Rent 9780133279580 | The Challenge of Third World Development

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Preface	p. xiii
Understanding Underdevelopment	p. 1
Third World Commonalities: The Nature of Underdevelopment	p. 2
Economic Underdevelopment	p. 3
Social Underdevelopment	p. 5
Political Underdevelopment	p. 8
Some Relationships among the Components of Development	p. 10
The Causes of Underdevelopment	p. 11
Modernization Theory and the I... MOREmportance of Cultural Values	p. 12
Dependency Theory	p. 15
Modernization and Dependency Theory Compared	p. 16
Contemporary Perspectives	p. 18
Discussion Questions	p. 19
Notes	p. 19
Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy	p. 22
Democracy Defined	p. 24
Democratic Transition and Consolidation	p. 25
Authoritarian Beginnings	p. 26
Justifying Authoritarian Rule	p. 27
The Third Wave and Its Effect on the Third World	p. 28
International Causes and Consequences of the Third Wave	p. 30
The Prerequisites of Democracy in Individual Countries	p. 31
Social and Economic Modernization	p. 32
Class Structure	p. 33
Political Culture	p. 34
How Do Democracies Perform? Public Policy Compared	p. 38
Conclusion: Democratic Consolidation	p. 40
Discussion Questions	p. 41
Notes	p. 42
Religion and Politics	p. 45
The Meeting of Church and State	p. 46
Great Religions of the Third World	p. 47
Religion, Modernity, and Secularization	p. 48
Structural and Theological Bases of Church-State Relations	p. 50
Islam	p. 51
Catholicism	p. 52
Hinduism and Buddhism	p. 53
Religious Fundamentalism: Islam and Hinduism	p. 54
Defining and Explaining Fundamentalism	p. 55
Fundamentalists: Radical and Conservative	p. 55
"Sacred Rage and the Iranian Revolution": Radical Fundamentalism as a Reaction to Western-Style Modernization	p. 56
Al Qaeda and Militant Islamic Fundamentalism	p. 59
Radical Hindu Fundamentalism	p. 63
The Progressive Catholic Church	p. 65
Religion and Politics in the Developing World: Looking to the Future	p. 68
Conclusion: Religion and Democracy	p. 70
Discussion Questions	p. 71
Notes	p. 71
The Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict	p. 76
Defining Ethnicity	p. 78
Ethnic and State Boundaries	p. 80
Types of Ethnic-Cultural Divisions	p. 81
Nationality	p. 81
Tribe	p. 83
Race	p. 85
Religion	p. 88
Independence, Modernization, and Ethnic Conflict	p. 91
Levels of Interethnic Conflict	p. 92
Relative Harmony	p. 92
Uneasy Balance	p. 93
Enforced Hierarchy (Ethnic Dominance)	p. 94
Systematic Violence	p. 96
Outcomes and Resolutions	p. 96
Power Sharing: Federalism and Consociationalism	p. 97
Secession	p. 99
Outside Intervention	p. 100
Outside Intervention in Iraq: The Effect of the U.S. Occupation on Ethnic Relations	p. 103
Settlement through Exhaustion	p. 105
Toward a Peaceful Resolution of Conflict	p. 105
Conclusion: Ethnic Pluralism and Democracy	p. 106
Discussion Questions	p. 108
Notes	p. 109
Women and Development	p. 114
The Political and Socioeconomic Status of Third World Women	p. 115
Westernization, Modernization, and the Economic Status of Women	p. 118
Women in the Countryside	p. 120
Urbanization and the Status of Women	p. 121
Women and Politics	p. 123
Women's Political Activism at the Grass Roots	p. 125
Women as National Political Leaders	p. 128
Reserved Seats and Quotas: Female Representation in Parliament and the Cabinet	p. 131
Women and Revolutionary Change	p. 137
The Status of Women: The Roles of Modernization, Globalization, and Regime Type	p. 139
Conclusion: Democracy and the Role of Women in Society	p. 141
Discussion Questions	p. 142
Notes	p. 143
Agrarian Reform and the Politics of Rural Change	p. 148
Rural Class Structures	p. 149
Peasant Politics	p. 150
The Politics of Agrarian Reform	p. 153
Patterns of Land Concentration	p. 154
The Case for Agrarian Reform	p. 154
Types of Agrarian Reform	p. 157
Externally Imposed Reform	p. 157
Revolutionary Transformation	p. 158
Moderate Reformism	p. 161
The Limits of Agrarian Reform	p. 162
Other Approaches and Issues	p. 164
Crop Pricing	p. 164
Conclusion: Democracy and Rural Reform	p. 165
Discussion Questions	p. 166
Notes	p. 166
Rapid Urbanization and the Politics of the Urban Poor	p. 170
The Political Consequences of Urban Growth	p. 173
The Struggle for Employment	p. 173
The Struggle for Housing among the Urban Poor	p. 177
Public Housing and the Role of the State	p. 178
Spontaneous Housing	p. 180
Sites-and-Services Programs	p. 181
The Struggle Against Urban Crime	p. 182
The Politics of the Urban Poor: Conflicting Images	p. 183
Forms of Political Expression among the Urban Poor	p. 187
Individual Political Behavior	p. 187
Collective Goals: Housing and Urban Services	p. 188
Radical Political Behavior	p. 191
Conclusion: Future Urban Growth and Democratic Politics	p. 192
Discussion Questions	p. 193
Notes	p. 193
Revolutionary Change	p. 198
Defining Revolution	p. 199
Underlying Causes of Revolution	p. 201
Inexorable Historical Forces	p. 201
Regime Decay	p. 202
Challenge from Below	p. 204
Causes of Revolution: A Summary	p. 207
Levels of Popular Support	p. 208
Peasants as Revolutionaries	p. 210
Why Peasants Rebel	p. 211
Which Peasants Rebel	p. 211
Revolutionary Leadership	p. 212
Revolutionaries in Power	p. 214
Conclusion: Revolutionary Change and Democracy	p. 217
Discussion Questions	p. 219
Notes	p. 219
Soldiers and Politics	p. 223
The Causes of Military Intervention	p. 225
The Nature of the Armed Forces	p. 225
The Nature of Civil Society	p. 226
Progressive Soldiers and Military Conservatives	p. 229
The Goals of Military Regimes	p. 231
Personalistic Regimes	p. 231
Institutional Military Regimes	p. 233
The Accomplishments and Failures of Military Regimes	p. 237
Combating Corruption	p. 237
Defending Corporate Interests	p. 238
Patterns in Military Spending	p. 239
Establishing Stability	p. 242
Economic Development	p. 243
Military Withdrawal from Politics	p. 245
New Roles for the Armed Forces	p. 247
Conclusion: Democracy and the Military	p. 247
Discussion Questions	p. 249
Notes	p. 249
The Political Economy of Third World Development	p. 253
The Role of the State	p. 254
The Command Economy	p. 255
Latin American Statism	p. 257
East Asia's Developmental State	p. 261
The Neoclassical Ideal	p. 263
Finding a Proper Role for the State	p. 265
Industrialization Strategies	p. 265
Import-Substituting Industrialization (ISI)	p. 266
Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI)	p. 268
East and Southeast Asia's Economic Crisis	p. 269
The Onset of the Crisis	p. 269
Causes of the Asian Crisis	p. 270
Consequences of the 1997 Crash	p. 271
Implications for East Asia's Growth Model	p. 271
East Asia's Recovery	p. 272
Growth with Equity	p. 273
Economic Development and the Environment	p. 277
The Costs of Growth	p. 277
Environmental Decay as a Third World Problem	p. 278
Environmental Decay in the LDCs as a Global Problem	p. 279
The Search for Sustainable Development	p. 279
Some Signs of Progress	p. 281
Finding the Right Mix	p. 282
Conclusion: Democracy and Economic Development	p. 283
Discussion Questions	p. 283
Notes	p. 284
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