Rent 9780321316813 | Good Reasons : Designing and Writing Effective Arguments | Faigley, Lester; Selzer, Jack @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

Engaging and accessible to all students, Good Reasons is a brief, very readable introduction to argument by two of the country's foremost rhetoricians. By stressing the rhetorical situation and audience, this rhetoric avoids complicated schemes and terminology in favor of providing students with the practical means to find "good reasons" for the positions they want to advocate to their audiences. Good Reasons helps students write and understand various types of arguments, including visual as well as verbal arguments. Supporting the authors' instruction are numerous readings by professional and student writers and over 50 photographs. Good Reasons is distinctive in providing the most thorough coverage of rhetorical analysis and visual analysis. It has a new emphasis on visual argument throughout that responds to the need for greater visual literacy in a media-saturated culture. Good Reasons is also distinctive in beginning with why people write arguments.

Preface

PART 1 Persuading with Good Reasons: What Do We Mean by Argument?

Chapter 1: What to Argue About

(18)

A Book that Changed the World

... MORE

(3)

Why Silent Spring Became a Classic

(5)

Tactics of Silent Spring

(2)

Analyzing Arguments: Pathos, Ethos, and Logos

(1)

Reading Arguments

(5)

Become a Critical Reader

(2)

Position and Proposal Arguments

(2)

The Obligation to Endure (Rachel Carson)

(3)

The Impact of Global Warming in North America (Union of Concerned Scientists)

(2)

Chapter 2: Finding Arguments

(16)

What Exactly Is an Argument?

(1)

The Basics of Arguments

(3)

What Is Not Arguable

(1)

Find a Topic

(7)

Read Your Assignment Carefully

(1)

Think about What Interests You

(1)

List and Analyze Issues

(2)

Explore Your Topic

(1)

Freewrite

(1)

Brainstorm

(1)

Use an Online Subject Directory

(1)

Read about Your Topic

(1)

Make an Idea Map

(1)

Think about Your Audience

(2)

What Does Your Audience Know-And Not Know?

(1)

What Is Your Audience's Attitude Toward You?

(1)

What Is Your Audience's Attitude Toward Your Subject?

(1)

Write a Thesis

(3)

Focus Your Thesis

(1)

Evaluate Your Thesis

(2)

Chapter 3: Finding and Supporting Good Reasons

(22)

The Basics of Reasoning

(2)

Find Good Reasons

(8)

Can You Argue by Definition?

(1)

Can You Argue from Value?

(1)

Can You Compare or Contrast?

(1)

Can You Argue from Consequence?

(2)

Can You Counter Objections to Your Position?

(15)

Questions for Finding Good Reasons

(2)

Find Evidence to Support Good Reasons

(3)

Fallacies in Arguments

(1)

Organize Good Reasons

(1)

Create Credibility

(4)

Argue Responsibly

(1)

Choose an Appropriate Voice

(4)

Chapter 4: Understanding Written Arguments: Rhetorical Analysis

(24)

What is Rhetorical Analysis?

(3)

The Goals of Rhetorical Analysis

(2)

Textual Analysis: Using Rhetorical Concepts as an Analytical Screen

(5)

Silko's Purpose and Argument

(1)

Silko's Use of Logos, Pathos, and Ethos

(2)

Silko's Arrangement

(1)

Silko's Style

(2)

Metaphors in Ads

(1)

Contextual Analysis: Communication as Conversation

(5)

Silko's Life and Works

(1)

The Context of Publication

(1)

The Larger Conversation

(1)

Silko's Political Goals

(1)

Write a Rhetorical Analysis

(7)

Sample Student Rhetorical Analysis: The NRA Blacklist: A Project Gone Mad

Erica Strausner

(6)

STEPS TO A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS

(4)

Chapter 5: Understanding Visual Arguments

(20)

What Is a Visual Argument?

(2)

Visual Persuasion

(2)

Visual Evidence

(7)

Photographs

(2)

Tables

(1)

Charts and Graphs

(4)

Evaluating Charts and Graphs

(1)

Write a Visual Analysis

(7)

Sample Student Visual Analysis: Got Roddick?

Angela Yamashita

(4)

STEPS TO A VISUAL ANALYSIS

103

(2)

PART 2 Putting Good Reasons into Action: Options for Arguments

105

(118)

Using Different Approaches to Construct an Argument

107

(2)

Chapter 6: Definition Arguments

109

(18)

Kinds of Definitions

110

(2)

Formal Definitions

111

(1)

Operational Definitions

112

(1)

Definitions from Example

112

(1)

Building a Definitional Argument

112

(5)

Setting the Record Straight

Scott McCloud

117

(8)

STEPS TO A DEFINITION ARGUMENT

125

(2)

Chapter 7: Causal Arguments

127

(18)

Methods of Finding Causes

129

(6)

Building a Causal Argument

135

(7)

Sample Student Causal Argument: Why Are Teenage Girls Dying to Be Thin?

Jennifer May

137

(5)

STEPS TO A CAUSAL ARGUMENT

142

(3)

Chapter 8: Evaluation Arguments

145

(14)

Kinds of Evaluations

147

(3)

Where Do Criteria Come From?

148

(2)

Building an Evaluation Argument

150

(7)

Sample Student Evaluation Argument: An Unhealthy Practice

DeMarcus Taylor

152

(5)

STEPS TO AN EVALUATION ARGUMENT

157

(2)

Chapter 9: Narrative Arguments

159

(14)

Kinds of Narrative Arguments

161

(2)

Building a Narrative Argument

163

(7)

The Border Patrol State

Leslie Marmon Silko

164

(6)

STEPS TO A NARRATIVE ARGUMENT

170

(3)

Chapter 10: Rebuttal Arguments

173

(16)

Critical Thinking

175

(1)

Two Ways of Rebutting

176

(10)

Refutation

177

(5)

Counterargument

182

(2)

The "Separation of Church and State" Myth

Linda Chavez

184

(2)

STEPS TO A REBUTTAL ARGUMENT

186

(3)

Chapter 11: Proposal Arguments

189

(22)

Components of Proposals

191

(2)

Building a Proposal Argument

193

(14)

Sample Student Proposal Argument: Need a Cure for Tribe Fever? How About a Dip in the Lake?

Brian Witkowski

195

(12)

STEPS TO A PROPOSAL ARGUMENT

207

(4)

Chapter 12: Revision: Putting It All Together

211

(12)

Keep Your Goals in Mind-But Stay Flexible

212

(1)

Read as You Write

213

(1)

Take the Perspective of Your Reader

214

(3)

REVISION CHECKLIST: Focus on Your Argument

217

(2)

REVISION CHECKLIST: Focus on Your Style and Proofread Carefully

219

(3)

Get Help on Your Draft

222

(1)

PART 3 Making Effective Arguments: Designing, Presenting, and Documenting

223

(74)

Chapter 13: Effective Visual Design

225

(20)

Design Basics

225

(8)

Arrangement

226

(2)

Consistency

228

(2)

Contrast

230

(3)

Understanding Typefaces and Fonts

233

(3)

Creating Images and Other Graphics

236

(2)

Pictures

237

(1)

Other Graphics

237

(1)

Writing Arguments for the Web

238

(7)

The First Page Is the Most Important

239

(1)

Divide Your Text into Chunks

239

(2)

Make the Text Readable

241

(1)

Determine the Visual Theme of Your Site

242

(1)

Keep the Visuals Simple

242

(1)

Make Your Site Easy to Navigate

242

(3)

Chapter 14: Effective Oral Presentations

245

(8)

Planning an Oral Presentation

245

(3)

Getting Started

245

(1)

Selecting Your Topic

246

(1)

Thinking About Your Audience

246

(1)

Supporting Your Presentation

247

(1)

Planning Your Introduction

247

(1)

Planning Your Conclusion

247

(1)

Delivering an Oral Presentation

248

(2)

The Importance of Practice

248

(1)

Speaking Effectively

248

(1)

Nonverbal Communication

249

(1)

Tips: Effective Speeches

249

(1)

Handling Questions

250

(1)

Multimedia Presentations

250

(3)

Visual Elements

250

(2)

Tips: Readable Transparencies and Slides

251

(1)

Presentation Software

252

(1)

Chapter 15: Effective Research

253

(18)

Research: Knowing What Information You Need

253

(4)

What Makes a Good Subject for Research

256

(1)

Planning Your Research

257

(2)

Interviews, Observations, and Surveys

258

(1)

Finding Library Sources

259

(4)

Scholarly, Trade, and Popular Journals

262

(1)

Finding Web Sources

263

(2)

Kinds of Search Engines

264

(1)

Tips: Search Engines

264

(1)

Evaluating Sources

265

(3)

Traditional Criteria for Evaluating Print Sources

266

(1)

Additional Criteria for Evaluating Web Sources

267

(1)

Taking Notes

268

(3)

Chapter 16: MLA Documentation

271

(16)

Intellectual Property and Scholastic Honesty

271

(7)

Avoiding Plagiarism

272

(3)

Using Sources Effectively

275

(3)

MLA Works-cited List

278

(9)

Citing Books

280

(1)

Citing Articles in Periodicals

281

(2)

Citing Online Sources

283

(2)

Citing Visual Sources

285

(1)

Citing Other Sources

286

(1)

Chapter 17: APA Documentation

287

(10)

APA Reference List

288

(9)

Citing Books

289

(2)

Citing Articles in Periodicals

291

(1)

Citing Online Sources

292

(3)

Citing Other Sources

295

(2)

Glossary

297

(4)

Text Credits

301

(1)

Index

302

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