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Essential Guide, The: Research Writing Across the Disciplines

ISBN: 9780321276391 | 0321276396
Edition: 4th
Format: Spiral Bound
Publisher: Longman
Pub. Date: 1/1/2008

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SummaryTable of Contents
The Essential Guide: Writing Research Papers Across the Disciplines, based on Lesters best-selling Writing Research Papers, is the ultimate brief research reference. Pocket-sized and inexpensive, this research guide is priced to work as a supplement in any research-oriented course. Designed to be a guide for writing research papers both in first-year composition courses and in upper-level courses in all disciplines, the text features advice on the judicious handling of research materials as well as extensive coverage of electronic research. It ... MORE
Prefacexi
Chapter 1 FINDING A SCHOLARLY TOPIC1(13)
1a Generating Ideas and Focusing the Subject
2(6)
Relating Your Personal Ideas to a... MORE
2(3)
Talking with Others to Find and Refine the Topic
5(1)
Using Electronic Sources
6(1)
Using Textbooks and Reference Books
7(1)
1b Writing a Thesis, Enthymeme, or Hypothesis
8(3)
Thesis Statement
8(1)
Enthymeme
9(1)
Hypothesis
10(1)
1c Drafting a Research Proposal
11(3)
Writing a Short Research Proposal
11(1)
Writing a Detailed Research Proposal
12(2)
Chapter 2 LIBRARY RESEARCH14(18)
2a Finding Sources with Your Library Access
14(1)
2b Using the Library's Electronic Book Catalog
15(2)
Books
15(1)
Journals
15(1)
Internet Sites
16(1)
Reference Books
16(1)
Archives
16(1)
Bibliographies
16(1)
2c Searching the Library's Electronic Databases
17(5)
General Databases
18(1)
Databases by Discipline
19(3)
2d Searching the Printed Bibliographies
22(2)
Searching in General Bibliographies
22(1)
Searching the Specialized Bibliographies and Reference Works
23(1)
2e Searching the Printed Indexes
24(3)
Starting with a General Index to Periodicals
25(1)
Searching Indexes to Topics in the Humanities
25(1)
Searching Indexes to Topics in the Social Sciences
26(1)
Searching Indexes to Topics in the Physical Sciences
26(1)
Searching Indexes to Discipline-Specific Information
26(1)
2f Searching Biographies
27(1)
2g Searching Newspaper Indexes
28(1)
2h Searching the Indexes to Pamphlet Files
28(1)
2i Searching Government Documents
29(1)
2j Searching for Essays within Books
30(1)
2k Building Your Research Journal
30(2)
Chapter 3 SEARCHING THE WORLD WIDE WEB32(14)
3a Using a Search Engine
32(2)
Using General Search Engines
32(2)
3b Using Search Engines Devoted to Academic Disciplines
34(5)
Humanities
34(1)
Social Sciences
35(3)
Sciences
38(1)
3c Accessing Online Sources
39(7)
Internet Home Pages
39(1)
Internet Articles on the Web
40(1)
Journal Articles on the Web
40(1)
Magazine Articles on the Web
41(1)
News Sources
41(1)
Books on the Web
42(1)
E-mail Discussion Groups
43(1)
Archives
43(3)
Chapter 4 FIELD RESEARCH: COLLECTING DATA OUTSIDE THE LIBRARY46(9)
4a Conducting Research within a Discipline
46(2)
The Social Scientists
46(1)
The Physical Scientists
46(1)
The Applied Scientists
47(1)
The Humanists
47(1)
4b Investigating Local Sources
48(3)
Interviewing Knowledgeable People
48(1)
Writing Letters and Corresponding by E-mail
48(1)
Reading Personal Papers
49(1)
Attending Lectures and Public Addresses
50(1)
Investigating Government Documents
50(1)
4c Examining Audiovisual Materials, Television, and Radio
51(1)
4d Conducting a Survey with a Questionnaire
51(1)
4e Conducting Experiments, Tests, and Observation
52(3)
Chapter 5 UNDERSTANDING AND AVOIDING PLAGIARISM55(10)
5a Using Sources to Enhance Your Credibility
55(1)
5b Identifying Bias in a Source
56(1)
5c Honoring Property Rights
57(1)
5d Avoiding Plagiarism
57(6)
Common Knowledge Exceptions
59(1)
Borrowing from a Source Correctly
60(3)
5e Seeking Permission to Publish Material on Your Web Site
63(2)
Chapter 6 FINDING AND READING THE BEST SOURCES65(8)
6a Understanding the Assignment
65(2)
Guide to Academic Sources
66(1)
6b Identifying the Best Source Materials
67(4)
Scholarly Book
67(1)
Biography
68(1)
Scholarly Article
68(1)
Sponsored Web Site
69(1)
Interview
69(1)
Experiment, Test, or Observation
69(1)
Trade Book
69(1)
Encyclopedia
69(1)
Popular Magazine
70(1)
Newspaper
70(1)
E-mail Discussion Group
70(1)
Individual Web Site
70(1)
Internet Chat Conversations
71(1)
6c Evaluating a Source
71(2)
Relevance
71(1)
Authority
71(1)
Accuracy
72(1)
Currency
72(1)
Chapter 7 ORGANIZING IDEAS AND SETTING GOALS73(11)
7a Using the Correct Academic Model (Paradigm)
73(7)
A General, All-Purpose Model
73(1)
Academic Pattern for the Interpretation of Literature and Other Creative Works
74(1)
Academic Pattern for the Analysis of History
74(1)
Academic Pattern for Advancing Philosophical and Religious Ideas
75(1)
Academic Pattern for the Review of a Performance
75(1)
Academic Pattern for Advancing Your Ideas and Theories
76(1)
Academic Pattern for Argument and Persuasion Papers
77(1)
Academic Pattern for a Comparative Study
77(1)
Academic Pattern for a Laboratory Investigation or Field Report
78(1)
Academic Pattern for Scientific Analysis
78(1)
Academic Pattern for a Report of Empirical Research
79(1)
7b Using Your Thesis to Control the Outline
80(1)
Argument
80(1)
Cause and Effect
80(1)
Evaluation
80(1)
Comparison
81(1)
7c Writing an Outline
81(3)
Topic Outline
82(1)
Sentence Outline
83(1)
Chapter 8 WRITING EFFECTIVE NOTES84(19)
Honoring the Conventions of Research Style
84(1)
8a Writing Personal Notes
85(1)
8b Writing Direct Quotation Notes
86(2)
Quoting the Primary Sources
87(1)
Quoting the Secondary Sources
87(1)
8c Writing Paraphrased Notes
88(1)
8d Writing Summary Notes
89(2)
Use the Summary to Review Briefly an Article or Book
89(1)
Use the Summary to Write an Annotated Bibliography
90(1)
Use the Summary in a Plot Summary Note
90(1)
Use the Summary to Create an Abstract
90(1)
8e Writing Notes from Field Research
91(1)
8f Using Your Notes to Write an Annotated Bibliography
92(2)
8g Using Your Notes to Write a Review of the Literature
94(9)
Chapter 9 DRAFTING THE PAPER IN AN ACADEMIC STYLE103(18)
9a Writing for Your Field of Study
103(3)
Academic Style in the Humanities
104(1)
Academic Style in the Social Sciences
104(1)
Academic Style in the Physical and Medical Sciences
105(1)
9b Focusing Your Argument
106(3)
Persuading, Inquiring, and Negotiating
106(1)
Maintaining a Focus with Ethical and Logical Appeals
107(1)
Focusing the Final Thesis Sentence or Hypothesis
107(2)
9c Designing an Academic Title
109(1)
9d Drafting the Paper
110(4)
Writing with Unity and Coherence
111(1)
Writing in the Proper Tense
111(1)
Using the Language of the Discipline
111(1)
Using Source Material to Enhance Your Writing
112(1)
Writing in the Third Person
112(1)
Writing with the Passive Voice in an Appropriate Manner
112(1)
Placing Graphics Effectively in a Research Essay
112(1)
Avoiding Sexist and Biased Language
113(1)
9e Creating an Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
114(4)
Writing the Introduction
114(2)
Writing the Body of the Research Paper
116(1)
Writing the Conclusion of the Paper
117(1)
9f Revising the Rough Draft
118(3)
Editing before Printing the Final Manuscript
118(1)
Using the Computer to Edit Your Text
119(1)
Participating in Peer Review
119(1)
Proofreading
120(1)
Chapter 10 USING MLA STYLE121(27)
10a Blending Sources into Your Writing
121(3)
Making General References
122(1)
Identifying the Author and a Page Number
122(1)
Identifying Nonprint Sources That Have No Page Number
122(1)
Identifying Internet Sources
123(1)
Citing Indirect Sources
123(1)
Citing Material from Textbooks and Large Anthologies
123(1)
Adding Extra Information to In-text Citations
123(1)
10b Punctuating Citations Properly and Consistently
124(4)
Indenting Long Quotations
125(1)
Citing Lines of Poetry
125(1)
Citing Drama
126(1)
Changing Initial Capitals
126(1)
Using Ellipsis Points to Omit Phrases
126(1)
Using Brackets to Alter Quotations
127(1)
10c Writing the Works Cited References in MLA Style
128(12)
Bibliography Form-Books
128(3)
Bibliography Form-Periodicals
131(1)
Bibliography Form-Newspapers
132(1)
Bibliography Form-Government Documents
133(1)
Bibliography Form-Electronic Sources (Internet, E-mail, Databases)
134(4)
Bibliography Form-Databases 136
Bibliography Form-Artistic Works and Performances
138(1)
Bibliography Form-Other Sources
139(1)
10d Formatting the Paper in MLA Style
140(1)
Title Page or Opening Page
140(1)
Outline
140(1)
Text of the Paper
140(1)
Content Endnotes Page
140(1)
Appendix
140(1)
Works Cited
141(1)
10e Writing a Literary Paper in MLA Style
141(7)
Sample Research Paper
141(7)
Chapter 11 WRITING IN APA STYLE148(19)
11a Meeting the Demands of the Assignment
148(1)
Writing Theoretical Articles
148(1)
Reporting on Empirical Research
148(1)
Reviewing Articles and Books
149(1)
11 b Establishing a Critical Approach
149(1)
11c Writing in the Proper Tense for an APA-Styled Paper
150(1)
11d Blending Sources into Your Writing
150(2)
Citing a Block of Material
150(1)
Citing a Work with More Than One Author
151(1)
Citing More Than One Work by an Author
151(1)
Citing Indirect Sources
151(1)
Citing an Anonymous Author
151(1)
Citing Electronic Sources
152(1)
11e Preparing the List of References
152(5)
Bibliography Form-Books
153(1)
Bibliography Form-Periodicals
153(1)
Bibliography Form-Nonprint Material
154(1)
Bibliography Form-Internet Sources
155(2)
11f Formatting a Paper in the APA Style
157(1)
Title Page
157(1)
Abstract
157(1)
Text of the Paper
157(1)
References
157(1)
Appendix
157(1)
11g Sample Paper in APA Style
158(9)
Chapter 12 THE FOOTNOTE SYSTEM: CMS STYLE167(14)
12a Blending Sources into Your Writing
167(2)
Introducing the Sources
167(1)
Inserting a Superscript Numeral in Your Text
168(1)
Writing Full or Abbreviated Notes
168(1)
12b Formatting and Writing the Footnotes
169(2)
Article from a Journal
169(1)
Article from a Magazine
169(1)
Article from a Newspaper
169(1)
Article or Selection from a Collection or Anthology
169(1)
Biblical Reference
170(1)
Book
170(1)
Encyclopedia Entry
170(1)
Film on DVD
170(1)
Government Document
170(1)
Lecture
171(1)
Musical Work on VHS
171(1)
Review Article
171(1)
Television Program
171(1)
12c Writing Footnotes for Electronic Sources
171(1)
Article Online
171(1)
Article Reproduced Online
171(1)
Article Accessed from a Database through the Library System
172(1)
Book Online
172(1)
CD-ROM Source
172(1)
Electronic Bulletin Board, Archived Online
172(1)
E-mail
172(1)
Scholarly Project
172(1)
12d Writing Subsequent Footnote References
172(1)
12e Writing Endnotes Rather Than Footnotes
173(1)
12f Writing Content Footnotes or Content Endnotes
173(1)
Related Matters Not Germane to the Text
173(1)
Literature on a Related Topic
174(1)
12g Writing a Bibliography Page for a Paper That Uses Footnotes
174(1)
Book
174(1)
Journal Article
174(1)
Newspaper
174(1)
Internet Article
174(1)
12h Sample Paper in the CMS Style
175(6)
Chapter 13 CSE STYLE FOR THE NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES181(9)
13a Writing In-Text Citations Using the CSE Number System
181(1)
13b Writing the References Page
182(2)
Book
182(1)
Article in a Journal
182(1)
Internet Articles and Other Electronic Publications
183(1)
Magazine or Newspaper Article
183(1)
Proceedings and Conference Presentations
183(1)
Article from a Loose-Leaf Collection
183(1)
13c Sample Paper Using the CSE Numbering System
184(6)
Chapter 14 PREPARING ELECTRONIC RESEARCH PROJECTS190(6)
14a Using Word Processing to Create Electronic Documents
190(1)
14b Building a Slide Show
191(1)
14c Creating Pages with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
192(2)
Using a Web Page Editor to Create Web Pages
192(1)
Citing Your Sources in a Web Research Paper
193(1)
14d Using Graphics in Your Electronic Research Paper
194(1)
Creating Your Own Digital Graphics
194(1)
14e Delivering Your Electronic Research Paper to Readers
194(2)
Appendix: Glossary of Manuscript Style196(7)
Abbreviations
196(1)
Accent Marks
196(1)
Ampersand
196(1)
Arabic Numerals
197(1)
Bullets, Numbers, and Indented Lists
198(1)
Capitalization
198(1)
Comma
198(1)
Figures and Tables
199(1)
Foreign Cities 199 Headings
199(1)
Indenting
199(1)
Margins
200(1)
Monetary Units
200(1)
Names of Persons
200(1)
Numbering Pages
201(1)
Roman Numerals
201(1)
Running Heads
201(1)
Shortened Titles in the Text
201(1)
Spacing
201(1)
Titles within Titles
201(1)
Underscoring (Italicizing)
202(1)
Word Division
202(1)
Credits203(1)
Index204

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