William S. Klug is an Emeritus Professor of Biology at The College of New Jersey (formerly Trenton State College) in Ewing, New Jersey, where he served as Chair of the Biology Department for 17 years. He received his B.A. degree in Biology from Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana, and his Ph.D. from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Prior to coming to The College of New Jersey, he was on the faculty of Wabash College as an Assistant Professor, where he first taught genetics, as well as general biology and electron microscopy. His research interests have involved ultrastructural and molecular genetic studies of development, utilizing oogenesis in Drosophila as a model system. He has taught the genetics course as well as the senior capstone seminar course in Human and Molecular Genetics to undergraduate biology majors for over four decades. He was the recipient in 2001 of the first annual teaching award given at The College of New Jersey, granted to the faculty member who “most challenges students to achieve high standards.” He also received the 2004 Outstanding Professor Award from Sigma Pi International, and in the same year, he was nominated as the Educator of the Year, an award given by the Research and Development Council of New Jersey.

Michael R. Cummings is Research Professor in the Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences at Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois. For more than 25 years, he was a faculty member in the Department of Biological Sciences and in the Department of Molecular Genetics at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He has also served on the faculties of Northwestern University and Florida State University. He received his B.A. from St. Mary’s College in Winona, Minnesota, and his M.S. and Ph.D. from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. In addition to this text and its companion volumes, he has also written textbooks in human genetics and general biology for nonmajors. His research interests center on the molecular organization and physical mapping of the heterochromatic regions of human acrocentric chromosomes. At the undergraduate level, he teaches courses in Mendelian and molecular genetics, human genetics, and general biology, and has received numerous awards for teaching excellence given by university faculty, student organizations, and graduating seniors.

Charlotte A. Spencer is a retired Associate Professor from the Department of Oncology at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. She has also served as a faculty member in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Alberta. She received her B.Sc. in Microbiology from the University of British Columbia and her Ph.D. in Genetics from the University of Alberta, followed by postdoctoral training at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. Her research interests involve the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription in cancer cells, cells infected with DNA viruses, and cells traversing the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. She has taught courses in biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and oncology, at both undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition, she has written booklets in the Prentice Hall Exploring Biology series, which are aimed at the undergraduate nonmajor level.

Michael A. Palladino is Dean of the School of Science and Professor of Biology at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He received his B.S. degree in Biology from Trenton State College (now known as The College of New Jersey) and his Ph.D. in Anatomy and Cell Biology from the University of Virginia. He directs an active laboratory of undergraduate student researchers studying molecular mechanisms involved in innate immunity of mammalian male reproductive organs and genes involved in oxygen homeostasis and ischemic injury of the testis. He has taught a wide range of courses for both majors and nonmajors and currently teaches genetics, biotechnology, endocrinology, and laboratory in cell and molecular biology. He has received several awards for research and teaching, including the 2009 Young Investigator Award of the American Society of Andrology, the 2005 Distinguished Teacher Award from Monmouth University, and the 2005 Caring Heart Award from the New Jersey Association for Biomedical Research. He is co-author of the undergraduate textbook Introduction to Biotechnology, Series Editor for the Benjamin Cummings Special Topics in Biology booklet series, and author of the first booklet in the series, Understanding the Human Genome Project.

Part One

Genes, ChromOsomes, and Heredity

1 Introduction to Genetics 1

2 Mitosis and Meiosis 16

3 Mendelian Genetics 40

4 Extensions of Mendelian Genetics 70

5 Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes 104

6 Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and

Bacteriophages 134

7 Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes 164

8 Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement 188

9 Extranuclear Inheritance 214

Part Two

DNA: Structure, Replication, and Variation

10 DNA Structure and Analysis 231

11 DNA Replication and Recombination 261

12 DNA Organization in Chromosomes 288

Part Three

Gene Expression, Regulation, and Development

13 The Genetic Code and Transcription 308

14 Translation and Proteins 337

15 Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and

Transposition 367

16 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes 396

17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 417

18 Developmental Genetics 445

19 Cancer and Regulation of the Cell Cycle 469

Part Four

Genomics

20 Recombinant DNA Technology 489

21 Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics 522

22 Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering  and Biotechnology 569

Part Five

Genetics of Organisms and Populations

23 Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial

Traits 604

24 Neurogenetics 625

25 Population and Evolutionary Genetics 647

Special Topics in Modern Genetics

1 Epigenetics 000

2 Emerging Roles of RNA 000

3 DNA Forensics 000

4 Genomics and Personalized Medicine 000

5 Genetically Modified Foods 000

6 Gene Therapy 000

Appendix A Selected Readings A-1

Appendix B Answers XX

Glossary G-1

Credits XX

Index XX

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