This revision of a respected volume collects current empirical research unique to the experiences and situations of black children and their parents. As the editor emphasizes, "African American children develop a duality for their existence. To be fully functional, they must develop the skills to do well simultaneously in two different cultures, both black and non-black." This volume explores the meaning of this duality in four distinct environments: socioeconomic, parental, internal, and educational. The complex picture that results explodes many of the myths that surround black childhood development. Taken together, the entries in this volume provide valuable information for those who are concerned about the optimal growth and development of Black children.Features//Benefits:· A theme of resiliency-that black children can and do thrive despite being surrounded by an array of risk factors-underscores positive aspects of black child development while not neglecting the potential for negative and detrimental development. The goal is to avoid presenting Black children in the light of either negative or positive stereotypes, but to highlight the complexities and diversities of the Black American experience.· Entries present empirical and conceptual studies to provide real-life databased analyses of the lives of African American children in an attempt to offset stereotypical views too often perpetuated within the child development literature.· Entries are grouped into four thematic units to reflect the significant environments within the lives of Black children: Perspectives of African American Parenting, Racial Messages, Educational Environments of Children, and Conflict in African American Children.New to This Edition:· The Second Edition has been updated with new entries reflecting new research, contemporary theory, and modern interventions.New chapters on social settings explore how violence is becoming a much more significant element in the environments in which children live.