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Human Development : A Life-Span View (with InfoTrac)

ISBN: 9780534597511 | 0534597513
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Pub. Date: 6/20/2003

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SummaryTable of Contents
Skilled and enthusiastic authors, Kail and Cavanaugh bring their expertise in child development (Kail) and adulthood/aging (Cavanaugh) to bear on the story of the human lifespan. The authors employ a four-part structure to deliver, in 16 manageable chapters, a streamlined account of childhood, the school years, early adulthood, and beyond. This structure eliminates the redundancy found in traditional texts that describe the lifespan in a chronological fashion. As a result, readers experience an accurate and lively depiction of development that ... MORE
The Study of Human Development
2(42)
How to Use This Book
4(3)
Learning and Study Aids
... MORE4(1)
Terminology
5(1)
Organization
6(1)
Thinking About Development
7(6)
Recurring Issues in Human Development
7(2)
Basic Forces in Human Development: The Biopsychosocial Framework
9(4)
Forces in Action
In Search of the Whole Person
13(1)
Developmental Theories
13(14)
Current Controversies
Who Needs Theories Anyway?
14(1)
Psychodynamic Theory
15(2)
Learning Theory
17(1)
Cognitive-Developmental Theory
18(3)
The Ecological and Systems Approach
21(1)
Life-Span Perspective, Selective Optimization with Compensation, and Life Course Perspective
22(4)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Sarah and Elizabeth Delany
26(1)
The Big Picture
27(1)
Doing Developmental Research
27(17)
Measurement in Human Development Research
28(3)
General Designs for Research
31(2)
Designs for Studying Development
33(2)
Spotlight on Research
Mapping Memory Across Adulthood
35(1)
Conducting Research Ethically
36(2)
Communicating Research Results
38(1)
Applying Research Results: Social Policy
38(1)
Putting It All Together
39(1)
Summary
40(1)
Key Terms
41(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
42(1)
Learn More About It
42(2)
PART I Prenatal Development, Infancy, and Early Childhood
Biological Foundations
44(40)
Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth
In the Beginning: 23 Pairs of Chromosomes
46(11)
Mechanisms of Heredity
46(6)
Genetic Disorders
52(1)
Heredity Is Not Destiny: Genes and Environments
53(3)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Ben and Matt Pick Their Niches
56(1)
From Conception to Birth
57(6)
Period of the Zygote (weeks 1--2)
58(1)
Current Controversies
Conception in the 21st Century
58(2)
Period of the Embryo (weeks 3--8)
60(1)
Period of the Fetus (weeks 9--38)
61(2)
Influences on Prenatal Development
63(12)
General Risk Factors
64(2)
Teratogens: Drugs, Diseases, and Environmental Hazards
66(2)
Spotlight on Research
Impact of Prenatal Exposure to PCBs on Cognitive Functioning
68(2)
How Teratogens Influence Prenatal Development
70(2)
Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment
72(3)
Labor and Delivery
75(9)
Stages of Labor
75(1)
Approaches to Childbirth
76(1)
Birth Complications
77(2)
Forces in Action
What Determines Life Outcomes for Low-Birth-Weight Babies?
79(1)
Infant Mortality
79(1)
Putting It All Together
80(1)
Summary
80(2)
Key Terms
82(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
83(1)
Learn More About It
83(1)
Tools for Exploring the World
84(44)
Physical Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
The Newborn
86(7)
The Newborn's Reflexes
86(1)
Assessing the Newborn
87(1)
The Newborn's States
88(3)
Temperament
91(2)
Physical Development
93(11)
Growth of the Body
93(5)
Forces in Action
Fostering Development in Malnourished Children
98(1)
The Emerging Nervous System
98(6)
Moving and Grasping---Early Motor Skills
104(7)
Locomotion
104(4)
Fine Motor Skills
108(3)
Coming to Know the World: Perception
111(9)
Smell and Taste
111(1)
Touch and Pain
112(1)
Hearing
112(1)
Seeing
113(4)
Integrating Sensory Information
117(1)
Spotlight on Research
Infants Attend to Intersensory Redundancy
118(2)
Becoming Self-Aware
120(8)
Origins of Self-Concept
120(2)
Theory of Mind
122(1)
Real People: Applying Human Development
``Seeing Is Believing...'' for 3-Year-Olds
123(1)
Putting It All Together
124(1)
Summary
124(2)
Key Terms
126(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
126(1)
Learn More About It
126(2)
The Emergence of Thought and Language
128(44)
Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
The Onset of Thinking: Piaget's Account
130(15)
Basic Principles of Cognitive Development
130(2)
Sensorimotor Thinking
132(2)
Preoperational Thinking
134(1)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Christine, Egocentrism, and Animism
135(3)
Spotlight on Research
Finding Toys in a Shrunken Room
138(2)
Evaluating Piaget's Theory
140(3)
Extending Piaget's Account: Children's Naive Theories
143(2)
Information Processing During Infancy and Early Childhood
145(8)
General Principles of Information Processing
146(1)
Attention
146(1)
Learning
147(1)
Memory
148(2)
Current Controversies
Preschoolers on the Witness Stand
150(1)
Understanding Number
151(2)
Mind and Culture: Vygotsky's Theory
153(2)
The Zone of Proximal Development
153(1)
Scaffolding
154(1)
Private Speech
154(1)
Language
155(17)
The Road to Speech
156(3)
First Words and Many More
159(5)
Speaking in Sentences: Grammatical Development
164(1)
Forces in Action
How Children Learn Grammar
165(1)
Communicating with Others
166(2)
Putting It All Together
168(1)
Summary
168(2)
Key Terms
170(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
171(1)
Learn More About It
171(1)
Entering the Social World
172(40)
Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
Beginnings: Trust and Attachment
174(9)
Erikson's Stages of Early Psychosocial Development
174(1)
The Growth of Attachment
175(4)
Forces in Action
What Determines Quality of Attachment?
179(1)
Attachment, Work, and Alternative Caregiving
180(2)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Lois, Bill, and Sarah
182(1)
Emerging Emotions
183(6)
Experiencing and Expressing Emotions
183(4)
Recognizing and Using Others' Emotions
187(1)
Regulating Emotions
188(1)
Interacting with Others
189(10)
The Joys of Play
189(4)
Learning to Cooperate
193(1)
Helping Others
194(1)
Spotlight on Research
Are Empathic Children More Likely to Help?
195(4)
Gender Roles and Gender Identity
199(13)
Images of Men and Women: Facts and Fantasy
199(2)
Gender Typing
201(3)
Evolving Gender Roles
204(2)
Putting It All Together
206(1)
Summary
207(1)
Key Terms
208(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
208(1)
Learn More About It
209(3)
PART II School--Age Children and Adolescents
Off to School
212(44)
Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Cognitive Development
214(5)
More Sophisticated Thinking: Piaget's Version
214(2)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Combinatorial Reasoning Goes to the Races
216(1)
Information-Processing Strategies for Learning and Remembering
217(2)
Aptitudes for School
219(12)
Theories of Intelligence
220(4)
Binet and the Development of Intelligence Testing
224(1)
Do Tests Work?
225(1)
Hereditary and Environmental Factors
226(2)
The Impact of Ethnicity and Social Class
228(3)
Special Children, Special Needs
231(7)
Gifted and Creative Children
231(1)
Children with Mental Retardation
232(2)
Learning Disabilities
234(1)
Spotlight on Research
Improving Reading Skill in Children with a Reading Disability
234(2)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
236(1)
Forces in Action
Treating ADHD
237(1)
Academic Skills
238(8)
Reading
238(3)
Writing
241(2)
Math Skills
243(1)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Shin-ying Loves School
244(2)
Learning in School
246(10)
Grading U.S. Schools
247(1)
Effective Schools, Effective Teachers
248(2)
Current Controversies
Computers in the Classroom
250(2)
Putting It All Together
252(1)
Summary
252(2)
Key Terms
254(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
255(1)
Learn More About It
255(1)
Expanding Social Horizons
256(44)
Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
Family Relationships
258(17)
The Family As a System
258(1)
Dimensions and Styles of Parenting
259(6)
Siblings
265(1)
Forces in Action
When Do Siblings Get Along?
266(2)
Divorce and Remarriage
268(4)
Parent-Child Relationships Gone Awry: Child Abuse
272(3)
Peers
275(9)
Friendships
276(2)
Groups
278(2)
Popularity and Rejection
280(1)
Spotlight on Research
Long-Term Consequences of Popularity and Rejection
281(3)
Television: Boob Tube or Window on the World?
284(6)
Influence on Attitudes and Social Behavior
284(4)
Influences on Cognition
288(1)
Criticisms of TV
289(1)
Understanding Others
290(10)
Describing Others
290(1)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Tell Me About a Girl That You Like a Lot
290(2)
Understanding What Others Think
292(1)
Prejudice
293(2)
Putting It All Together
295(1)
Summary
296(2)
Key Terms
298(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
298(1)
Learn More About It
298(2)
Rites of Passage
300(34)
Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Pubertal Changes
302(7)
Signs of Physical Maturation
302(2)
Mechanisms of Maturation
304(1)
Psychological Impact of Puberty
305(4)
Health
309(7)
Nutrition
309(3)
Forces in Action
What Causes Anorexia and Bulimia?
312(1)
Physical Fitness
312(2)
Threats to Adolescent Well-Being
314(2)
Information Processing During Adolescence
316(5)
How Does Information Processing Improve in Adolescence?
316(2)
Limits on Information Processing
318(1)
Spotlight on Research
Beliefs Can Interfere with Effective Reasoning
319(2)
Reasoning About Moral Issues
321(13)
Kohlberg's Theory
321(2)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Schindler's List
323(3)
Cultural Differences in Moral Reasoning
326(1)
Beyond Kohlberg's Theory
327(2)
Promoting Moral Reasoning
329(1)
Putting It All Together
330(1)
Summary
331(1)
Key Terms
332(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
332(1)
Learn More About It
332(2)
Moving into the Adult Social World
334(38)
Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
Identity and Self-Esteem
336(9)
The Search for Identity
336(4)
Ethnic Identity
340(1)
Self-Esteem in Adolescence
341(1)
Spotlight on Research
Developmental Change in Self-Esteem in Different Domains
341(2)
Influences on Adolescents' Self-Esteem
343(1)
The Myth of Storm and Stress
344(1)
Romantic Relationships and Sexuality
345(6)
Dating
346(1)
Sexual Behavior
346(2)
Sexual Orientation
348(1)
Date Rape
349(2)
The World of Work
351(6)
Career Development
351(1)
Real People: Applying Human Development
``The Life of Lynne,'' A Drama in Three Acts
352(3)
Part-Time Employment
355(2)
The Dark Side
357(15)
Drug Use
358(2)
Depression
360(3)
Delinquency
363(3)
Current Controversies
When Juveniles Commit Serious Crimes, Should They Be Tried as Adults?
366(1)
Putting It All Together
367(1)
Summary
367(2)
Key Terms
369(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
369(1)
Learn More About It
369(3)
PART III Young and Middle Adulthood
Becoming an Adult
372(40)
Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development
When Does Adulthood Begin?
374(6)
Role Transitions Marking Adulthood
375(1)
Going to College
376(1)
Psychological Views
377(1)
So When Do People Become Adults?
378(1)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Britney Spears' Transition to Adulthood
379(1)
Physical Development and Health
380(9)
Growth, Strength, and Physical Functioning
380(1)
Health Status
381(1)
Lifestyle Factors
382(1)
Current Controversies
Binge Drinking on College Campuses
383(4)
Social, Gender, and Ethnic Issues in Health
387(1)
Forces in Action
Healthy Adulthood
388(1)
Cognitive Development
389(14)
How Should We View Intelligence in Adults?
390(1)
What Happens to Intelligence in Adulthood?
390(1)
Spotlight on Research
The Seattle Longitudinal Study
391(4)
Going Beyond Formal Operations: Thinking in Adulthood
395(4)
The Role of Stereotypes in Thinking
399(4)
Who Do You Want to Be? Personality in Young Adulthood
403(9)
Creating Scenarios and Life Stories
404(1)
Possible Selves
405(1)
Self-Concept
406(1)
Personal Control Beliefs
407(2)
Putting It All Together
409(1)
Summary
409(1)
Key Terms
410(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
411(1)
Learn More About It
411(1)
Being with Others
412(36)
Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood
Relationships
414(9)
Friendships
414(2)
Love Relationships
416(2)
Spotlight on Research
The Mating Game Around the World
418(2)
Forces in Action
Influences on Relationships in Adulthood
420(1)
The Dark Side of Relationships: Violence
421(2)
Lifestyles
423(10)
Singlehood
424(1)
Cohabitation
425(2)
Gay and Lesbian Couples
427(1)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Maggie O'Carroll's Story
427(1)
Marriage
428(5)
The Family Life Cycle
433(5)
Deciding Whether to Have Children
433(1)
The Parental Role
434(4)
Divorce and Remarriage
438(10)
Divorce
439(2)
Current Controversies
``Covenant Marriage'': A Way to Keep Couples Together?
441(3)
Remarriage
444(1)
Putting It All Together
445(1)
Summary
445(1)
Key Terms
446(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
446(1)
Learn More About It
447(1)
Work and Leisure
448(40)
Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood
Occupational Selection and Development
450(10)
The Meaning of Work
450(1)
Holland's Theory of Occupational Choice Revisited
451(1)
Occupational Development
452(4)
Job Satisfaction
456(1)
Spotlight on Research
The Connection Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover
456(4)
Gender, Ethnicity, and Discrimination Issues
460(9)
Gender Differences in Occupational Selection
461(1)
Women and Occupational Development
462(1)
Ethnicity and Occupational Development
463(1)
Bias and Discrimination
464(3)
Current Controversies
Is It Sexual Harassment?
467(2)
Occupational Transitions
469(5)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Changing Occupations to Find Satisfying Work
470(1)
Retraining Workers
471(1)
Occupational Insecurity
472(1)
Coping with Unemployment
472(2)
Work and Family
474(7)
The Dependent Care Dilemma
474(3)
Juggling Multiple Roles
477(4)
Time to Relax: Leisure Activities
481(7)
Types of Leisure Activities
481(1)
Developmental Changes in Leisure
482(1)
Consequences of Leisure Activities
483(1)
Forces in Action
How Do You Spell Relief?
483(1)
Putting It All Together
484(1)
Summary
485(1)
Key Terms
486(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
486(1)
Learn More About It
487(1)
Making It in Midlife
488(42)
The Unique Challenges of Middle Adulthood
Physical Changes and Health
490(12)
Changes in Appearance
491(1)
Changes in Bones and Joints
492(2)
Reproductive Changes
494(1)
Current Controversies
Having Babies After Menopause
495(3)
Stress and Health
498(3)
Exercise
501(1)
Cognitive Development
502(7)
Practical Intelligence
503(2)
Forces in Action
The Mechanics and Pragmatics of Intelligence
505(1)
Becoming an Expert
506(1)
Lifelong Learning
507(1)
Real People: Applying Human Development
College at Midlife
508(1)
Personality
509(6)
Stability Is the Rule: The Five-Factor Model
510(1)
Change Is the Rule: Changing Priorities in Midlife
511(4)
Family Dynamics and Middle Age
515(15)
Letting Go: Middle-Aged Adults and Their Children
516(2)
Spotlight on Research
How Do You Think Your Children Turned Out?
518(2)
Giving Back: Middle-Aged Adults and Their Aging Parents
520(3)
Grandparenthood
523(2)
Putting It All Together
525(1)
Summary
526(1)
Key Terms
527(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
528(1)
Learn More About It
528(2)
PART IV Late Adulthood
The Personal Context of Later Life
530(44)
Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues
What Are Older Adults Like?
532(7)
The Demographics of Aging
532(3)
How Long Will You Live?
535(3)
The Third-Fourth Age Distinction
538(1)
Physical Changes and Health
539(11)
Biological Theories of Aging
540(1)
Physiological Changes
541(8)
Health Issues
549(1)
Cognitive Processes
550(11)
Information Processing
551(1)
Current Controversies
Information Processing in Everyday Life: Older Drivers
552(2)
Memory
554(4)
Creativity and Wisdom
558(2)
Forces in Action
Cognitive Changes in Later Life
560(1)
Mental Health and Intervention
561(13)
Depression
562(2)
Anxiety Disorders
564(1)
Dementia: Alzheimer's Disease
564(1)
Real People: Applying Human Development
What's the Matter with Mary?
564(4)
Spotlight on Research
What's Her Name? Memory Training in Alzheimer's Disease
568(2)
Putting It All Together
570(1)
Summary
570(2)
Key Terms
572(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
572(1)
Learn More About It
572(2)
Social Aspects of Later Life
574(44)
Psychological, Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues
Theories of Psychosocial Aging
576(4)
Continuity Theory
576(1)
Competence and Environmental Press
577(2)
Real People: Applying Human Development
Still Flying at 91
579(1)
Personality, Social Cognition, and Spirituality
580(6)
Integrity Versus Despair
580(1)
Well-Being and Social Cognition
581(1)
Spotlight on Research
Understanding the Influences on Subjective Well-Being
581(3)
Religiosity and Spiritual Support
584(2)
I Used to Work at . . .: Living in Retirement
586(5)
What Does Being Retired Mean?
587(1)
Why Do People Retire?
588(1)
Adjustment to Retirement
589(1)
Keeping Busy in Retirement
590(1)
Friends and Family in Late Life
591(8)
Friends and Siblings
592(1)
Forces in Action
Who Is Your Friend?
593(1)
Marriage and Gay and Lesbian Partnerships
594(1)
Caring for a Partner
595(2)
Widowhood
597(1)
Great-Grandparenthood
598(1)
Social Issues and Aging
599(19)
Frail Older Adults
600(2)
Living in Nursing Homes
602(4)
Elder Abuse and Neglect
606(2)
Politics, Social Security, and Medicare
608(2)
Current Controversies
Saving Social Security
610(3)
Putting It All Together
613(1)
Summary
613(2)
Key Terms
615(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
616(1)
Learn More About It
616(2)
The Final Passage
618(39)
Dying and Bereavement
Definitions and Ethical Issues
620(7)
Sociocultural Definitions of Death
620(2)
Legal and Medical Definitions
622(1)
Ethical Issues
623(1)
Current Controversies
Physician-Assisted Suicide
624(3)
Thinking About Death: Personal Aspects
627(9)
A Life Course Approach to Dying
627(1)
Dealing with One's Own Death
628(3)
Death Anxiety
631(1)
Creating a Final Scenario
632(1)
The Hospice Option
633(3)
Surviving the Loss: The Grieving Process
636(8)
The Grief Process
637(2)
Normal Grief Reactions
639(1)
Spotlight on Research
Family Stress and Adaptation Before and After Bereavement
640(2)
Coping with Grief
642(1)
Traumatic Grief Reactions
643(1)
Dying and Bereavement Experiences Across the Life Span
644(13)
Childhood
644(2)
Adolescence
646(1)
Adulthood
647(2)
Real People: Applying Human Development
The Grief of Miscarriage
649(1)
Late Adulthood
650(3)
Forces in Action
Understanding Death
653(1)
Putting It All Together
653(1)
Summary
653(2)
Key Terms
655(1)
See for Yourself: Applying What You've Learned
655(1)
Learn More About It
655(2)
Glossary657(12)
References669(62)
Name Index731(11)
Subject Index742

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