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Small Group and Team Communication

ISBN: 9780205414918 | 0205414915
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Pearson
Pub. Date: 7/15/2004

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SummaryTable of Contents
Praised for its writing style, research base, and range of topics covered, this text develops issues of diversity, ethics, technology, and the organizational use of groups and teams within a systems theory framework. Clearly organized and logically presented, this text provides the opportunity for outstanding discussions of critical issues. Harris and Sherblom effectively integrate real-world examples, hypothetical situations, social-science theories, and scholarly research into a unified discussion of small group and team communication. Extens... MORE
Prefacexv
1 Small Groups: Power, Definition, and Attraction
1(24)
The Power of Groups
3(1)
... MORE
Defining Small Group Communication
4(2)
Transactional Process
4(1)
Symbolic Behavior
5(1)
Shared Meaning
6(1)
Why Join a Group?
6(3)
Interpersonal Attraction
6(2)
Need for Affiliation
8(1)
Commitment to Group Goals and Activities
8(1)
Assignment by Someone Else
9(1)
Characteristics of Small Groups
9(2)
Interdependence and Interactivity
9(1)
Exponential Number of Interactions
10(1)
Synergy
11(1)
Characteristics of Small Group Communication
11(2)
Complex Transactions
12(1)
Interactive Complexities
12(1)
Types of Small Groups
13(2)
Groups in Organizations
15(1)
Examples from the Automotive Industry
15(1)
Meetings
16(1)
Summary
16(3)
Discussion Questions
19(1)
Exercises
20(3)
References
23(2)
2 Groups as Systems of Interaction
25(21)
Understanding Small Group Success
26(2)
Communication in Small Groups
28(1)
A Systems Approach to Small Group Communication
29(11)
Systems Theory
29(1)
Open Systems
30(5)
Complex Systems
35(5)
Summary
40(1)
Discussion Questions
40(1)
Exercises
41(4)
References
45(1)
3 Norms, Roles, Cohesiveness, and Groupthink
46(20)
Norms
47(4)
The Reason for Norms
47(1)
Types of Norms
48(1)
Norms and Diversity
49(1)
Violating Norms
50(1)
Roles
51(4)
Types of Roles
51(3)
The Function of Roles
54(1)
Cohesiveness
55(2)
Influences on Cohesiveness
55(1)
Consequences of Cohesiveness
56(1)
Groupthink
57(2)
Summary
59(1)
Discussion Questions
59(1)
Exercises
60(4)
References
64(2)
4 Four Phases of Group Development: Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing
66(23)
Forming: Hello, Orientation, and Inclusion
69(2)
Storming: Conflict in Groups
71(3)
Norming: Emergence as a Group
74(1)
Performing: Making Decisions and Solving Problems
74(2)
Terminating
76(1)
Usefulness of the Phase Model
77(2)
Modifications
77(1)
Organizational Teams
78(1)
Overriding Influences
79(2)
Formal or Informal Group
79(1)
Task and Social Dynamics
79(1)
Primary and Secondary Tensions
80(1)
Summary
81(1)
Discussion Questions
82(1)
Exercises
82(6)
References
88(1)
5 Diversity in Groups: The Strength of Different Perspectives
89(20)
Defining Diversity and Its Place in Small Groups
90(1)
Assumptions and Stereotyping
91(2)
Communication Contexts
93(2)
Language Use
94(1)
Nonverbal Communication
95(1)
Diversity in Small Groups and Teams
95(3)
Group Commitment and Consensus
95(2)
Strength in Diversity
97(1)
Making Diverse Groups Work
98(3)
Conflict Management
98(1)
Hierarchies of Power
99(1)
Pressures for Conformity
100(1)
Summary
101(1)
Discussion Questions
102(1)
Exercises
103(3)
References
106(3)
6 Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
109(24)
Functions of Verbal Communication
111(3)
Task Ordering
111(1)
Process Orientation
111(1)
Narratives and Group Fantasies
112(2)
Structures of Meaning in Verbal Communication
114(3)
Denotative and Connotative Meaning
114(1)
Semantics
115(1)
Group Talk
116(1)
Humor
116(1)
Nonverbal Communication
117(9)
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
118(2)
Types of Nonverbal Communication
120(4)
Powerless Stereotypes
124(2)
Summary
126(1)
Discussion Questions
126(1)
Exercises
127(4)
References
131(2)
7 Listening and Feedback: The Other Half of Communication
133(20)
Motivation
136(1)
The Four Components of Listening
137(4)
Sensing (Hearing the Message)
137(2)
Interpreting the Message
139(1)
Evaluating the Message Content
140(1)
Memory: Retaining and Responding to the Message
140(1)
Active Listening
141(4)
Barriers to Active Listening
142(2)
Active Listening Response Methods
144(1)
Feedback: Responding to the Message
145(3)
Providing Constructive Feedback
146(2)
Receiving Feedback
148(1)
Summary
148(1)
Discussion Questions
148(1)
Exercises
149(3)
References
152(1)
8 Group Evolution: Teams
153(18)
The Scope of Employee Involvement Programs
155(1)
Teams
156(8)
Quality Circles
158(3)
Self-Managing Work Teams
161(3)
Summary
164(1)
Discussion Questions
165(1)
Exercises
165(4)
References
169(2)
9 Decision Making and Problem Solving
171(25)
Decision Making and Problem Solving
172(2)
The Stages of Decision Making and Problem Solving
174(8)
Defining the Problem
174(2)
Constraints in the Context of Goals
176(1)
Searching Out Alternatives
177(2)
Making the Decision
179(1)
Implementing the Decision
180(1)
Evaluating the Decision
181(1)
Patterns of Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Groups
182(2)
Group Composition
182(1)
Group Process
183(1)
The Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Process
184(6)
Problem Identification and Information Gathering
184(2)
Refining Goals
186(1)
Refining Alternatives
187(1)
Making the Choice
187(1)
Implementing the Decision
188(2)
Summary
190(1)
Discussion Questions
191(1)
Exercises
191(3)
References
194(2)
10 Creativity in the Small Group Process196(22)
What Is Creativity?
197(2)
Creativity Means a New Way of Looking
199(1)
Barriers to Creativity
200(4)
Perceptual Barriers
200(3)
Cultural Barriers
203(1)
Emotional Barriers
203(1)
Techniques for Encouraging Creativity
204(4)
Idea Needlers
205(1)
Manipulative Verbs
206(1)
Association and Metaphors
206(1)
Analogy
207(1)
Solving Problems Creatively
208(1)
A Creative Group Climate
209(3)
Openness
209(1)
Sharing
209(1)
Gibb's Communication Climate Comparisons
209(3)
Summary
212(1)
Discussion Questions
212(1)
Exercises
213(3)
References
216(2)
11 Group Process and Presentation Techniques218(25)
Brainstorming
220(1)
Creative Decision-Making Techniques
221(6)
Focus Groups
221(1)
Nominal Group Technique
222(2)
Delphi Technique
224(1)
Synectics
225(1)
Buzz Sessions
226(1)
Idea Writing
226(1)
Role Playing
227(1)
Listening Teams
227(1)
Problem-Solving Tools
227(5)
Flowcharts
227(1)
Fishbone Diagrams
228(1)
Pareto's Principle
228(4)
The RISK Procedure
232(1)
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)
233(1)
How These Techniques Are Used
233(2)
Small Group Presentational Formats
235(2)
The Forum
235(1)
The Panel
236(1)
The Colloquium
236(1)
The Symposium
237(1)
Summary
237(1)
Discussion Questions
237(2)
Exercises
239(2)
References
241(2)
12 Productive Conflict Management243(26)
Defining Conflict within a Communication Context
245(3)
Conflict within Systems
245(1)
Conflict within Small Groups
246(1)
The Substance of Conflict
247(1)
Patterns of Conflict Management
248(7)
Collaboration (and Consensus)
249(2)
Negotiation
251(1)
Accommodation
252(1)
Compromise
253(1)
Competition
253(2)
Avoidance
255(1)
Power in Group Conflict
255(4)
Expert Power
256(1)
Interpersonal Linkage Power
256(1)
Reward and Punishment Power
257(1)
Positional (Legitimate) Power
257(1)
Referent Power
258(1)
Charismatic (or Personal) Power
258(1)
Avoidance Power
258(1)
Power in Context
259(1)
Summary
260(2)
Discussion Questions
262(1)
Exercises
262(5)
References
267(2)
13 Leadership in Small Groups269(26)
Recognizing Leaders
271(1)
Leadership as a Function in a System
272(1)
Theories of Leadership
272(7)
Managerial Leadership Grid Theory
273(3)
Transactional and Transformational Theories
276(1)
Leadership by Adaptation
277(1)
Leaderless Groups
278(1)
Three Characteristics of Leaders
279(2)
Vision
279(1)
Credibility
279(1)
Communication Competence
280(1)
Choosing a Leader
281(3)
Appointed Leaders
281(1)
Elected Leaders
282(1)
Emergent Leaders
282(1)
Shared (Facilitative) Leadership
283(1)
Tasks of Group Leaders
284(1)
Facilitating Meetings
284(1)
Empowering Group Members
284(1)
Managing Conflict
284(1)
Influences on Group Leadership
285(1)
External Context
285(1)
Nature of Task
285(1)
Interdependence of Group Members
286(1)
Leadership Styles
286(2)
Leader-as-Technician
287(1)
Leader-as-Conductor
287(1)
Leader-as-Coach
288(1)
Summary
288(1)
Discussion Questions
289(1)
Exercises
290(3)
References
293(2)
14 Observing and Evaluating a Small Group295(20)
Systematic Feedback
296(1)
Success and Failure
297(1)
Observer-Members Scales
297(11)
Rating Scales
298(5)
Postmeeting Reaction Forms
303(5)
Observer Feedback Guidelines
308(1)
Individual Role Behavior
308(1)
Verbal Interaction and Content Analyses
309(1)
Summary
310(1)
Discussion Questions
311(1)
Exercises
311(3)
References
314(1)
15 Computer Mediated
Group Communication
315(1)
Understanding the Technology and Its Influences on Small Group Communication
316(10)
The Importance of Understanding Influential Undercurrents
317(1)
Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)
318(2)
Performance Outcomes of CMC Groups
320(1)
Electronic Meeting Systems
320(6)
Undercurrents of the Communication Medium
326(5)
Social Presence
326(4)
Some Effects of CMC Undercurrents on Group Processes
330(1)
Choosing a Medium for the Effective Use of CMC
331(3)
Choosing a Medium for the Communication Task
331(1)
Finding a Language Demand-Technology Fit
332(1)
Matching Media Richness to the Communication Function
333(1)
Adopting Effective Group Communication Strategies for CMC
334(2)
Facilitating Effective CMC Group Communication
334(2)
Leading a CMC Group Meeting
336(1)
Summary
336(1)
Discussion Questions
337(1)
Exercises
338(1)
References
339(3)
Appendix: Gathering, Organizing, Processing, and Presenting Information as a Team342(7)
I. Choose a Topic
342(1)
II. Gather Information
342(1)
III. Process the Information
343(2)
IV. Organize the Information for Presentation
345(2)
V. Practice
347(2)
Index349

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