4)

22 Enzymes

595

(36)

22.1 Classification and Naming of Enzymes

596

(1)

22.2 Characteristics of Enzymes

597

(1)

22.3 Mode of Enzyme Action

598

(4)

22.4 Specificity of Enzymes

602

(1)

22.5 Factors That Influence Enzyme Activity

603

(3)

22.6 Enzyme Inhibition: Poisons

606

(5)

22.7 Chemotherapy

611

(5)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

616

(3)

Special Topic J Vitamins

619

(12)

J.1 What Are Vitamins?

619

(1)

J.2 Vitamin A

620

(1)

J.3 Vitamin D

621

(1)

J.4 Vitamin E

622

(1)

J.5 Vitamin K

623

(1)

J.6 The B Complex

623

(5)

J.7 Vitamin C

628

(3)

23 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

631

(42)

23.1 The Building Blocks: Sugars, Phosphates, and Bases

632

(5)

23.2 The Base Sequence: Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids

637

(2)

23.3 Base Pairing and the Double Helix: Secondary Structure of DNA

639

(1)

23.4 DNA: Self-Replication

640

(3)

23.5 RNA: The Different Ribonucleic Acids

643

(3)

23.6 Protein Synthesis

646

(5)

23.7 The Genetic Code

651

(1)

23.8 Mutations and Genetic Diseases

652

(5)

23.9 Genetic Engineering: Biotechnology

657

(4)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

661

(4)

Special Topic K Viruses and Cancer

665

(8)

K.1 The Nature of Viruses

665

(1)

K.2 Antiviral Drugs

666

(1)

K.3 Cancer and Its Causes

667

(1)

K.4 Chemical Carcinogens

668

(2)

K.5 Testing for Carcinogens

670

(1)

K.6 Chemicals Against Cancer

670

(1)

K.7 Miscellaneous Anticancer Agents

671

(2)

24 Carbohydrate Metabolism I

673

(30)

24.1 ATP: Universal Energy Currency

675

(3)

24.2 Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates

678

(2)

24.3 Blood Glucose

680

(1)

24.4 Hormonal Regulation of Blood Sugar Level

681

(4)

24.5 Embden-Meyerhof Pathway

685

(8)

24.6 Glycolysis

693

(2)

24.7 Fermentation

695

(2)

24.8 Reversal of Glycolysis and Fermentation

697

(1)

24.9 Bioenergetics of Glycolysis and Fermentation

697

(1)

24.10 Storage of Chemical Energy

698

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

699

(4)

25 Carbohydrate Metabolism II

703

(19)

25.1 The Krebs Cycle

704

(5)

25.2 Respiratory Chain: Electron-Transport Chain

709

(4)

25.3 Oxidative Phosphorylation

713

(1)

25.4 Energy Yield of Carbohydrate Metabolism

714

(2)

25.5 Muscle Power

716

(3)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

719

(3)

26 Lipid Metabolism

722

(22)

26.1 Fats as Fuels

723

(1)

26.2 Digestion and Absorption of Lipids

724

(2)

26.3 Fat Depots

726

(1)

26.4 Fatty Acid Oxidation

727

(5)

26.5 Bioenergetics of Fatty Acid Oxidation

732

(1)

26.6 Glycerol Metabolism

733

(2)

26.7 Ketosis

735

(1)

26.8 Obesity, Exercise, and Diets

736

(5)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

741

(3)

27 Protein Metabolism

744

(19)

27.1 Digestion and Absorption of Proteins

745

(2)

27.2 Nitrogen Balance

747

(1)

27.3 The Essential Amino Acids

747

(2)

27.4 The Chemistry of Starvation

749

(2)

27.5 Amino Acid Metabolism

751

(7)

27.6 Storage of Nitrogen

758

(1)

27.7 Excretion of Nitrogen

758

(1)

27.8 Relationships Among the Metabolic Pathways

759

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

760

(3)

28 Body Fluids

763

28.1 Blood: An Introduction

764

(1)

28.2 Electrolytes in Plasma and Erythrocytes

764

(2)

28.3 Proteins in the Plasma

766

(1)

28.4 The Formed Elements

766

(3)

28.5 The Immune Response

769

(1)

28.6 Osmotic Pressure

770

(2)

28.7 Blood Pressure

772

(1)

28.8 Clotting of Blood

773

(2)

28.9 Hemoglobin: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

775

(4)

28.10 Blood Buffers

779

(1)

28.11 Lymph: A Secondary Transport System

780

(1)

28.12 Urine: Formation and Composition

780

(2)

28.13 Sweat

782

(1)

28.14 Tears: The Chemistry of Crying

782

(1)

28.15 The Chemistry of Mother's Milk

783

(1)

Summary, Review Questions, Problems

784

Appendix I The International System of Measurement

A-1

(1)

Appendix II Exponential Notation

A-2

(3)

Appendix III Significant Figures

A-5

(3)

Appendix IV Glossary

A-8

(12)

Answers to Practice Exercises, Selected Review Questions, and Selected Problems

A-20

(12)

Credits for Photographs

A-32

Index

I-1

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Chemistry and Life: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Chemistry and Life: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

9780135692943

0135692946

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Chemistry and Life: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Chemistry and Life: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

9780135692943

0135692946

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Related Products